Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of gangliosides combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy( HBO) in treatment of neonatal ischemic encephalopathy ( HIE) .Methods 68 patients with HIE were ran-domly divided into 4 groups(n=17):the control group,gangliosides group,HBO group and combined group .The con-trol group received conventional therapy ,gangliosides and HBO group received gangliosides and HBO therapy respec-tively and combined group received both gangliosides and HBO therapy .The therapeutic effects were evaluated 10d and 20d after treatment.Results Compared with the control group ,the total efficiency was significantly increased in the combined group(χ2 =5.885,P<0.05),but not in gangliosides and HBO group .Moreover,all treatment groups significantly elevated the neonatal behavioral neurological assessment (NBNA)in day 10 and 20,and there were signif-icant differences between the combined group and gangliosides or HBO group ( t=3.755,P<0.05;t=3.533,P<0.05).Conclusion The use of gangliosides combined with HBO has synergistic interaction in treatment of HIE , which is worthy of clinical application .

Objective To analyze the molecular characteristics and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia patients with AML1/ETO.Methods The clinical data of 63 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with AML1/ETO positive were analyzed retrospectively.56 cases of AML patients with AML1/ETO negative in the same period were analyzed as control.Characteristics in morphology,immunology,cytogenetics,molecular biology and the clinical effects of treatment were studied and analyzed.Results M2a was 57.12 ％ (36/63),M2b was 33.33 ％ (21/63) in AML with AML1/ETO.The percent of initial marrow blasts was 0.46±0.16.The positive rate of CD34,CD13,CD33,CD19,CD7 and CD56 was 67.21％,52.46 ％,40.98 ％,63.93 ％,4.92 ％ and 50.82 ％,respectively.The rate of t(8;21) translocation was 82.54 ％.There was 4.76 ％ with additional chromosome abnormality,three cases with EV1 1and one case with MLL/AT9.The overall CR rate,the relapse rate,the 3-year and the 5-year overall survival rate was 71.43 ％,51.11％,(43.01±5.31) ％ and (32.79±3.81) ％,respectively.There was no significant difference compared with the control group (P ＞ 0.05).But extramedullary infiltration,the expression of CD56 and additional chromosome abnormality had statistical effects on overall survival (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There has unique characteristics in AML with AML1/ETO.The effects of treatment and the prognosis are affected by many factors,so the efficacy and prognosis of AML with AML1/ETO couldn' t just depend on AML1/ETO.

Objective To investigate the association between podocytes and proteinuria in children with Alport syndrome. Methods Twenty-one children including 13 boys and 8 girls with Alport syndrome were divided into 3 groups according to 24-hour urinary protein, ＜30 mg/kgas the mild proteinuria group (10 patients), 30 to 50 mg/kg as the moderate proteinuria group (4 patients) and ＞50 wg/kg as the heavy proteinuria group (7 patients). The correlation between foot process width and the degree of proteinuria was analyzed. By immunoperoxidase staining on renal tissue, the key slit diaphragm molecules nephrin, podocin and podocyte cytoskeleton-associated molecule synaptopodin were studied. Results The foot process width (420-2270 nm) in patients with Alport syndrome was positively correlated with proteinuria significantly (r=0.765, P＜0.01).Foot process width was significantly lower in patients with mild proteinuria [475 (420-900) nm)compared with that in patients with heavy proteinuria [1520 (480-2270) nm] (P＜0.05). In Alport syndrome children with heavy proteinuria, the distribution of nephrin and podocin changed dramatically. In two children with shorter proteinuria period (1 year), dramatic distribution change of nephrin and podocin occurred, however, the foot process along with synaptopodin preserved.Conclusions Podocyte foot process effacement and injury of slit diaphragm participate in the mechanism of proteinuria in Alport syndrome. The injury of slit diaphragm seems to be an early event in the development of foot process effacement in Alport syndrome, which may guarantee early treatment.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the daily vitamin intakes in diets of diabetic patients.MethodsUsing a food questionnaire,the contents of 63 type Ⅱ diabetics(group A) and 64 non diabetics(group B) were recorded and analysised by computer.The daily vitamin intakes were assessed and compared with the Recommend Dietary Allowance(RDA).ResultsThe daily intakes of vitamin B1 and vitamin B2 were both obviously deficient,less than 50% of the RDA.The daily intakes of vitamin E and A were significantly different between group A and group B.ConclusionsThe vitamin intakes of the senile diabetics in diets were inadequate.

Objective To study the change of the renal endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) pathway in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension in Dah1 rats.Methods Sixteen male Dah1 rats,in accordance with the random number table,were randomly divided into control group and high salt group fed with diet containing 80 g/kg NaCl.After 8 weeks,24 h urine sodium,24 h urinary protein,serum creatinine and serum urea were measured.The microstructural and ultrastructural changes in kidney were observed with light microscope and electronic microscope.The serum and kidney H2S contents were determined by using sulphur-sensitive electrode method.The mRNA levels of cystathionine β-synthase(CBS),cystathionine γ-lyase(CSE) and mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase(MPST) in renal tissue were determined by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The protein expressions of CBS,CSE and MPST in renal tissue were detected by using Western blot.Results Compared with control group,high salt group rats had a significant rise in blood pressure,declined renal function,damaged renal structure,segmental glomerular sclero sis,small artery wall thickening,and occlusion of the lumen.Moreover,the endogenous H2S pathway in kidney of Dah1rats with high salt diet was downregulated markedly,demonstrated by the decreased serum and kidney H2S content,the reduced renal CBS,CSE and MPST mRNA expressions and CBS protein expression of kidney tissue.Conclusion The endogenous H2S/CBS pathway is downregulated during the development of salt-sensitive hypertension in Dah1 rats.

BACKGROUND: 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is one kind of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) with stimulating and hallucinogenic properties, and its damage to human is extremely serious and complicated. It has become a research hot in the field of addiction behavior abroad. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of long-term neurotoxicity of MDMA on cognitive function. DESIGN: A randomized control animal experiment. SETTING: Laboratory of Psychopharmacology, Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University. MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Psychopharmacology of the Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University from July 2003 to February 2004. Sixteen male adult Wistar rats, provided by the animal center of Sichuan university, were randomly assigned to study group (n=10) and control group (n= 6). INTERVENTIONS: Rats in study group were administrated with MDMA (10 mg/kg), once per hour for four times, and the total amount was 40 mg/kg, and those in the control group were treated with saline of the same volume. The Morris water-maze test was performed at 2, 8, 26 and 32 weeks after the last administration respectively to observe the spatial learning and memory function. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The escape latencies and the times of crossing the exact position of the former platform were observed at 2, 8, 26 and 32 weeks after the last administration respectively. RESULTS: Four rats in the study group died within 12 hours during the experiment, 1 in the study group and 1 in the control group died at 6 and 17 weeks respectively, finally 5 rats in the study group and control group left till 32 weeks respectively. At 2, 8, 26 and 32 weeks after the last administration, there were no .significant differences in the escape latencies between the two group (P ＞ 0.05), and the times of crossing the exact position of the former platform also had no significant differences [(7.67±2.16), (7.50±2.95) times; (6.60±1.14), (7.0±1.67) times;(7.40±1.52), (6.60±2.61) times; (6.80±4.55), (5.80±1.79) times; P ＞ 0.05]. CONCLUSION: The long-term neurotoxicity of MDMA has no obvious effect on the spatial learning and memory function.

BACKGROUND: Methamphetamine (MA) has neurotoxic effects to central nervous system. However, as the 5-hydroxytryplamine reuptake enhancer, it is uncertain that if there are protective effects of tianeptine to the damages of 5-hydroxytryp-taminergic neurons caused by MA.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neurotoxicity of MA and the neuroprotective effects of tianeptine as well as the acting mechanism.DESIGN: Randomized case control study based on animals.SETTING: Animal research room and pathology research room of a university.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Experimental Animal Centre of Sichuan University and Molecular Pathology Laboratory of West China Hospital during June to August 2003. Totally 25 male Wistar rats were injected MA through abdominal cavity to build model. Methamphetamine was provided by National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products(NICPBP) while tianeptine was given by French Servier Company (Batch No. OE3086). The TUNEL testing kit was purchased from Boehringer Mannheim Company.INTERVENTIONS: There were one control group and four experimental groups(A, B, C, D). A group was used intraperitoneal injection of MA while B, C, D, groups were administered tianeptine 7 days, 4 days before and the same day of MA administration. Normal saline with same volume was injected into rats of control group. HE stain and silver stain were conducted after experiment to observe the morphologic changes of neurons. And TUNEL method was used to detect apoptotic cells.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The HE stain and silver stain of brain tissue sections and counts of TUNEL positive neurons.RESULTS: MA could damage the axon and dendrite of neurons and the absorbance of silver positive cell was(50.74 ± 1.86) . It could also induce cell apoptosis while the apoptotic cell count every high power field was 29.26 ±4. 14. There were less apoptotic cells in the group with 7 days usage of tianeptine with the cell count of( 18.90 ± 1.60) per high power field.CONCLUSION: MA can cause neurotoxicity by inducing cell apoptosis.And giving tianeptine in advance can protect neurons.

Objective:To analyse the relationship of ultrastructural changes of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and glomerular distributions of laminin α1 and laminin α5 in patients with Alport' s syndrome. Methods: Twenty patients with Alport' s syndrome were recruited. The thickness of GBM and the extension of thickening and splitting GBM were measured under transmission electron microscope. Normal renal tissues from 6 nephrectomies of renal carcinoma were taken as controls. Paraffin embedded sections of formalin-fixed renal tissue were processed for immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies to laminin α1 and laminin α5. Their distributions in GBM were evaluated by a semiquantitative scale of positive extension; absent, 0≤25% , 1; 25%-50% , 2; 50%-75% , 3;≥75% , 4. Results: There were a variety of degrees of thickening or splitting GBM in patients with Alport' s syndrome. Laminin al was positive in glomerular mesangial area and absolutely negative in GBM and laminin α5 was evenly positive in GBM in normal tissue. In Alport' s syndrome, laminin α1 was much weaker in glomerular mesangial area, but strongly positive in GBM; laminin α5 in GBM was prominently reduced. There was a high negative correlation of semiquantitative scores between laminin al and laminin α5 (r =-0. 83, P＜0. 001). The extension of thickening or splitting GBM was positively correlated with scores of laminin al in GBM ( r = 0. 76, P＜0.001; r = 0. 56, P=0. 015 ) , and was negatively correlated with scores of laminin α5 in GBM ( r =-0. 59, P =0. 010; r=-0. 53, P =0.025). Conclusion: Abnormal distribution of laminin al and laminin α5 in GBM is correlated with GBM thickening and splitting in human Alport' s syndrome.

AIM:To investigate the role of mesenchymal stem cell-induced regulatory dendritic cells ( MSC-DCregs) in mouse acute graft-versus-host disease( aGVHD) model.METHODS: Bone marrow cells from BALB/c ( H-2 d ) mice were isolated and were induced to differentiate into DCs.The DCs were selected by flow cytometry, and after 10 d co-culture with MSCs, they were induced to be MSC-DCregs.Male 8-week-old C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice were used as do-nor mice.The female 8-week-old BALB/c (H-2d) mice, who had received 100 cm source-skin distance, 30 cm ×30 cm radiation field, 700 cGy total body irradiation (TBI) pretreatment were used as recipient mice.The recipients were divided into 5 groups:control group, TBI group ( injected with medium only) , bone marrow transplantation group ( injected with 1 ×107 bone marrow cells), aGVHD group (injected with 1 ×107 bone marrow cells and 1 ×107 spleen cells), and MSC-DCregs group (injected with 1 ×107 bone marrow cells, 1 ×107 spleen cells and 1 ×106 MSC-DCregs).The white blood cell count, recipients’ chimerism, clinical evaluation of aGVHD, survival analysis and pathological changes were deter-mined.RESULTS:Hematopoieic recovery was seen at 10 d after transplantation.The recipients’ chimerism was parallel to the donors’ at 30 d.The median survival time of the mice in aGVHD group and MSC-DCregs group was 27 d and 33 d, and the survival rates at 30 d were 20% and 100% (P<0.01), respectively.The clinical scores of the mice in MSC-DCregs group were lower than those in aGVHD group ( P<0.01) .Moreover, the pathological changes in the skin and liver of the mice in MSC-DCregs group were less serious than those in aGVHD group.CONCLUSION: The MSC-DCregs in-duce an aGVHD tolerance in vivo, and further research of its mechanism is still in great necessary.

Objective:To explore the risk factors of bacterial infections in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis and to construct a risk prediction model.Methods:The clinical data of 198 patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis admitted in Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital from January 2014 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 86 patients with bacterial infection (infection group) and 112 patients without bacterial infections (non-infection group). The risk factors of bacterial infections were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression. R language was used to establish a nomogram model to predict the risk of bacterial infection in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to explore the prediction efficiency of the nomogram model for bacterial infection.Results:Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that previous smoking history, prothrombin time, neutrophil count and hypersensitive C protein were independent risk factors for bacterial infection in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis ( P<0.05 or <0.01), while regular antiviral treatment and high-density lipoprotein were protective factors ( P<0.05 or <0.01). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of risk prediction model for bacterial infections was 0.872 (95% CI 0.820-0.924, P<0.01), and AUC of MELD score for predicting bacterial infections was 0.670 (95% CI 0.599-0.735, P<0.01); the risk prediction model was superior to MELD score in prediction ( Z=4.89, P<0.01). Conclusions:The established risk prediction model in this study can more accurately predict the occurrence of bacterial infections in patients with decompensated hepatitis B cirrhosis.