Objective To investigate the mechanism of protective effects of 17-β estradiol on the experimental model of spinal cord injury (SCI) rats.Methods First,the primary astrocytes were cultured and identified.When the third generation astrocytes were cultured,they were induced by H202 whose concentrations were established by the method of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT).The cells were randomly divided into five groups:control group; the group of treatment with 400 μmol/L H2O2 for 24 hours; the group of treatment with 20 nmol/L estrogen for 2 hours prior to exposure to 400 μmol/L H2O2 for 24 hours; the group of treatment with 20 nmol/L estrogen for 26 hours and the group of treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide for 26 hours.The proteins which were extracted from these cells after treatments with H2O2 for 24 hours were detected by Western blotting.Results The absorbances of the astrocytes of treatments with H2O2 were reduced( q' =-11.45,P =0.001 ).But exposure to estrogen prior to exposure to H2O2 provided partial restoration of the absorbances (q' =7.025,P =0.0025 ).The absorbances of the astrocytes among different groups showed significant differences( F =69.69,P =0.0025 ).The results suggested that estrogen might increase the cell viability in astrocytes.Compared with the group of treatment cells with H2O2,treatment cells with 17-β estradiol prior to H2O2 exposure down-regulated the expressions of both phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 ( PTEN ) ( F =290.003,P =0.001 ) and caspase-3 ( F =46.158,P =0.023 ).And,17-β estradiol treatment of cells increased the levels of p-Akt ( F =49.173,P =0.033 ) and Bcl-2 ( F =115.916,P =0.001 ) when compared with the group of treatment astrocytes with H2O2.Conclusion These findings suggest that the attenuation of PTEN expression mediated by estrogen is associated with an increase in phosphorylation/activation of the Akt and the Bel-2 expressions.These results suggest that the protective effects of 17-β estradiol on the experimental model of SCI rats may depend on the estrogen protection to the astrocytes which may be mediated by decreasing the PTEN expression.

Objective To explore the accuracy and practical significance of the 3-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the liver and the abdominal blood vessels based on the data of 64-slice spiral computerized tomography (64S-SCT). Methods The 2D images of the liver and the abdominal blood vessels were collected after TLC-scanning with 64S-SCT. The 3D images of the liver, hepatic internal duct system and the abdominal blood vessels were reconstructed by the medical image processing system. The volume of the 3D reconstructed liver was compared with that of the actual liver measured by the 64S-SCT, and the portal vein of the reconstructed liver model was compared with that reconstructed by the Mxview workstation based on the 64S-SCT data. Results The 3D models of the liver, hepatic internal duct system and abdominal blood vessels were vivid, and could be revolved and observed at any direction. The spatial relationship among main intrahepatic ducts was clearly displayed. The actual liver volume and the condition of the intrahepatic ducts were accurately demonstrated. The reconstructed liver, the branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein, and the abdominal blood vessels were simultaneously displayed by adjusting the transparency of the liver model. The portal vein of the reconstructed liver model completely matched that reconstructed by the Mxview workstation based on the 64S-SCT data. Conclusions The 3D models of the liver, hepatic internal duct system and abdominal blood vessels reflect the human anatomy structure, and provide reliable virtual organs and vessel system for virtual liver surgery.

Background and objective To study the clinicopathoiogical characteristics of Lynch syn＆ome-associated endometrial carcinoma in China.Methods Twenty-seven patients who fulfilled the Amsterdam Criteria Ⅱ were classified as having Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial carcinoma (Group A), and 331 patients without a family history of cancer were classified as having sporadic endometrial carcinoma (Group B).Results There were 81 malignancies in 27 Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial carcinoma families, including colorectal cancer (CRC, 24.7%), endometrial carcinoma (21.0%), liver (12.3%), stomach (9.9%), lung (6.2%), and breast (6.2%) cancers. Mean age at time of diagnosis was 49.7 years in Group A and 56.3 years in Group B (P=0.004). Second primary cancers occurred in 33.3% of patients in Group A and 5.1% in Group B (P<0.0001). "Ihe most common second primary cancers were colorectal cancer (44%) and ovarian cancer (22%). The percentage of obese patients was higher in Group A (P=0.013). There was no difference between the two groups in incidence of diabetes mellitns or hypertension or in histological type and FIGO stage. The 5-year survival rates for Group A and B were 96.2% and 79.6%, respectively. Prognosis for Group A was better than for Group B (P=0.045).Conclusion Some clinicopathologicai features of Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial carcinoma, such as early onset and multiple primary carcinomas, are similar in the Chinese and American/European populations. However, the Chinese population had a unique family cancer distribution that included lung and breast cancers. An increased number of grade 1 endometrioid tumors and a better prognosis imply better biobehavior in Chinese Lynch syndrome-associated endometrial carcinoma. Obesity may be a co-contributing factor for development of Lynch syndrome associated endometrial cancer in China.

Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acid(ω3-PUFA) dietary intervention on mitochondrial function of white adipose tissue in adult rats with postnatal early overfeeding. Methods: An overfed animal model by adjusting litter size was developed for the study of neonatal overfeeding. The litter size was adjusted to 3 male rats per litter(small litter, SL group) and 10 pups per litter(normal litter, NL group). After weaning(week 3), the pups were fed standard chow or ω3-PUFA diet(SL-FO) until postnatal weeks 13. Food intake, body weight, and rectal temperature of rats were measured regularly, and energy metabolism of animals was monitored in week 13. During week 3 and 13, subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected. Inguinal preadipocytes of mice were isolated and induced to differentiate, and 50 μmol/L eicosapentaenoicacid(EPA) was administered for 48 h at the late stage of differentiation. The mRNA and protein expression levels of mitochondrial related genes, mitochondrial copy number, and oxygen consumption rate of adipocytes were detected in adipose tissue and adipocytes. Results: By the 3rd week, the body weight, food intake, and fat cell area in SL group were higher than those in NL group while the body temperature was lower until to 13 weeks. By the 13th week, the O₂ consumption, CO₂ output, and heat production of rats in SL group were lower than those in NL group. Meanwhile, the expressions of mitochondrial function related genes such as uncoupling protein 1(UCP1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1(CPT1), SIRT1, and mitochondrial biosynthesis regulatory gene peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coativator-1 (PGC1α) in adipose tissue by the 3rd and 13th week were significantly reduced(P<0.05). After weaning, ω3-PUFA diet significantly reduced weight gain in SL rats, increased UCP1 protein expression, restored energy metabolism level and mitochondrial function related gene expression. In vitro intervention of EPA increased the mitochondrial copy number, the mRNA and protein expression levels of mitochondrial biosynthesis and functional genes, as well as the mitochondrial basic oxygen consumption rate(P<0.05). Conclusion ω3-PUFA improves postnatal overfeeding-induced impairment of the mitochondrial function and biosynthesis of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in rats, which may be an important mechanism for fish oil diet to inhibit the early over-nutrition program and restore the thermogenic metabolism.

【Objective:】 To explore the cognition of medical staff in public hospitals regarding the medical humanistic service ability, and to discuss, analyze, and put forward targeted suggestions based on statistical data. 【Methods:】 A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted among 825 medical staff randomly selected from public medical institutions in Nanjing, Central, Northern and Southern Jiangsu Province. SPSS21.0 was used to analyze the data. 【Results:】 The average score of medical staff’s familiarity with medical humanities was 3.64 points. In the cognition of the components of medical humanistic service ability, the doctor-patient communication ability accounted for the highest proportion (90.82%). There were differences in the cognition of medical staff with different demographic characteristics on the dimensions of appearance and behavior ability, doctor-patient communication ability, and patient care ability (P<0.05). The surgeon’s cognition of the importance of medical humanities was lower than that of the other four departments (P<0.05). 【Conclusion:】 Medical staff needed to improve their medical humanistic service abilities, and the cognition of humanistic differences among different categories of personnel needed to be adjusted. Public hospitals were suggested to clarify the evaluation elements and standards of medical humanistic services, and focus on solving cognitive differences to improve medical humanistic service abilities, speeding up the construction of humanistic hospitals, promoting medical humanistic service abilities. In addition, it was also necessary to improve the quality of medical humanistic education in colleges and universities through ideological and political courses.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of self-efficacy between personality traits and learning engagement in nursing undergraduates.Methods:In December 2020, 2 170 4-year nursing undergraduates from 6 full-time universities in Shandong Province were selected as the research subject by convenience sampling. The Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory-15 (CBF-PI-15) , the Work Engagement Scale, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) were used to conduct a cross-sectional survey. AMOS 17.0 was used to establish the structural equation model.Results:Among 2 170 undergraduate nursing students, the average scores of 5 dimension items of CBF-PI-15 in descending order were agreeableness (3.63±0.87) , sense of responsibility (3.24±0.84) , extroversion (2.58±0.68) , openness (2.56±1.00) , and neuroticism (1.76±1.19) . The total scores of 2 170 nursing undergraduates on the Work Engagement Scale and the GSES were (67.24±11.34) and (29.64±5.47) respectively. The self-efficacy of nursing undergraduates had a partial mediating effect between neuroticism, sense of responsibility, openness personality traits and learning engagement, and the effect values were 42.64%, 30.21%, and 48.67%, respectively.Conclusions:The learning engagement of nursing undergraduates is at the upper middle level. Nursing educators can change the influence of neuroticism, sense of responsibility, and openness personality traits on learning engagement by improving the self-efficacy of nursing students, thereby increasing the level of learning engagement of nursing undergraduates.

OBJECTIVETo explore the application value of the MI-3DVS in patients with hepatic artery variation receiving duodenopancreatectomy.

METHODSA total of 114 patients who had undergone pancreatoduodenectomy were retrospectively summarized and analyzed during January 2010 to July 2012. The clinical data of 64-slice multidetector CT angiography (64-MDCTA) scanning was introduced into MI-3DVS for procedural segmentation, registration and 3-dimensional reconstruction. Based on the reconstructed 3-dimensional model, the origination and bifurcations of variant hepatic artery was observed. And its anatomical relationships with abdominal organs and vessels were also observed. Thereafter, preoperative procedures planning was formulated. The findings were compared to those found during the operation and by postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA) of coeliac artery.

RESULTSThe abdominal 3D models can clearly display the size and shape of tumor, the origin and course of the blood vessels, as well as the 3D anatomic relationship between tumors and organs, blood vessels. A total of 14 cases (12.3%, 14/114) were found with variant, including 9 cases (7.9%) with replaced right hepatic artery arising from superior mesenteric artery, 3 cases (2.6%) with replaced common hepatic artery arising from superior mesenteric artery, 2 cases (1.8%) with replaced left hepatic artery arising from left gastric artery. The 14 patients all received standard procedures of duodenopancreatectomy. Compared to the intraoperative findings and postoperative DSA examination, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MI-3DVS to variant hepatic artery is 100%. The preoperative planning guided by MI-3DVS is in line with the intraoperative findings.No postoperative complications occurred in all 14 patients, including hepatic abscesses, biliary fistula and liver failure.

CONCLUSIONSMI-3DVS can accurately diagnose hepatic artery variation before duodenopancreatectomy. Therefore, it contributes to the formulation of preoperative surgical plans.It also increases the success rate of the surgical operations and decreases the occurrence of postoperative complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Hepatic Artery ; abnormalities ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreaticoduodenectomy ; instrumentation ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo construct a three-dimensional (3D) model of arteries supplying the extrahepatic bile duct with a new segmentation algorithm based on submillimeter CT data.

METHODSThe new image segmentation algorithm based on interactive volume rendering was integrated into Medical Image Three-Dimensional Visualization System (MI-3DVS) as an intersected plug-in. The abdominal submillimeter CTA data of 10 patients were imported into MI-3DVS and the 3D model of the extrahepatic bile duct and its supplying arteries were constructed. The 3D model was zoomed in, zoomed out and spinned for observation and analysis of the arteries supplying the extrahepatic bile duct.

RESULTSThe 3D models of the blood supply to extrahepatic bile duct allowed stereoscopic, and accurate display of the fourth- and fifth-level branches of the hepatic artery, the second-level branches of the cystic artery, the pancreatic duodenal artery arch and the retroportal artery. The 3D models also provided a clear vision of the biliary structures including the hepatobiliary tract, the left and right hepatic ducts, gallbladder, the liver duct, and the common bile duct.

CONCLUSIONBased on the segmentation method of interactive volume rendering, the CT data of the arterioles supplying the extrahepatic bile duct can be extracted and segmented for 3D reconstruction to display the three-dimensional anatomical structures of the extrahepatic bile duct and its supplying arteries.

Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; anatomy & histology ; Hepatic Artery ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Liver ; blood supply ; Models, Anatomic

Objective To construct a three-dimensional (3D) model of arteries supplying the extrahepatic bile duct with a new segmentation algorithm based on submillimeter CT data. Methods The new image segmentation algorithm based on interactive volume rendering was integrated into Medical Image Three-Dimensional Visualization System (MI-3DVS) as an intersected plug-in. The abdominal submillimeter CTA data of 10 patients were imported into MI-3DVS and the 3D model of the extrahepatic bile duct and its supplying arteries were constructed. The 3D model was zoomed in, zoomed out and spinned for observation and analysis of the arteries supplying the extrahepatic bile duct. Results The 3D models of the blood supply to extrahepatic bile duct allowed stereoscopic, and accurate display of the fourth-and fifth-level branches of the hepatic artery, the second-level branches of the cystic artery, the pancreatic duodenal artery arch and the retroportal artery. The 3D models also provided a clear vision of the biliary structures including the hepatobiliary tract, the left and right hepatic ducts, gallbladder, the liver duct, and the common bile duct. Conclusions Based on the segmentation method of interactive volume rendering, the CT data of the arterioles supplying the extrahepatic bile duct can be extracted and segmented for 3D reconstruction to display the three-dimensional anatomical structures of the extrahepatic bile duct and its supplying arteries.

Objective To construct a three-dimensional (3D) model of arteries supplying the extrahepatic bile duct with a new segmentation algorithm based on submillimeter CT data. Methods The new image segmentation algorithm based on interactive volume rendering was integrated into Medical Image Three-Dimensional Visualization System (MI-3DVS) as an intersected plug-in. The abdominal submillimeter CTA data of 10 patients were imported into MI-3DVS and the 3D model of the extrahepatic bile duct and its supplying arteries were constructed. The 3D model was zoomed in, zoomed out and spinned for observation and analysis of the arteries supplying the extrahepatic bile duct. Results The 3D models of the blood supply to extrahepatic bile duct allowed stereoscopic, and accurate display of the fourth-and fifth-level branches of the hepatic artery, the second-level branches of the cystic artery, the pancreatic duodenal artery arch and the retroportal artery. The 3D models also provided a clear vision of the biliary structures including the hepatobiliary tract, the left and right hepatic ducts, gallbladder, the liver duct, and the common bile duct. Conclusions Based on the segmentation method of interactive volume rendering, the CT data of the arterioles supplying the extrahepatic bile duct can be extracted and segmented for 3D reconstruction to display the three-dimensional anatomical structures of the extrahepatic bile duct and its supplying arteries.