Objective To assess the effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine (Dex) in anesthesia for end-stage renal disease (ESRD)recipients in living related renal transplantation.Methods Forty ESRD patients undergoing living related renal transplantation in the Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University from October 201 3 to December 201 4 were randomized into the Dex group and the control group,20 patients in each group.In the Dex group,the patients were pumped with the loading dose of Dex at 0.6 μg/kg before anesthesia induction and the procedure was completed within 20 min.Then,the patients were pumped at 0.2 μg/(kg·h)for 1 h and underwent general anesthesia induction.In the control group,the patients were pumped with equivalent normal saline.The anesthesia induction and the maintenance drug of the two groups were the same.The mean arterial pressure (MAP),heart rate (HR)and bispectral index (BIS) before administration (T0 ),20 min after administration (T1 ),before laryngeal mask placement (T2 )and after laryngeal mask placement (T3 )of the two groups were observed and recorded.Delayed recovery and emergence delirium were also observed.Urine output during transplantation,4,8,1 2,24 h after transplantation,as well as endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Ccr)before transplantation and 1 2,24 h after transplantation were recorded.Results Compared with T0 ,the MAP,HR and BIS of the two groups at T2 decreased significantly (all in P <0.05).As for the comparison between two groups,the HR and BIS of the Dex group decreased significantly (both in P <0.05 ),but the MAP didn't decrease significantly (P >0.05 ).The emergence delirium in the Dex group was all mild with the incidence of 1 5% (3 /20),which significantly deceased in comparison with that in the control group (30%,6 /20)(P <0.05).The urine outputs of Dex group during transplantation,and 4 h and 8 h after transplantation were significantly higher than those of the control group (all in P <0.05).The Ccr of the two groups at 1 2 h and 24 h after transplantation significantly increased, compared with that before transplantation (all in P <0.01 ).Conclusions Dex may reduce the incidence of emergence delirium of recipient in living related renal transplantation,increase urine output after transplantation and cause no delayed recovery,which may be used in ESRD patients safely.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously expressed small, non-coding transcripts that regulate protein expression. Substantial evidences suggest that miRNAs are enriched in central nervous system, where they are hypothesized to play pivotal roles during neural development. In the present study, we analyzed miRNAs expression in mice cerebral cortex and hippocampus at different developmental stages and found miR-29a increased dramatically at postnatal stages. In addition, we provided strong evidences that miR-29a is enriched in mature neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation demonstrated that the activation of glutamate receptors induced endogenous miR-29a level in primary neurons. Moreover, we showed that miR-29a directly regulated its target protein Doublecortin (DCX) expression, which further modulated axon branching in primary culture. Together, our results suggested that miR-29a play an important role in neuronal development of mice cerebrum.
Animals ; Axons ; metabolism ; physiology ; Hippocampus ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Mice ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; genetics ; Neurogenesis ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Neuropeptides ; genetics ; Primary Cell Culture

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that regulates target gene expression at posttranscriptional level, leading to further biological functions. We have demonstrated that microvesicles (MVs) can deliver miRNAs into target cells as a novel way of intercellular communication. It is reported that in central nervous system, glial cells release MVs, which modulate neuronal function in normal condition. To elucidate the potential role of glial MVs in disease, we evaluated the effects of secreted astrocytic MVs on stress condition. Our results demonstrated that after Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, astrocytes released shedding vesicles (SVs) that enhanced vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons to neurotoxin. Further investigation showed that increased astrocytic miR-34a in SVs was involved in this progress via targeting anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 in dopaminergic neurons. We also found that inhibition of astrocytic miR-34a after LPS stimulation can postpone dopaminergic neuron loss under neurotoxin stress. These data revealed a novel mechanism underlying astrocyte-neuron interaction in disease.
Animals ; Astrocytes ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cell-Derived Microparticles ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopaminergic Neurons ; drug effects ; pathology ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides ; pharmacology ; MicroRNAs ; metabolism ; Neurotoxins ; toxicity ; Oxidopamine ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Stress, Physiological ; drug effects