No abstract available.
Acute Lung Injury* ; Oxygen* ; Sus scrofa*

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of wound closure tension on the blood flow of the expanded pedicled fasciocutaneous flap, so as to find the best tension for the blood supply of the flap.

METHODS8 piglets, aged 9-12 months, were used. On each side of pig back, a cephalic based expanded fasciocutaneous flap was designed. The size of the flaps was 5 cm x 20 cm. In the control group, the flaps were not elevated (0 g tension). In the experimental group, the flaps were treated at the end with the tension of 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, and 900 g after elevation. The blood oxygen saturation (StO2) of the flaps was measured under different wound closure tension.

RESULTSThe flap StO2 raised along the increase of tension until the tension reached 200-300 g. Then the flap StO2 decreased when the tension continued to increase above 200-300 g.

CONCLUSIONSThe tension of 200-300 g is good for the blood flow of expanded pedicled fasciocutaneous flap. So the flap flexibility can be best used and the complication can be avoided.

Animals ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; Sus scrofa ; Swine ; Tensile Strength

Aujeszky's disease caused by Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) is one of the most important diseases in the pig industry. In this study, we conducted a seroepidemiological survey of ADV in wild boars and raccoon dogs in South Korea. In total, 217 wild boar sera collected between March and August 2013, and 96 raccoon dogs between 2011 and 2012 were screened for the presence of antibodies against ADV. The sero-positive rates in wild boars and raccoon dogs tested for ADV were found to be 3.55% (8/225) and 0% (0/96), respectively. The presence of virus neutralization antibody titer against ADV means that small number of wild boars was infected with ADV and AD may be circulated continuously in Korean wild boar populations, and that wild boars may act as a potential reservoir of ADV. Therefore, to achieve the declaration of AD free, effective preventive measures to block transmission of AD should be taken to the wild boars.
Antibodies ; Herpesvirus 1, Suid* ; Korea ; Pseudorabies ; Raccoon Dogs* ; Sus scrofa*

No abstract available.
Acute Lung Injury* ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases* ; Sus scrofa*

PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate any difference in the penetration of the acrylic glue into the pig rete mirabile according to the difference of the concentration of the glue mixture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three domestic pigs (12-15kg) were used. After obtaining a normal angiography, two different concentrations of 1:1 and 0.5:1 of Histoacryl Blue mixture with Lipiodol were administrated into pig rete mirabile and then anglographic and pathologic findings were analyzed after taking a postembolization angiography. RESULTS: The degree of the penetration of the glue mixture into the pig rete was different in the anglographic and pathologic findings according to the glue mixture ratio. In case of using 0.5:1 mixture of glue and Lipiodol, glue penetrated into the smaller vessels with size of about 80 micro rn than in case of using 1:1 mixture of glue and Lipiodol. CONCLUSION: Because the polymerization time of glue mixture will be different according to the concentration of glue mixture, a mixture with thin glue concentration seemed to penetrate deeply into the pig rete.
Adhesives ; Angiography ; Enbucrilate* ; Ethiodized Oil ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Sus scrofa

Astroviruses are widely detected in pigs but their detection in wild boars is rather sporadic. In this study, astroviruses were detected in organ homogenates of wild boars by applying nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and the typing was carried out by phylogenetic analysis. Overall, 30/200 (15.0%) homogenates were positive for astroviruses. Genetic typing revealed that of 13 amplicons analyzed, 8 were typed as porcine astrovirus lineage 2 (PAstV-2), 2 as lineage 4 (PAstV-4), 2 identical sequences were grouped with chicken astrovirus, and 1 sequence belonged to a bat astrovirus lineage. This first identification of chicken and bat astroviruses in wild boars indicates interspecies transmission.
Avastrovirus ; Chickens ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sus scrofa ; Swine

BACKGROUNDThe influences of intrathoracic pressure (ITP) to hemodynamic and respiratory parameters during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are confusing. In this research, we investigated the phasic changes of ITP during CPR and reveal the relationships among the hemodynamics, respiratory parameters, and ITP.

METHODSAfter 8 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation, which was induced in twenty intubated male domestic pigs, 12 minutes of 30: 2 CPR was performed. Continuous respiratory variables, hemodynamics, ITP and blood gas analysis were measured during CPR. After that, defibrillation was done and prognostic indicators after CPR was recorded.

RESULTSAverage ITP at baseline was -(14.1 ± 1.6) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa). When gasping inspirations were going on, it decreased sharply to near -50 mmHg. ITP fluctuated up and down quickly from near -20 mmHg to 20 mmHg when compressions were performed. These phasic changes became mild as the CPR was performed, the contrast of high and low ITP decreased to (12.95 ± 2.91) mmHg at the end of 12 minutes of CPR. Total alveolus minute volume decreased too, because of the decrease of compression and gasp related ventilations. Curve correlation was found between the tidal volume of compression and ITP: ITP = 607.33/(1 + 3134 × e(-0.58 × TV)), (e: natural constant, R(2) = 0.895). Negative correlations were found between the right atrial diastolic pressure and ITP (r = -0.753, P < 0.01); and positive correlations were found between the coronary perfusion pressure and ITP (r = 0.626, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSITP is one of the key factors which can influence the prognosis of CPR. Correlations were found between the changes of ITP and the tidal volumes of compressions, right atrial diastolic pressure and coronary perfusion pressure during CPR. More positive ITP during compression and more negative during decompression were good to ventilation and perfusion.

Animals ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Heart Arrest ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Hemodynamics ; Male ; Pressure ; Respiration ; Sus scrofa

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop porcine full thickness skin wound healing model of thermal burn and skin defect and to compare wound healing process between them. METHODS: Twelve thermal burns and 12 skin defect wounds were created on the back of 3 domestic pigs. A round shaped heated electric iron was contacted for 30 seconds to develop full thickness burn. Appropriate dressings were applied for 30 days after wounding. Full thickness skin biopsies were obtained for histologic analysis by a pathologist. The amount of wound discharge, the surface area of each wound, and wound culture results were compared between skin defect and burn wound. RESULTS: Of 12 burn wound sections, 7 (58%) were identified to full thickness dermal injury. Complete wound reepithelialization was seen between postburn days 21 and 28 in both wounds. The initial wound area was smaller in burn than skin defect (P<0.001, 14.4+/-0.8 cm2 vs 22.8+/-3.4 cm2). The wound area of both burn and skin defect was slightly increased for 9 days after wounding and rapidly decreased after that time. The linear advancement length of wound edge was significantly slower in burn (P=0.009, 1.06+/-0.28 vs 1.48+/-0.42 cm). The amount of wound discharge was greater in skin defect than burn (P=0.002, 35.1+/-8.3 vs 49.5+/-11.2 g). CONCLUSION: We developed a porcine model of both thermal burn and skin defect. Time for complete reepithelialization was similar but the linear advancement length of wound edge was slower in burn than skin defect wound.
Bandages ; Biopsy ; Burns ; Hot Temperature ; Iron ; Models, Animal ; Re-Epithelialization ; Skin ; Sus scrofa ; Wound Healing

Tick is one of the most important arthropods in the transmission of vector-borne diseases. In this study, we investigated the abundance and species of ticks associated with swine and their habitats to assess the risk of spread of tick-borne diseases in host species, such as wild boars. Ticks were collected from 24 grazing or traditionally reared domestic pig farms and 8 habitats of wild boars in 8 provinces and 1 city in the Republic of Korea, by using the dragging and flagging methods. Ticks were also collected directly from 49 wild boars by using fine forceps. A total of 9,846 hard ticks were collected, including 4,977 Haemaphysalis longicornis, 4,313 Haemaphysalis flava, 508 Ixodes nipponensis, 1 Ixodes turdus, and 47 Amblyomma testudinarium. A total of 240 hard ticks were collected from 49 wild boars, including 109 H. flava, 84 H. longicornis, and 47 A. testudinarium. A total of 578 hard ticks were collected from areas around domestic pig farms. Only 2 hard tick species, 546 H. longicornis and 32 H. flava, were collected from these areas. A total of 9,028 hard ticks were collected from wild boars of 8 habitats, including 4,347 H. longicornis, 4,172 H. flava, 508 I. nipponensis, and 1 I. turdus. A. testudinarium was collected only from wild boars, and I. nipponensis and I. turdus were collected only from the habitats of wild boars.
Agriculture ; Arthropods ; Ecosystem* ; Ixodes ; Ixodidae ; Republic of Korea* ; Surgical Instruments ; Sus scrofa* ; Swine ; Tick-Borne Diseases ; Ticks*

Fecal samples obtained from wild boar habitats are useful for the surveillance of diseases in wild boar populations; however, it is difficult to determine the species of origin of feces collected in natural habitats. In this study, a fecal IgA ELISA was evaluated as a method for identifying the porcine species from fecal samples. Both domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) and wild boars (Sus scrofa coreanus) showed significantly higher levels of fecal IgA than other animal species. Additionally, age dependent changes in the level of Ig A in wild boars and domestic pigs were identified; Titers of Ig A were highest in suckling period and lowest in weanling period.
Animals* ; Antibodies* ; Ecosystem ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Feces ; Immunoglobulin A* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Methods ; Sus scrofa*