Objective: Studies have been conducted to identify brain structural alterations related to high impulsivity in psychiatric populations. However, research on healthy subjects is relatively less extensive. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the correlation between the cortical thickness of whole brain regions and the impulsivity level in a healthy population. Methods: We included 100 healthy participants aged 19–65 years. Their T1-weighted magnetic resonance images and the 23-item Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) score were obtained. The patients were divided into high and low impulsivity groups according to the 75th percentile score of the BIS in the sample. The thickness of each cortical region was calculated using the FreeSurfer, and the difference in cortical thickness of the whole brain between the high and low impulsivity groups was analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance including age, sex, education level, and total intracranial cavity volume as covariates. Results: The high impulsivity group showed significant cortical thinning in the left pars opercularis. The cortical thickness of the left pars opercularis significantly correlated negatively with the total, attention, and motor scores of the BIS scale. Conclusion Our findings suggest that prefrontal cortex thinning may play an important role in the development of high impulsivity in healthy adults.

Objective: Studies have been conducted to identify brain structural alterations related to high impulsivity in psychiatric populations. However, research on healthy subjects is relatively less extensive. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the correlation between the cortical thickness of whole brain regions and the impulsivity level in a healthy population. Methods: We included 100 healthy participants aged 19–65 years. Their T1-weighted magnetic resonance images and the 23-item Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) score were obtained. The patients were divided into high and low impulsivity groups according to the 75th percentile score of the BIS in the sample. The thickness of each cortical region was calculated using the FreeSurfer, and the difference in cortical thickness of the whole brain between the high and low impulsivity groups was analyzed using one-way analysis of covariance including age, sex, education level, and total intracranial cavity volume as covariates. Results: The high impulsivity group showed significant cortical thinning in the left pars opercularis. The cortical thickness of the left pars opercularis significantly correlated negatively with the total, attention, and motor scores of the BIS scale. Conclusion Our findings suggest that prefrontal cortex thinning may play an important role in the development of high impulsivity in healthy adults.

Objective: Cognitive dysfunction is frequently reported after surgery and anesthesia in elderly patients. This study aims to investigate the incidence of dementia for eight years after anesthesia. Methods: We extracted the data between 2007 and 2020 from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service Database. We analyzed risk of developing dementia after anesthesia using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: Data were collected from 62,541 patient. Among them, subjects with and without anesthesia were 15,857 and 46,684, respectively. Subjects with anesthesia had more hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipemia than those without anesthesia.The risk of dementia incidence was found to increase 1.7 times in subjects with anesthesia (hazard ratio=1.751, 95% confidence interval=1.596-1.921). Even after the correction for gender, age, and comorbidity, the statistical significance of this risk remained (hazard ratio=1.662, 95% confidence interval=1.512-1.827). Conclusion Our findings suggest that anesthesia possibly contribute on cognitive impairment. Clinician might need closedobservation on cognitive function in patients after surgery and anesthesia.