Firstly, the essay introduces the definition of bio-burden, the significance of determination of bio-burden and the specific performance requirements. Then, the essay introduces the method selection and validation on the bio-burden determination of surgical drapes, gowns and clean air suits.
Equipment Contamination ; Surgical Attire ; microbiology ; standards ; Surgical Drapes ; microbiology ; standards

The essay introduces the study on the performance monitoring tests for the resistance to wet bacterial penetration about surgical gowns and surgical drapes in accordance with ISO 22610.
Microbiological Techniques ; instrumentation ; methods ; Operating Rooms ; Protective Clothing ; microbiology ; standards ; Surgical Attire ; microbiology ; standards

By testing the less critical product areas of two different materials, this paper verifies the test method described in ISO 22612.
Desiccation ; Infection Control ; methods ; Materials Testing ; instrumentation ; methods ; Sterilization ; instrumentation ; methods ; Surgical Attire ; microbiology ; Surgical Drapes ; microbiology

Laparoscopic hysterectomy is currently considered the standard procedure in many patients who need hysterectomy. To reduce incisional morbidity and improve cosmetic outcomes we performed transumbilical single-port total laparoscopic hysterectomy using a special "single three-channel port" and standard laparoscopic tools with virtually no scar. We used an Alexis wound retractor (Applied Medical, CA, USA) and a surgical glove as the "single three-channel port". In this paper, we report four cases of total laparoscopic hysterectomy performed exclusively through an umbilical incision using a single three-channel port.
Cicatrix ; Cosmetics ; Gloves, Surgical ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Laparoscopy

Regarding the removal of a gastric bezoar, laparoscopic surgery was performed and it was shown that the laparoscopic approach is safe and feasible. However, the laparoscopic method has the risk of intraabdominal contamination, when the gastric bezoar is retrieved from the gastric lumen in the peritoneal cavity. We developed and applied a new procedure for the removal of the gastric bezoar using one surgical glove and two wound retractors as a fashion of intragastric single port surgery. Herein we present this new minimal invasive procedure, so named "hybrid access surgery" which involves the use of existing devices and overcomes the weakness of laparoscopic removal of the gastric bezoar. Our new procedure, combining the concept of intragastric and single port access, is acceptable and feasible to retrieve the gastric bezoar. In the future, this procedure may be one of the alternative procedures for retrieving gastric bezoar even when it is incarcerated in the pylorus.
Bezoars ; Gloves, Surgical ; Laparoscopy ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Pylorus

Foreign bodies with a sharp margin in the esophagus are often associated with serious complications, such as bleeding, perforation and mediastinitis in the middle of endoscopic removal, as well as impaction in the esophagus wall. Therefore, safe extraction for such patients is essential. The techniques that are performed with an endoscope have been designed with using a protector hood and overtube. Yet the former is not available in Korea, and the later is uncomfortable and limited in diameter. Press-through-packs (PTPs) are commonly used as a package for drugs and they also usually cause esophageal impaction because they have sharp edges. We report here on a case of an impacted PTP in the upper esophagus, and this was successfully extracted endoscopically with using a surgical glove, which is a better safe alternative to above mentioned removal items.
Endoscopes ; Esophagus ; Foreign Bodies ; Gloves, Surgical ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Korea ; Mediastinitis

PURPOSE: To assess the frequencies and sites of surgical glove perforations in lower extremity fracture surgery and hip joint replacement (HJR) surgery. Additionally, we also studied the usefulness of an indicator system glove. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed surgical glove perforations in 30 cases of lower extremity fracture surgery and 18 cases of HJR surgery conducted by one right handed 1st operator from April 2013 to July 2013. We assessed frequencies and sites of perforation in 152 gloves; 95 used in lower extremity fracture surgery and 57 used in HJR surgery. We studied the perforation rates and sites according to participants and operation types. Using the Biogel indicator system glove, which is well known as a fast indicator of glove perforation, we were also able to assess the time difference between operative participant detection of perforation and inspector nurse detection while observing in the operative field. RESULTS: There were 18 of 30 cases in lower extremity fracture surgeries and 12 of 18 cases in HJR surgeries which had more than one surgical glove perforation event. Of all 152 gloves used, perforation occurred in 15 of 57 gloves (26.3%) in HJR surgery and 23 of 95 gloves (24.2%) in lower extremity fracture surgery. Perforation occurred more frequently in operators than assistant doctors or scrub nurses. The most frequent perforation site was the second digit of the left hand. On average, the time difference between operative participant notice of perforation and inspector nurse notice of perforation was 20.6 seconds. CONCLUSION: The perforation of surgical gloves happened in approximately one out of every four persons. Importantly, we noted a 37.0% prevalence of glove perforation in 1st operators. Considering that glove perforation is a critical factor responsible for intra-operative infection, surgeons must be conscious of the risk of surgical glove perforation and use double gloving regularly. Furthermore, indicator double gloving is recommended for fast detection of outer glove perforation.
Gloves, Surgical* ; Hand ; Hip Joint* ; Humans ; Lower Extremity* ; Prevalence

We describe our initial experience with embryonic-natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (E-NOTES) nephrectomy in a nonfunctioning kidney. E-NOTES was performed with modified single port access by using a surgical glove and wound retractor. We used several laparoscopic instruments, such as articulating laparoscopic instruments, clips, conventional laparoscopic graspers, and dissectors. The operative time was 80 minutes. There were no intraoperative complications.
Gloves, Surgical ; Intraoperative Complications ; Kidney ; Laparoscopy ; Nephrectomy ; Operative Time

For over two thousand years, many artists and scientists have tried to understand or quantify the form of the perfect, ideal, or the most beautiful face both in art and in vivo(life). However, this mathematical relationship has been consistently and repeatedly reported to be present in beautiful things. This particular relationship is referred to as the golden ratio. It is a mathematical ratio of 1.618:1 that seems to appear recurrently in beautiful things in nature as well as in other things that are seen as beautiful. Dr. Marquardt made the facial golden mask that contains and includes all of the 1-dimensional and 2-dimensional geometric golden element formed from the golden ratio. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the golden facial mask. In our cases(n=40), the authors applied the facial golden mask to the preoperative and postoperative photographs, and scored each photograph. Compared with the average scores of the facial mask applied photographs and none applied photographs using non-parametric test, statistical significance was not checked (p>0.05). It means that the facial golden mask can be used for facial analysis. The facial golden mask is easy to apply, cheap and relatively objective. So, the authors introduce the one of useful facial analyses.
Masks*

Single-incision laparoscopic surgery has gained increasing attention due to its potential to improve the benefits of laparoscopic surgery. However, inconvenience remains for inexperienced surgeons during surgery when instruments conflict with each other, and a glove port is used hesitantly for such diagnosis related groups (DRG) because of its high cost. Authors made a new glove port by an odd surgical gloves and one wound protectors. This glove port is ease to make besides being convenient to us, and inexpensive. This new glove port has the benefit of easy utilization and cost effectiveness for surgeons performing single-incision laparoscopic surgery.
Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Gloves, Surgical ; Laparoscopy ; Wounds and Injuries