Ectrodactyly, Ectodermal dysplasia and Cleft lip/palate (EEC) syndrome is a rare combination of multiple congenital anomalies. Although the anomalies are diverse, the underlying problem arise from early embryonic ectodermal tissue defects or insults. We report a case of a baby boy who was born at 33 weeks of gestation with EEC syndrome. He died five months later of aspiration pneumonia. The management requires a multidisciplinary approach and proper parental counseling which should include risk of recurrence in future pregnancies. Prenatal diagnosis is possible by antenatal ultrasound scan at 14-16 weeks of gestation.

The volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique, in the form of RapidArc, is widely used to treat prostate cancer. The full-single arc (f-SA) technique in RapidArc planning for prostate cancer treatment provides efficient treatment, but it also delivers a higher radiation dose to the rectum. This study aimed to compare the dosimetric results from the new partial-single arc (p-SA) technique with those from the f-SA technique in RapidArc planning for prostate cancer treatment. In this study, 10 patients with low-risk prostate cancer were selected. For each patient, two sets of RapidArc plans (f-SA and p-SA) were created in the Eclipse treatment planning system. The f-SA plan was created using one full arc, and the p-SA plan was created using planning parameters identical to those of the f-SA plan but with anterior and posterior avoidance sectors. Various dosimetric parameters of the f-SA and p-SA plans were evaluated and compared for the same target coverage and identical plan optimization parameters. The f-SA and p-SA plans showed an average difference of ±1% for the doses to the planning target volume (PTV), and there were no clear differences in dose homogeneity or plan conformity. In comparison to the f-SA technique, the p-SA technique reduced the doses to the rectum by approximately 6.1% to 21.2%, to the bladder by approximately 10.3% to 29.5%, and to the penile bulb by approximately 2.2%. In contrast, the dose to the femoral heads, the integral dose, and the number of monitor units were higher in the p-SA plans by approximately 34.4%, 7.7%, and 9.2%, respectively. In conclusion, it is feasible to use the p-SA technique for RapidArc planning for prostate cancer treatment. For the same PTV coverage and identical plan optimization parameters, the p-SA technique is better in sparing the rectum and bladder without compromising plan conformity or target homogeneity when compared to the f-SA technique.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Femur Head ; radiation effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Organs at Risk ; radiation effects ; Penis ; radiation effects ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; pathology ; radiotherapy ; Radiometry ; methods ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; methods ; Rectum ; radiation effects ; Urinary Bladder ; radiation effects