Purpose: s: The association between alcohol consumption, health, and mortality is intricate, with marital status being a determinant of drinking behavior. This study investigated the combined effect of alcohol consumption patterns and marital status on mortality in middle-aged and older Korean individuals. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study used data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, conducted from 2006 to 2020. The study population comprised individuals who were consuming alcohol around the time of the basic survey and participated in the 1st wave 2006 study. We divided 3,823 drinkers older than 45 into four groups: “normal drinker and married (NM),” “normal drinker and unmarried (NUM),” “excessive drinker and married (EM),” and “excessive drinker and unmarried (EUM).” A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed for survival analysis. Results: The median survival time of the EUM group was 11.9 years. After adjusting for the covariates, the mortality risk among the NUM, EM, and EUM were approximately 1.67 times, 1.33 times, and 3.10 times higher than that among the NM, respectively. Conclusion Middle- and old-aged unmarried people with excessive drinking patterns constitute a highrisk group for mortality. Community healthcare providers should focus on characteristics that differ by age, considering family-related factors, and assessing alcohol consumption patterns to reduce mortality.Among middle- and old-aged people, support for unmarried and excessive drinkers should be strengthened, and consultation on visiting community-based clinics should be promoted to improve firmly established alcohol consumption patterns.

Purpose: s: The association between alcohol consumption, health, and mortality is intricate, with marital status being a determinant of drinking behavior. This study investigated the combined effect of alcohol consumption patterns and marital status on mortality in middle-aged and older Korean individuals. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study used data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, conducted from 2006 to 2020. The study population comprised individuals who were consuming alcohol around the time of the basic survey and participated in the 1st wave 2006 study. We divided 3,823 drinkers older than 45 into four groups: “normal drinker and married (NM),” “normal drinker and unmarried (NUM),” “excessive drinker and married (EM),” and “excessive drinker and unmarried (EUM).” A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed for survival analysis. Results: The median survival time of the EUM group was 11.9 years. After adjusting for the covariates, the mortality risk among the NUM, EM, and EUM were approximately 1.67 times, 1.33 times, and 3.10 times higher than that among the NM, respectively. Conclusion Middle- and old-aged unmarried people with excessive drinking patterns constitute a highrisk group for mortality. Community healthcare providers should focus on characteristics that differ by age, considering family-related factors, and assessing alcohol consumption patterns to reduce mortality.Among middle- and old-aged people, support for unmarried and excessive drinkers should be strengthened, and consultation on visiting community-based clinics should be promoted to improve firmly established alcohol consumption patterns.

Purpose: s: The association between alcohol consumption, health, and mortality is intricate, with marital status being a determinant of drinking behavior. This study investigated the combined effect of alcohol consumption patterns and marital status on mortality in middle-aged and older Korean individuals. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study used data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging, conducted from 2006 to 2020. The study population comprised individuals who were consuming alcohol around the time of the basic survey and participated in the 1st wave 2006 study. We divided 3,823 drinkers older than 45 into four groups: “normal drinker and married (NM),” “normal drinker and unmarried (NUM),” “excessive drinker and married (EM),” and “excessive drinker and unmarried (EUM).” A Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed for survival analysis. Results: The median survival time of the EUM group was 11.9 years. After adjusting for the covariates, the mortality risk among the NUM, EM, and EUM were approximately 1.67 times, 1.33 times, and 3.10 times higher than that among the NM, respectively. Conclusion Middle- and old-aged unmarried people with excessive drinking patterns constitute a highrisk group for mortality. Community healthcare providers should focus on characteristics that differ by age, considering family-related factors, and assessing alcohol consumption patterns to reduce mortality.Among middle- and old-aged people, support for unmarried and excessive drinkers should be strengthened, and consultation on visiting community-based clinics should be promoted to improve firmly established alcohol consumption patterns.

OBJECTIVES: This study presents the current status of nursing informatics education, the content covered in nursing informatics courses, the faculty efficacy, and the barriers to and additional supports for teaching nursing informatics in Korea. METHODS: A set of questionnaires consisting of an 18-item questionnaire for nursing informatics education, a 6-item questionnaire for faculty efficacy, and 2 open-ended questions for barriers and additional supports were sent to 204 nursing schools via email and the postal service. Nursing schools offering nursing informatics were further asked to send their syllabuses. The subjects taught were analyzed using nursing informatics competency categories and other responses were tailed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 72 schools (35.3%) responded to the survey, of which 38 reported that they offered nursing informatics courses in their undergraduate nursing programs. Nursing informatics courses at 11 schools were taught by a professor with a degree majoring in nursing informatics. Computer technology was the most frequently taught subject (27 schools), followed by information systems used for practice (25 schools). The faculty efficacy was 3.76 ± 0.86 (out of 5). The most frequently reported barrier to teaching nursing informatics (n = 9) was lack of awareness of the importance of nursing informatics. Training and educational opportunities was the most requested additional support. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing informatics education has increased during the last decade in Korea. However, the proportions of faculty with degrees in nursing informatics and number of schools offering nursing informatics courses have not increased much. Thus, a greater focus is needed on training faculty and developing the courses.
Competency-Based Education ; Education* ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Korea* ; Nursing Education Research ; Nursing Informatics* ; Nursing* ; Postal Service ; Schools, Nursing ; Tail

OBJECTIVES: This study presents the current status of nursing informatics education, the content covered in nursing informatics courses, the faculty efficacy, and the barriers to and additional supports for teaching nursing informatics in Korea. METHODS: A set of questionnaires consisting of an 18-item questionnaire for nursing informatics education, a 6-item questionnaire for faculty efficacy, and 2 open-ended questions for barriers and additional supports were sent to 204 nursing schools via email and the postal service. Nursing schools offering nursing informatics were further asked to send their syllabuses. The subjects taught were analyzed using nursing informatics competency categories and other responses were tailed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: A total of 72 schools (35.3%) responded to the survey, of which 38 reported that they offered nursing informatics courses in their undergraduate nursing programs. Nursing informatics courses at 11 schools were taught by a professor with a degree majoring in nursing informatics. Computer technology was the most frequently taught subject (27 schools), followed by information systems used for practice (25 schools). The faculty efficacy was 3.76 ± 0.86 (out of 5). The most frequently reported barrier to teaching nursing informatics (n = 9) was lack of awareness of the importance of nursing informatics. Training and educational opportunities was the most requested additional support. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing informatics education has increased during the last decade in Korea. However, the proportions of faculty with degrees in nursing informatics and number of schools offering nursing informatics courses have not increased much. Thus, a greater focus is needed on training faculty and developing the courses.
Competency-Based Education ; Education* ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Information Systems ; Korea* ; Nursing Education Research ; Nursing Informatics* ; Nursing* ; Postal Service ; Schools, Nursing ; Tail