Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of self made Qinchai Kangdu mixture for treatment of infantile EB virus (EBV) infectious mononucleosis and explore its potential mechanism. Methods A prospective study was conducted. One hundred and twenty children with pediatric EBV infectious mononucleosis and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome of flaring heat in Qifen and Yingfen in Wuhan Children Hospital were randomly divided into observation group and control group (each, 60 cases). Conventional western medical treatment was given to the two groups for 7-10 days;the observation group was additionally given Qinchai Kangdu mixture which included the following ingredients:Scutellariae Radix 10 g, Bupleuri Radix 10 g, Artemisiae Annuae Herba 10 g, Forsythiae Fructus 20 g, Arctii Fructus 10 g, Paeoniae Radix Rubra 10 g, Cinnamomi Ramulus 6 g, Moutan Cortex 10 g, Trionycis Carapax 10 g, Isatidis Radix 20 g, Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium 10 g, Glycyrrhizae Radix 10 g, orally, once daily for 7-10 days. The times of returning to normal for clinical symptoms and signs, white blood cell count (WBC), peripheral blood abnormal lymphocyte ratio and the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were observed in the two groups. And the clinical efficacy, changes in score of TCM syndrome and adverse reactions were also investigated in the two groups. Results The total effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [93.33%(56/60) vs. 76.67%(46/60), P<0.05]. In observation group, the duration of fever (days:6.9±2.3 vs. 7.7±3.4), and the recovery times to normal for body temperature (days:2.9±1.4 vs. 4.8±1.7), angina (days:7.2±3.3 vs. 8.0±3.2), lymph node reduction in size (days: 6.6±2.1 vs. 10.2±2.0), enlarged liver bounce back in size (days: 7.8±1.7 vs. 9.6±2.0), WBC (days:7.22±1.78 vs. 10.67±1.97), peripheral blood abnormal lymphocyte ratio (days:7.24±1.86 vs. 11.15±1.65), and ALT (days:8.44±1.83 vs. 11.43±2.65) were all significantly shorter than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). No adverse reactions occurred in the therapeutic course in the two groups. Conclusions Qinchai Kangdu mixture can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of infantile EBV infectious mononucleosis with TCM syndrome of flaring heat in Qifen and Yingfen. The mixture may also promote the enlarged liver and spleen to contract in size at early stage and peripheral blood abnormal lymphocyte ratio and other laboratory indexes return to normal in time.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Linda mixture self made by combination of disease with syndrome pattern for treatment of neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis disease caused by Citrin defects (NICCD) and to provide an experience in early diagnosis and treatment of NICCD.Methods The clinical features of 20 patients with NICCD was confirmed by NICCD common genetic loci detection during hospitalization admitted to the Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine in Wuhan Children Hospital from June 2012 to June 2015 were retrospectively analysed.The clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine Linda mixture for treatment of NICCD,before and after treatment,the index changes of liver function and coagulation function were observed and Color Doppler ultrasound was used to detect the situation of hepatosplenomegaly in the patients.Results There were 20 cases all their pathological jaundice occurring within 3 months old,after treatment,15 cases of them obtained clinical recovery and 5 cases were getting better,the average length of stay in hospital was (14.67 ± 1.56) days.After the treatment,the levels of serum total bilirubin (TBil),direct bilirubin (DBil),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),total bile acid (TBA) were markedly lower compared with those before treatment [TBil (μmol/L):64.0 ± 39.5 vs.173.5 ± 54.1,DBil (μmol/L):37.7±24.8 vs.80.9±46.4,ALT (U/L):42.1±25.8 vs.55.0±32.2,TBA (μnol/L):67.5±20.3 vs.195.0±61.3,all P ＜ 0.05],albumin (Alb) and total albumin (GLB) were significantly higher compared with those before treatment [Alb (U/L):37.9 ± 4.7 vs.33.1 ± 4.7,GLB (g/L):17.3 ± 4.0 vs.14.6 ± 2.8,both P ＜ 0.05],activated partial thromboplastin time (AP'TT) of coagulation function was significantly reduced (s:38.2± 8.3 vs.63.1±24.0,P ＜ 0.05).Color Doppler ultrasound examination showed that hepatosplenomegaly was shrunk after treatment [hepatomegaly (cm):2.12 ± 0.70 vs.3.04 ± 0.25,splenomegaly (cm):0.25 ± 0.03 vs.0.58 ± 0.32,both P ＜ 0.05].After 1 month of follow up,the infants' body weights were almost normal,the average increase in weight being (1.01±0.32) kg,the color and frequency of stool were distinctly better compared with those before treatment,the stool color in 15 cases was golden,pale yellow in 5 cases and no one,pottery clay in color.The stool frequencies of 18 cases were kept under 5 times,and fatty diarrhea situation was ameliorated.Conclusion Using Chinese medicine for treatment of NICCD can obtain significant clinical effects.

Objective To elevate the achievement rate of kidney biopsy puncture through the analysis of puncture angle choice of ultrasound guided automatic kidney biopsy in 518 patients. Methods Under the guidance of color Doppler ultrasound,using the 3.5MHz probe with probe holder,we performed kidney biopsy in the degrees of 40°(group X),45°(group Y),60°(group Z) and 70°(group P) with the horizontal plane. Resnlts The total achievement ratio is 100 %. The one time success rate in group Y and group Z is 100 % (group Y, 164/164 ; group Z, 186/186) ;group X is 4.8% (22/46) ;group P is 84.4% (103/122).Conclusion The automatic kidney biopsy an- gle under the guidance of ultrasound should be between 45° and 60° with the horizontal plane which is safe and has higher achievement ratio. In the meantime, complications can be avoided.

Objective:To explore the related factors affecting the prognosis of children with parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC).Methods:Twenty children with PNAC admitted to Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 2014 to December 2020 were selected as research objects by retrospective study. According to prognosis, children were divided into good (15 cases) and poor prognosis group (5 cases). Clinical data such as general condition, intravenous nutrition duration, related biochemical examination indexes and main treatment methods of children in the two groups were collected. Spearman correlation analysis was used to quantify the correlation between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and poor prognosis. Univariate analysis was used to analyze the risk factors affecting the prognosis of children with PNAC, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of ALT on the prognosis of children.Results:There were no significant differences in gender, body weight, gestational age, age, feeding mode, duration of intravenous nutrition, direct bilirubin (DBil), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), total protein (TP), serum albumin (Alb), globulin (GLB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), platelet count (PLT), white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), lymphocyte count (LYM), urine culture, AST/PLT ratio (APRI) and main treatment methods between the two groups. Total bilirubin (TBil), ALT, neutrophil count (NEU) and monocyte count (MONO) in the good prognosis group were significantly lower than those in the poor prognosis group [TBil (μmol/L): 120.00±48.63 vs. 175.26±29.14, ALT (U/L): 73.25±44.29 vs. 145.30±74.33, NEU (×10 9/L): 2.55±1.29 vs. 5.08±4.10, MONO (×10 9/L): 1.23±0.87 vs. 2.13±0.60, all P < 0.05]. Logistic regression analysis showed that ALT was the risk factor affecting the prognosis of children with PNAC, when ALT increased by 1 U/L, the probability of poor prognosis increased by 3.6% [odds ratio ( OR) = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.00-1.07, P = 0.04]. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the incidence of poor prognosis was positively correlated with ALT ( r = 0.49, P = 0.03). ROC analysis showed that ALT had certain predictive value for the prognosis of children with PNAC [area under ROC cure (AUC) = 0.83, 95% CI was 0.00-1.00, P = 0.03]; when the cut-off value was 121.50 U/L, its sensitivity was 80% and specificity was 93%, suggesting that ALT could be used as the main indicator for clinical prediction of poor prognosis for PNAC. Conclusion:ALT is an independent risk factor of poor prognosis in children with PNAC.

Objective To observe the influences on prognoses and airway acid and base levels while using anti-inflammatory and anti-reflux therapies combined with "Hezhong Fuzheng massage" for treatment of infants with gastric volvulus (GV) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER)-induced pneumonia in order to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment of such infant disease. Methods Sixty infants 1-6 months old admitted to the Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Wuhan Children's Hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were diagnosed as pneumonia combined with GV and GER by the chest radiograph and radiography of upper gastrointestinal tract (UGT) with iodine, and according to difference in diagnostic methods, they were divided into an observation 1 group (30 cases) and an observation 2 group (30 cases). In observation 1 group, 24-hour pH value in upper digestive tract especially the distal esophagus was dynamically monitored, while in observation 2 group, 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) combined with pH monitoring of esophagus was carried out. Furthermore, two control groups were set up, each 30 cases; after radiography of the UGT with iodine, the control 1 group was diagnosed as GV and GER without pneumonia and control 2 group was diagnosed as only simple GV. Treatment of infant pneumonia was carried out in accordance with the guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in children; the treatment of GV and GER included postural, dietary, prokinetic and Hezhong Fuzheng massage [acupoint selection and massage was undertaken in 5 steps: push from the palmar crease to Banmen (rectilinear pushing manipulation) 300 times, push abdominal Yin and Yang (finger-pushing massage) 200 times, palpate the abdomen (clockwise) 100 times, poking of Tianshu 100 times, poke alternately bilateral Zusanli 100 times. Once-daily massage, (15±2) minutes each time, for consecutive 7 days]. The results of pH monitoring of the distal esophagus in observation 1 group was recorded; All GER data concerning pH monitoring of observation 2 group and the results of esophagus multi-channel intra-luminal impedance combined with pH monitoring in control group were compared. After 7 days of continuous treatment, the clinical efficacy of pneumonia and GV, hospitalization time, prognosis and the changes of sputum pH before and after treatment in the two observation groups were compared. Results In two observation groups, the main type of 60 cases with GV was organoaxial volvulus, accounting for 91.67% (55 cases), and more than 60% patients exhibited sputum pH <7.0. The distal esophagus 24-hour pH dynamic monitoring in observation 1 group showed that there were 26 cases with acid reflux (86.67%), 4 cases with GER negative (13.33%), the proportion of pH < 4 in GER negative patients was significantly lower than that in moderate acid reflux patients [3.35% (0.77% - 8.08%) vs. 26.23% (15.19% - 42.87%), P < 0.05], the number of long reflux (> 5 minutes) in GER negative patients was significantly reduced than that in mild acid reflux patients [times: 2 (0-5) vs. 7 (2-15), P < 0.05], the longest time of reflux in GER negative patients was significantly shorter than that in either mild or moderate acid reflux patients [minutes: 5.9 (2.5-10.0) vs. 19.2 (5.9-51.0), 41.6 (16.9-121.0), both P < 0.05]. The 24-hour MII-pH monitoring of esophagus in observation 2 group showed that there were 30 cases with pathological reflux, mainly mild acid reflux accounting for 90%, in which the percentage of proximal reflux events was 46.07% in the total reflux events. The numbers of acid reflux and proximal reflux in the observation 2 group were significantly higher than those in the control 1 and 2 groups [1 305 (37.72%) vs. 795 (25.69%) and 136 (18.89%), 1 594 (46.07%) vs. 687 (22.20%) and 154 (21.39%), both P < 0.05]; there were no significant differences in total effective rate (100% vs. 100%, P > 0.05) and hospitalization time (days: 7.58±1.09 vs. 7.67±1.12, P > 0.05) between the two observation groups. Conclusions For the diagnosis of infant pneumonia combined with GV and GER, the first selection of chest radiograph and radiography of the UGT with iodine can identify the severity of pneumonia, whether it is complicated with GV and its classification, and whether GER exists at the same time. The estimation of 24-hour pH dynamic monitoring of the acid reflux in the upper digestive tract especially the distal esophagus is consistent with that of the 24-hour MII-PH monitoring of esophagus. Moreover, 24-hour MII-PH monitoring of esophagus can also identify non-acid reflux, resulting in the GER diagnosis more accurate. Since the proximal reflux ratio of infants with GV combined with GER and pneumonia is relatively high and easy to cause cough and aspiration. attention should be paid on early diagnosis and timely intervention to such patients. The sputum acidity test can reflect the airway acid-base level and its manipulation is simple, so by that the real time disease situation can be estimated, and aspiration of sputum also can help the treatment. The therapeutic schedule formulated by our group can elevate the therapeutic effect, improve the airway acid-base environment and benefit prognosis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibacterial activities of flavaspidic acid BB against the main pathogens of skin and soft tissue infections such as methicillin -resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA）and methicillin -sensitive Staphylococcus aureus （MSSA） in vitro and in vivo . METHODS Microdilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration（MIC）and minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC）of flavaspidic acid BB on 10 strains of MRSA and 13 strains of MSSA ；time-kill curves of MRSA 11 and MSSA 23 strains were drawn by plate method ；the checkerboard dilution method was used to determine the combined antibacterial effect of flavaspidic acid BB and mupirocin ；the skin abscess model of mice was established to evaluate the antibacterial effects of 0.5%，1%，2% flavaspidic acid BB cream on MRSA 11 or MSSA 23 strains in vivo；scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the effects of flavaspidic acid BB on the morphology of MRSA 11 or MSSA23 strains. The contents of nucleic acid leakage and extracellular protein were also determined . RESULTS MIC and MBC ranges of flavaspidic acid BB against 10 strains of MRSA were 6.30-80.00 μg/mL and 40.00-640.00 μg/mL；MIC and MBC ranges of 13 strains of MSSA were 40.00-80.00 μg/mL and 63.50-126.99 μg/mL，respectively. The bactericidal rate of MRSA 11 and MSSA23 strains were 99.9% after interfered with plavaspidic acid BB for 36 h. The combination of flavaspidic acid BB and mupirocin showed an additive effect on MRSA strain and an additive or synergistic effect on MSSA strain . The 0.5%，1% and 2% flavaspidic acid BB cream could reduce the volume of abscess and the bacterial load of skin abscess model mice to some extent （P＜0.05），and improved the pathological changes of skin inflammation in skin abscess site of mice . Flavaspidic acid BB could make MRSA 11 and MSSA 23 cells shrinkage and rupture ，and significantly increase the contents of nucleic acid leakage and extracellular protein （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Flavaspidicacid BB shows good antibacterial effect on MRSA and MSSAE-mail：tchp66@163.com in vitro and in vivo ，the mechanism of which may be related to the change of membrane permeability .