The nature of immunoresponse is to protect of body from antigens, but excessive immunoresponse leads harmful and serious effects for body. The communosuppressive drugs were effective in the treatment of patients with renal transplantation, primary nephritic syndrome and pyelonephritis. However, the drugs cause many side and adverse effects such as infection. It should monitor clinical manifestations and examine periodical blood during the treatment to reduce the dose or interruption of the treatment.
Suppressor Factors, Immunologic ; Kidney Transplantation

Our previous work demonstrated that under the conditions of restraint stress and under the control of central nervous system (CNS), an immune suppressive protein of stress (ISPS) was generated in peripheral lymph tissue and released into the blood stream, acting as an immune suppressor. In the present work, a protein similar to ISPS was found in human tonsil (a peripheral lymph tissue). Human tonsil was homogenized and the extract was prepared. It was found that lymphocyte proliferation was significantly suppressed by the extract. The suppression induced by the extract was partially reversed by the monoclonal antibody against ISPS (2C4). In ELISA test, the extract was able to bind to the monoclonal antibody. By immunohistochemistry, many ISPS positive cells were found in human tonsil. The ISPS positive cells were also found in human lymph nodes. Taken together, all the results demonstrate that a protein similar to ISPS may exist in human peripheral lymphoid tissue.
Animals ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Palatine Tonsil ; chemistry ; cytology ; Restraint, Physical ; Suppressor Factors, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; Tissue Extracts ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo explore progesterone-induced blocking factor (PIBF) expression in the placenta and blood of patients with severe preeclampsia and its relationship with immune tolerance imbalance.

METHODSForty-seven patients admitted between January and December, 2012 were enrolled in this study, including 25 patients with early-onset severe preeclampsia (EOPE) and 22 with late-onset severe preeclampsia (LOPE), with 25 women with normal pregnancy serving as control group. The antenatal blood and postpartum placenta were collected for immunohistochemical staining to detect PIBF expression in the placenta and for testing serum PIBF level using ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of circulating Th1 and Th2 cells and the Th1/Th2 ratio was calculated.

RESULTSPIBF was expressed in decidual cells, syncytiotrophoblasts and partial cytotrophablasts. The serum PIBF levels were 213.58 ± 44.93 ng/ml in EOPE group, 243.00∓61.19 ng/ml in LOPE group and 273.91 ± 48.57 ng/ml in control group. There were significant differences in serum PIBF, blood Th1/Th2 and placenta PIBF-IOD among the 3 groups (P<0.05). EOPE group had significantly lower serum PIBF, lower llacental PIBF quantity (PIBF-IOD) and higher blood Th1/Th2 than the control group (P<0.05). Serum PIBF in women with severe preeclampsia was positively correlated with placenta PIBF-IOD and negatively with blood Th1/Th2 ratio (P<0.05), but a negative correlation between serum PIBF and 24-hour urinary protein was found only in EOPE group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe immune tolerance imbalance mediated by PIBF may participate in the pathogenesis of severe preeclampsia. PIBF, the immune suppressor secreted by lymphocytes of pregnancy women, is also a protective factor against severe preeclampsia, which is expected to be a new target in therapy.

Case-Control Studies ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Tolerance ; Placenta ; metabolism ; Pre-Eclampsia ; immunology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Proteins ; blood ; metabolism ; Suppressor Factors, Immunologic ; blood ; metabolism ; Th1-Th2 Balance