The solid dispersion system (SDA) of dihydroartemisinine (DHA) with PEG 400, PEG 1540, PEG 4000, PEG 6000 and Tween 20, cremophor EL, PEG 400 stearate as cocarrier were prepared. the experimental results showed that the release rate of DHA from suppository base was greater than the semi-synthetic triglyceride base and the physico-mixture
Sesquiterpenes ; Suppositories

No abstract available.
Dinoprostone* ; Suppositories*

No abstract available.
Dinoprostone* ; Membranes* ; Rupture* ; Suppositories*

The treatment for constipation should be individualized and dependent on the cause, coexisting morbidities, and patient's cognitive status. Although most cases of constipation respond to conservative treatment, including dietary and life-style changes, or mild laxatives, some patients still complain of consistent symptoms and need an assessment of defecatory dysfunction. There is insufficient evidence to support the use of enemas in chronic constipation, although many clinicians and patients find them useful and effective for the treatment of fecal impaction when used with other modalities. In addition, suppositories can be considered as an initial trial for the treatment of defecatory dysfunction, since they help to initiate or facilitate rectal evacuation. The routine use of enemas is typically discouraged, especially sodium phosphate enemas, although tap-water enemas seem safe for more regular use. Soapsuds enemas are not recommended due to possible rectal mucosal damage.
Constipation* ; Enema* ; Fecal Impaction ; Humans ; Laxatives ; Sodium ; Suppositories*

Sensitization to Cenasert®, a broad spectrum antimicrobial for the treatment of leukorrhea, is rare. Perineal contact dermatitis due to vaginal suppositories has never been reported in the medical literature. We report a 31-year-old woman, who developed perineal skin eruptions following the treatment of leukorrhea with Cenasert® vaginal suppositories. Patch tests showed positive reactions to Cenasert® suppositories and to the three active ingredients of Cenasert®. Vaginal suppositories can sensitize not only the vagina but also the surrounding perineum due to leakage of the allergen from the vaginal vault.
Adult ; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact* ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Female ; Humans ; Leukorrhea ; Patch Tests ; Perineum ; Skin ; Suppositories* ; Vagina

PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of cinedefecography (CD), anal electromyography (EMG), and anal manometry (ARM) for the diagnosis of non-relaxing puborectalis syndrome (NRPR) and to compare the outcomes for patients after biofeedback therapy (BF). METHODS: The clinical criteria used in this study for NRPR included straining, incomplete evacuation, tenesmus, and the need for enemas, suppositories, or digitation. Patients who satisfied the clinical criteria were evaluated by use of anorectal physiology tests: CD, EMG, and ARM. The EMG criteria included failure to achieve a significant decrease in the electrical activity of the puborectalis (PR) during attempted evacuation. The ARM criteria included failure to achieve a significant decrease in intra-anal pressure during attempted evacuation. The CD criteria included either paradoxical contraction or failure of the PR to relax together with incomplete evacuation. Other possible etiologies for incomplete evacuation, such as rectal intussusception or rectocele, were excluded in all cases. Fifty-eight constipated patients diagnosed as having NRPR by at least one of anorectal physiolosic tests had more than one BF session. The outcomes for fifty-one patients (mean age, 44.8 years; male-to-female ratio, 22:29) were reported as either improved or unimproved at a mean follow-up of 12.7 (range, 2~30) months. The sensitivities, the specificities, and the positive and negative predictive values for the CD, EMG, and ARM diagnoses of NRPR were calculated to assess the diagnostic accuracy of each test and to identify predictors associated with the outcome of BF. RESULTS: The sensitivities of EMG, CD, and ARM were 96%, 89%, and 85%, respectively (P>0.05). The positive predictive values of the three tests were 63% for EMG, 52% for ARM, and 51% for CD (P>0.05). The negative predictive values of the three tests were 90% for EMG, 43% for ARM, and 25% for CD (P<0.05). The specificities of the three tests were 38% for EMG, 13% for ARM, and 2% for CD (P<0.05). The positive predictive values the two-study-positive groups and the three-study-positive group were 63% for the EMG- and ARM-positive group, 61% for the CD- and EMG-positive group, 51% for the CD- and ARM-positive group, and 61% for the three-study- positive group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A combination of the CD and the EMG tests is suggested for the diagnosis of NRPR.
Arm ; Biofeedback, Psychology ; Diagnosis* ; Electromyography ; Enema ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intussusception ; Manometry ; Physiology ; Rectocele ; Suppositories

Hemorrhoids are the most common anorectal complaint, and approximately 10 to 20 percent of patients with symptomatic hemorrhoids require surgery. Symptoms of hemorrhoids, such as painless rectal bleeding, tissue protrusion and mucous discharge, vary. The traditional therapeutic strategies of medicine include surgical, as well as non-surgical, treatment. To alleviate symptoms caused by hemorrhoids, oral treatments, such as fiber, suppositories and Sitz baths have been applied to patients. Other non-surgical treatments, such as infrared photocoagulation, injection sclerotherapy and rubber band ligation have been used to fixate the hemorrhoid's cushion. If non-surgical treatment has no effect, surgical treatments, such as a hemorrhoidectomy, procedure for prolapsed hemorrhoids, and transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization are used.
Baths ; Hemorrhage ; Hemorrhoidectomy ; Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Ligation ; Light Coagulation ; Rubber ; Sclerotherapy ; Suppositories ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to determine the usefulness of transvaginal ultrasonographic assessment of the uterine cervix and to compare the diagnostic performance of ultrasonographic and digital examination of the cervix in predicting a successful induction of labor. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred-one singleton term pregnancies without ruptured membranes admitted for the labor induction were included in this study. Digital examination and transvaginal ultrasonography of the uterine cervix were performed at the time of admission. Cervical parameters evaluated included cervical length, presence of funneling, funnel length, and funnel width. Labor induction was underwent by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) vaginal suppository and/or pitocin intravenous infusion. Outcome variable was a successful labor induction within 48 hours after beginning of the induction. RESULTS: The prevalence of induction failure was 10.9% (11/101). Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve and multiple logistic regression analysis indicated a significant relationship between the successful induction of labor and cervical length <3.1 cm. The diagnositic indices of endocervical length was superior to those of Bishop's cervical score in predicting a successful induction of labor. In patients with cervical length <3.1 cm, the labor was induced successfully with fewer tablets of PGE2, less use of pitocin infusion, and shorter induction-delivery interval. CONCLUSION: Transvaginal ultrasonographical examination of the uterine cervix is more accurate than digital examination of the cervix in the prediction of a successful induction of labor in term gestation.
Cervix Uteri* ; Dinoprostone ; Female ; Humans ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Logistic Models ; Membranes ; Oxytocin ; Pregnancy* ; Prevalence ; Suppositories ; Tablets ; Ultrasonography

OBJECTIVE: This randomized, single-blind, two-arm controlled study compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of an intravaginal suppository preparation containing metronidazole 750mg + miconazole 200mg (Neopenotran Forte) with another vaginal preparation containing metronidazole 500 mg + nystatin 10000 IU (Flagystatin) in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis (BV), candidal and trichomonial vulvovaginitis (CVV, TV), mixed vaginitis and in the prevention of secondary candidal vulvovaginitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Women ages 18-45 years with chief complaints of abnormal vaginal discharge or vaginal/vulvar itching were examined and microbiologic confirmation of BV, VVC, TV or mixed infection was made. They were then randomly assigned to receive either treatment once daily (nightly) for 7 days. A total of 261 subjects had evaluable clinical and microbiological findings at the end of the study. Test of cure by Amsel criteria and Nugent score were performed twice after treatment.

RESULTS: The overall test revealed that microbiological cure rate is significantly different between the two treatment groups.

CONCLUSION: The odds of being cured microbiologically is 2.35 times more in the metronidazole 750mg + miconazole nitrate 200mg group compared to the metronidazole 500 mg + nystatin 10000 IU group. However, no significant difference in the clinical cure between the two groups was found. Both drugs are safe and convenient to use.

To study the bioequivalence of a kind of progesterone sustained release suppository, a randomized cross-over study was conducted in 12 rabbits. A single rectal dose of 2.75 mg/kg progesterone sustained released suppository (tested formulation, T) and progesterone suppository (reference formulation, R) was administered; a multiple dose of 2.75 mg/kg was given up to seven times with an interval of 8 h. Concentrations in serum were determined by a competitive enzyme immunoassay. The main parameters of T were: for single and multiple doses, Cmax was 48.8 +/- 11.8 ng/mL and 43.5 +/- 9.4 ng/mL, Tmax was 0.5 +/- 0.3 h and 0.4 +/- 0.3 h, AUC(0-24 h) was 362.4 +/- 143 ng x h x mL(-1) and 310.6 +/- 70.3 ng x h x mL(-1), respectively. The relative bioavailability of T to R were (104.2 +/- 13.4)% and (111.4 +/- 19.1)%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that the two formulations were bioequivalent and T had sustained released feature.
Administration, Rectal ; Biological Availability ; Cross-Over Studies ; Progesterone/administration & dosage ; Progesterone/*pharmacokinetics ; Random Allocation ; Suppositories