No abstract available.
Fertilization in Vitro* ; Superovulation*

A retrospective study on 181 intrauterine insemination (IUI) cases using Aromatase (Al) in superovulation protocols treated in Tu Du hospital from August to December 2003. Daily doses of Anastrozole and Letrozole were 2mg and 2,5mg, respectively. All were used single or combined with FSH for superovulation. Results: Clinical pregnancy rates of cycles using Anastrozole, Letrozole, Anastrozole+FSH, and Letrozole+FSH were 18,8%, 22,8%, 26% and 29,3% respectively. Clinical pregnancy rates were not significantly different among cycles using Anastrozole and Letrozole. Stimulation duration were longer in cycles with Anastrozole than those with Letrozole. No adverse effect was recorded during the stimulation duration
Aromatase Inhibitors ; superovulation ; Insemination

No abstract available.
Estradiol* ; Female ; Menstrual Cycle* ; Superovulation*

This paper reports a case of super pregnancy in a BALB/c mouse pregnant with 30 pups following induction of superovulation using a PMSG-hCG protocol. Superovulation was induced in 10 mice by injecting 5 IU PMSG followed by 5 IU hCG 48 hours later. Immediately after injection of hCG, animals were placed with males at a ratio of 1 to 1 for 24 hours. On day 14 after mating, animals were killed by cervical dislocation and the uterus was examined for pregnancy and the number of fetuses. The mean (±SEM) number of fetuses observed in ten mice was 5.4±3.18 with an unexpectedly super pregnant mouse bearing 30 fetuses on day 14 of pregnancy.
Animals ; Dislocations ; Fetus ; Humans ; Male ; Mice* ; Pregnancy* ; Superovulation ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Chorionic Gonadotropin* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins* ; Humans* ; Progesterone* ; Superovulation*

No abstract available.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone* ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Humans ; Superovulation*

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to estimate the efficacy of GnRH antagonist (cetrorelix) protocol in poor responders comparing with GnRH agonist protocol. METHODS: This study included 43 cycles of 38 patients who were defined as poor responders on previous consecutive two and more superovulation cycles. The study group consisted of 20 cycles of 18 poor responders treated with cetrorelix according to single dose protocol with clomiphene citrate, who were compared with 23 cycles of 20 poor responders (control group) stimulated according to GnRH agonist flare up protocol. RESULTS: Although the use of GnRH antagonist with clomiphene citrate gave a pregnancy rate of 15% which was in the range expected for patients with poor response, the study group had higher E2 level on hCG day (1246.5 +/- 89.4 vs 644.7 +/- 34.8 pg/ml) with higher number of mature oocytes (7.8 +/- 1.3 vs 4.3 +/- 0.5), and length of stimulation (15.5 +/- 1.4 vs 19.4 +/- 2.6 days), number of hMG ampules administered (19.4 +/- 3.2 vs 45.4 +/- 5.9 ampules), and cancellation rate (35.0 vs 47.8%) were significantly lower in the cetrorelix group. Although it was not statistically significant between two groups, the pregnancy rate (15 vs 8.6%) showed higher tendency in cetrorelix group. CONCLUSION: The use of GnRH antagonist cetrorelix ended with significantly more mature oocytes, less ampules of gonadotropin, shorter duration of stimulation and lower cancellation rate in this study. So the GnRH antagonist protocol may be an alternative protocol for the treatment of poor responders.
Clomiphene ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Oocytes ; Pregnancy Rate ; Superovulation

OBJECTIVE: To find out the optimal freezing time in terms of developmental stage of mouse embryo and the effectiveness of vitrification method for freezing them. METHODS: Superovulation induction was performed using PMSG and hCG. Total 1,437 mouse embryos (vitrification group: 743, slow-freezing group: 694) were obtained and cultured with the T6 containing 0.4% BSA medium. Each developmental stage of embryos (1-, 2-, 4-, 8-cell, morula and blastocyst) were cryopreserved by vitrification and also by slow freezing method for comparison of the results. After thawing, the recovery rate, the survival rate and the blastocyst developmental rate were analysed and compared in two different settings. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The survival and developmental rates at all subgroups of vitrification method are significantly higher than those of slow-freezing groups, but not in the recovery rates. In vitrification group, the survival rate and the blastocyst developmental rate are highest when frozen at morula stage, 98.4% and 86.4%, respectively. In slow-freezing group, the survival rate is also highest when frozen at morula stage, 87.2%, and the blastocyst developmental rate is highest when frozen at 8-cell stage, 78.1%. CONCLUSION: The vitrification method is more efficient for mouse embryo freezing compared with slow freezing one. Among various developmental stages of mouse embryos, morula stage seems to be the optimal stage for cryopreservation, whatever the freezing method applied. Therefore, we recommend embryo freezing at morula stage by vitrification method.
Animals ; Blastocyst ; Cryopreservation ; Embryonic Structures* ; Freezing ; Mice* ; Morula ; Superovulation ; Survival Rate ; Vitrification*

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficiency of superovulation with intrauterine insemination (IUI) in infertile patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two cycles of superovulation with IUI in 48 infertile couples in which gonadotrophins were used for hyperstimulation were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Overall clinical pregnancy rate was 33.3% per cycle and 45.8% per patient. By the infertility factor, patients with endometriosis showed the lowest pregnancy rate (10%). Cumulative pregnancy rate (CPR), obtained by life-table analysis, increased as the number of cycles increased: 25.0% for one cycle, 33.3% for two cycle, 40% for three cycle and 50% for more than four cycle. CONCLUSIONS: Superovulation with IUI is an effective treatment modality in patients with subfecundity, and is worth while trying prior to in vitro fertilization procedure in those patients.
Endometriosis ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Fertility ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Humans ; Infertility ; Insemination* ; Pregnancy Rate* ; Pregnancy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Superovulation*

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate whether serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) measured at ovulation triggering day reflect ovarian response in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles. METHODS: Forty-nine infertile women who undergoing superovulation and IUI were included. Superovulation was performed using clomiphene citrate (100 mg/d on day 3~7) in combination with human menopausal gonadotropin (150 IU every other day starting on day 5). Serum samples were obtained on the day of hCG administration and the levels of VEGF-A and estradiol were measured. The numbers of mature follicle > or =17 mm in diameter were also counted. RESULTS: Serum VEGF-A levels did not correlate with the numbers of mature follicle count nor serum estradiol levels. Serum estradiol level was positively associated with mature follicle count. Serum VEGF-A levels tended to be lower in women with mature follicle count less than three or women with more than five. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that serum VEGF-A levels do not have an association with superovulation outcome in IUI cycles. However, a tendency of lower VEGF-A level in poor and high responder suggests that those with extreme response to superovulation may be related with abnormal angiogenesis. Further studies should be warranted in larger populations.
Clomiphene ; Estradiol ; Female ; Gonadotropins ; Humans ; Insemination* ; Ovulation* ; Superovulation ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*