Objective To observe the influence on the prognosis of the patients with severe hepatitis B in middle and later stage treated with plasma exchange or unified medicine therapy, and search the therapy methods on the middle and later stage severe hepatitis B. Methods To observe the liver function,complications and prognosis of the patients treated with plasma exchange on the basis of unified medicine therapy. To compare with that of the corresponding period patients with unified medicine therapy and analysis the clinical data with statistics methods. Results 36 cases of the plasma exchange group, 18 cases survived and 18 cases died. 32 cases of the unified medicine therapy group, 13 cases survived and 19 cases died.The survival rates between the two groups patients does not appear statistics difference;liver function index (ALT, AST, SB, ALB, TC, ChE)and PT also appear the same results in statistics. Conclusions Compare with unified medicine therapy, plasma exchange on the basis of the unified medicine therapy does not appear to improve survival rate of the patients with the middle and later stage severe hepatitis B. The prognosis of these patients determined by the liver failure extent itself.

Objective To review the diagnosis and treatment of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma with a 34cases report. Methods Thirty-four cases of extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma were retrospectively analyzed. Hypertension was observed in 27 cases. Abdominal pain was seen in 10 patients and intermittent hematuria in 2 patients. Serum and urinary catecholamine and urinary VMA were measured in 34 cases. The level of serum or urinary catecholamine elevated in 20 cases and urine VMA elevated in 24 cases. Thirty-four cases had ultrasound examination,25 cases underwent CT scan and 6 cases underwent MER scan.Results Pheochromocytomas of 12 cases were located in the renal hilum, 2 in the lower pole of the left kidney, 1 in the posterior aspect of the inferior vena cava, 3 in the interaortocaval region, 2 in the anterior aspect of the abdominal aorta, 1 in the anterior of the right common iliac artery, 1 in the hilum of the liver, 1 in the posterior o{ the pancreas, 2 in the bladder wall, 1 in the posterior of the descending colon, and 8 cases of multifoci. Twenty-two cases of extraadrenal pheochromocytoma were benign and 12 cases were malignant. Thirty cases were followed up from 6 months to 13 years. Among 27 cases with hypertension, the blood pressure of 22 patients returned to normal and 5 cases were still hypertensive. Nine cases of malignant pheochromocytoma all had tumor recurrence or metastases at one year postoperatively. Six patients died during followed-up from 6 months to 3 years, including 3 cases died of cerebral hemorrhage and 3 cases of tumor metastases. Three cases got stable with 131Ⅰ-MIBG radiotheraphy.Conclusions The accurate detecting extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma is difficult. CT scan could be reliable in localizing the lesions. Surgical resection of the tumor could be the best therapy. Patients of malignant extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma may be treated with 131Ⅰ-MIBG after surgical therapy.

Objective To explore the role of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) during renal senescence by using human TIMP-1 transgenic mice.Methods Renal histological changes of wild type mice and transgenic mice at the age of 3,12,24 months were observed by periodic acid-schiff(PAS)staining of paraffin sections.The numbers of F4/80 positive cells were detected by immunofluoreseence.The protein expressions of TIMP-1,TIMP-2,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9,MMP-2,intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),transforming growth factor?1(TGF-?1),collagenⅢand collagenⅣwere detected by Western blot.The activities of gelatinases and TIMP-1 were examined by gelatin zymography and reverse zymography respectively.Results Focal renal fibrosis was found in two genotypes with aging.At the age of 24 months,compared with wild type,in kidneys of transgenic type,the expressions and activities of gelatinases were dowregulated (MMP-2:2.08?0.20 vs.3.39?0.43;MMP-9:4.02?0.82 vs.6.72?1.40,all P＜0.05);the expressions of collagenⅢ,collagenⅣ,ICAM-1,and TGF-?1 were upragulated(0.72+0.11 vs.0.57?0.09;0.84?0.13 vs.0.6?0.11,0.72?0.12 vs.0.53?0.07; 0.69?0.12 vs.0.45?0.09,all P＜0.05),and the numbers of F4/80 positive cells were increased (18.8?4.4 vs.12.7?3.6,P＜0.05)with the upregulated expression and activity of TIMP-1(1.10?0.18 vs.0.62?0.09;50.75?7.25 vs.20.64?3.50,P＜0.05).Conclusions TIMP-1 could promote age-related renal fibrosis through enhancing inflammation reaction by ICAM-1 upregulation.

Antiviral Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; psychology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Mental Disorders ; complications ; Middle Aged

AIMTo investigate the protective effect of melatonin (MT) on lung tissues during acute lung injury (ALI) in rats and its possible mechanism.

METHODSAll rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, dexamethasone (DEX) and MT treatment group. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malonaldehyde (MDA) content of lung tissues were detected at 3, 6 and 12 h after intratracheal instillation in each group. In addition, the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were observed through immunohistochemistry staining in lung tissues.

RESULTSCompared with control group, SOD activity decreased significantly in LPS group (P < 0.01), but MPO activity,MDA content and the expression of ICAM-1 increased obviously (P < 0.01). The administration of MT and DEX mitigated above changes significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONMT possessed protective effect on lung tissues during ALI through scavenging free radicals and inhibiting the expression of ICAM-1 probably.

Acute Lung Injury ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Animals ; Antioxidants ; pharmacology ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; Melatonin ; pharmacology ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

The TCMGIS- I (Suitability evaluation geographic information system of traditional Chinese medicine producing area ) was developed and used to analyze the appropriate producing area of Phellodendron amurense in China. Taoshan county of Heilongjiang province, one of the main producing areas of the geo-authentic crude drug, was selected as the analytical basal place. The results show that besides traditional producing area in Taoshan county of Heilongjiang province, 131 counties of the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Innermongolia are also alternative areas according to the eco-soil condition that the medicinal plants needed, and the sum area are 567 989. 3 m2, the results also indicate some condign regions in Innermongolia municipality. The system is much valuable to the division of adaptive area, introduction and acclimatization of medicinal materials.
Acclimatization ; China ; Ecosystem ; Geographic Information Systems ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phellodendron ; growth & development ; physiology

BACKGROUNDKilling of targeted tumors during adoptive cell transfer therapy is associated with cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) numbers, immunophenotype, tumor-specificity, and in vivo residence time, migration, and distribution. Therefore, tracing in vivo persistence, migration, and distribution of CTLs is important for cancer immunotherapy.

METHODSOptimal staining concentration for CTL proliferation was determined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and killing efficiencies of CTLs or carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled melanoma antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CFSE-CTLs) for malignant melanoma cells in vitro were compared. Additionally, CFSE-CTLs were intravenously transfused to mice receiving B16 melanoma, and their residence time, migration, and distribution in vivo were observed by measuring fluorescence intensities of CFSE-CTLs per gram of tissue (%FI/g) in various tissues and analyzing tumor/non-tumor (T/NT) values. Anti-tumor effects of transferred CTLs and correlation between %FI/g and D-value of tumor size were analyzed.

RESULTSFive-micromolar CFSE was optimal for labeling CTLs with minimal cytotoxicity. No significant difference occurred between CTLs and CFSE-CTLs for tumor cell killing (P = 0.849) or interleukin-2 (P = 0.318) and interferon-γ (P = 0.201) levels. Distribution of CTLs in vivo varied with time. A negative correlation between %FI/g in tumors and D-value of tumor sizes by Spearman correlation analysis was observed. CTLs were recruited to and killed tumors from 6 hours to 3 days after cell infusion. CTLs were observed up to three weeks later in the tumor, liver, kidneys, and spleen; this was related to the abundant blood supply or the nature of immune organs.

CONCLUSIONSCCK-8 assay is a novel method to select optimal CFSE staining concentrations. Fluorescence intensity of transferred CTLs reflects their killing efficiency of tumors. CFSE fluorescent markers can trace in vivo CTL persistence, migration, and distribution because of its stability, long half-life, and low toxicity.

Adoptive Transfer ; Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm ; immunology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Female ; Fluoresceins ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Melanoma, Experimental ; immunology ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Staining and Labeling ; Succinimides ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology

Gastric schwannoma is a tumor originating from mesenchymal tissue. The clinical incidence is relatively rare, accounting for 6.3% of all gastric stromal tumors. The tumor is more likely to occur in the body of the stomach and usually originates from the gastric submucosal nerve. Most gastric schwannomas do not have any clinical symptoms. Imaging examination can play a diagnostic role, but the diagnosis still requires pathological examination, especially S-100 protein which is the gold standard for the diagnosis of gastric schwannomas. Gastric schwannoma usually needs to be distinguished from gastrointestinal stromal tumors and gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumors. In terms of treatment, complete surgical resection is the first choice.

Objective To analyze the HbA1c results of double heterozygotes of hemoglobin(Hb) NewYork and β-thalassemia detected by five different HbA1c detection systems,and compare the early-warning abilities of erroneous glycosylated hemoglobin results for Hb NewYork and β-thalassemia heterozygotes.Methods Peripheral blood samples from 40 patients without hemoglobinopathies with different range of HbA1c levels were collected to evaluate the consistency of the detected results.Variant Ⅱ system was used as the reference system which successfully completed NGSP Level Ⅰ laboratory certification.Variant Ⅱ Turbo 2.0 (V Ⅱ-T),Capillary 2 Flex Piercing(2FP),Primus Ultra2 (Ultra2)and Roche Modular PPI(PPI) 800 were used as the comparative systems.The HbA1 c in 2 sera from the patients with compand heterozygotes of Hb NewYork was detected by the above systems.Hemoglobin electrophoresis was performed.Gentypes of á-and β-globin genes were analyzed by GAP-PCR,hybridization and dideoxy chain termination method.Results The HbA1c values in non-hemoglobinophthy samples obtained using V Ⅱ-T 2.0,Ultra2,C2FP and PPI systems were well correlated with that of VⅡ system.The hemoglobin genotypes of the two cases of compand heterozygotes were aa/aa,βIVS-2-654/βNewYork and aa/aa,β41-42/βNewYork,respectively.The proportions of HbA were all 0 while the proportions of Hb NewYork were 93.5％ and 94.0％ respectively.The HbA1c results of the two cases detected were 4.3％ (23 mmol/mol)and 4.5％ (26 mmol/mol)by V Ⅱ,4.5 ％ (26 mmol/mol) and 4.6％ (27 mmol/mol) by VⅡ-T 2.0,no values and no values by C2FP,4.1％ (21 mmol/mol) and 4.3 ％ (23 mmol/mol) by Ultra2 and 4.2％ (22 mmol/mol) and 4.8 ％ (29 mmol/mol) by PPI systems,respectively.All the systems did not send warning for abnormal signs in profiles and results.Conclusion The five systems presented different early-warning ability for the double heterozygotes of Hb NewYork and β-thalassemia.The compand heterozygotes should theoretically not contain HbA1 c,but the systems V Ⅱ,V Ⅱ-T,Ultra2 and PPI showed detectable results of HbA1 c indicating all the four systems were not able to provide with early-warning.C2FP system did not report HbA1c result so it exhibited early-warning ability for the double heterozygote.

Digestive system malignant tumor is one of the common malignant tumors in humans,and its high morbidity and low survival rate at advanced stages bring heavy disease burden to patients,families and society.However,current tumor screening technologies are not suitable for screening in large-scale populations and long-term follow-up because of the invasiveness or complexity.Thus,liquid biopsy,which based on biomarkers such as circulating tumor DNA,circulating tumor cells,exosomes and other new biomarkers,has broad prospects for development in tumor screening.Exosome,secreted by living cells,is a type of extracellular vesicle with the lipid bilayer.Compared to other biomarkers,exosome has the advantages of high stability,wide distribution,and high quantity.The various proteins carried by exosome can reflect the characteristics of the origin cells,and exosome has important research value for the early diagnosis of tumors.This article reviews the studies of exosomal proteins as biomarkers for early diagnosis of digestive system malignant tumors in the past five years,and summarizes the characteristics and limitations of the above studies,so as to provide reference for promoting the clinical transformation of exosomal proteins.