Purpose: We investigated the effects of cold water immersion (CWI) treatment during half-time break on performance related physiological indices during second half soccer match. Methods: Twenty-two collegiate soccer players participated in the study. Subjects undertook 3 minutes head out seated with whole body immersion at 19 o C to 21 o C. Total four venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for markers of ionic regulations and inflammatory (interleukin [IL]-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α , and vascular endothelial growth factor) and immune functions (immunoglobulin [Ig] G, IgG2, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, and IgM). Results: Partial oxygen concentration and %SO 2 level was lowered in CWI. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were not significantly different between experimental groups. While there was no notable effect was shown in Na ＋ and Ca 2＋ , K ＋ concentration was higher in CWI during second half match. There were no effects in any of inflammatory and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines and Ig. Conclusion These results suggest that CWI during half time break exert positively affects in buffering capacity and promote oxygen delivery to the actively recruited skeletal muscle, possibly results in improve soccer performance during second half match.

BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is widely used for the monitoring of glycemic control in diabetes mellitus patients. Various methods are applied for the determination of HbA1c levels. Recently, a novel National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP)-certificated reagent (AutoLab HbA1c, IVD-LAB, Korea) was introduced for use in an automated chemistry analyzer. We evaluated the analytical performance of this immunoturbidimetry reagent and compared it with the ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (Variant II Turbo, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., USA) and immunoassay (Cobas Integra 800, Roche Diagnostics, Germany) methods. METHODS: Toshiba 200FR NEO (Toshiba Medical Systems Co., Japan) with the AutoLab reagent was evaluated for precision, linearity, carryover and compared with Cobas Integra and Variant II Turbo. RESULTS: Coefficients of variation (CVs) of within-run imprecision for low and high level were 1.8% and 0.7%, respectively. CVs of within-laboratory imprecision for low and high level were 2.4% and 1.0%, respectively. The linearity was excellent with R2 = 0.99 in the range of 3.05-15.50%. It was well correlated with Variant II Turbo (R=0.9904) and Cobas Integra 800 (R=0.9992). The carryover rate was 0.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The Toshiba 200FR NEO with the AutoLab reagent showed excellent precision and linearity and minimal carryover rate. It was well correlated with the other widely used methodological instruments. It may be used for the diagnosis and the treatment monitoring of diabetes.
Chromatography, Liquid ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Immunoassay

No abstract available.
Alzheimer Disease ; Eating ; Humans ; Seizures

BACKGROUND: White-matter abnormalities (WMAs) are frequently encountered on MRI conducted for the diagnosis of headache. Although many studies have suggested an association between migraine and stroke or WMAs, no definite conclusions can be drawn from these data because of confounding factors. The purpose of our study was thus to determine whether the incidence and location of WMAs in migraine differ from those in tension-type headache. METHODS: The MRI findings of 180 patients (130 with migraine and 50 with tension-type headache) under 45 years of age without vascular risk factors were reviewed. MRI findings were reviewed with respect to focal white-matter hyperintensities on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. The frequency, location, and volume of the abnormalities were measured. RESULTS: WMAs were observed in 24% of patients with migraine and 28% of those with tension-type headache (p=0.71). The number and volume of abnormalities in both groups were not different. WMAs were most frequently located in the subcortical area in both groups. The age of patients with WMAs was older than patients without abnormalities (36.4+/-7.2 vs 29.6+/-9.2, mean+/-SD; p<0.01). There was a positive correlation between patient age and the volume of WMAs (p=0.04). In the migraine group, WMAs were seen in 21% of patients with migraine without aura and in 60% of those with migraine with aura (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although the characteristics of WMAs were not different between patients with migraine and those with tension-type headache, the incidence of WMAs was significantly higher in migraine with aura. This may be extrapolated to an increased risk for stroke in patients with migraine with aura, but not in those with migraine without aura.
Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Migraine Disorders ; Migraine with Aura ; Migraine without Aura ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; Tension-Type Headache