Purpose: We investigated the effects of cold water immersion (CWI) treatment during half-time break on performance related physiological indices during second half soccer match. Methods: Twenty-two collegiate soccer players participated in the study. Subjects undertook 3 minutes head out seated with whole body immersion at 19 o C to 21 o C. Total four venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for markers of ionic regulations and inflammatory (interleukin [IL]-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α , and vascular endothelial growth factor) and immune functions (immunoglobulin [Ig] G, IgG2, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA, and IgM). Results: Partial oxygen concentration and %SO 2 level was lowered in CWI. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were not significantly different between experimental groups. While there was no notable effect was shown in Na ＋ and Ca 2＋ , K ＋ concentration was higher in CWI during second half match. There were no effects in any of inflammatory and/or anti-inflammatory cytokines and Ig. Conclusion These results suggest that CWI during half time break exert positively affects in buffering capacity and promote oxygen delivery to the actively recruited skeletal muscle, possibly results in improve soccer performance during second half match.

BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is widely used for the monitoring of glycemic control in diabetes mellitus patients. Various methods are applied for the determination of HbA1c levels. Recently, a novel National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP)-certificated reagent (AutoLab HbA1c, IVD-LAB, Korea) was introduced for use in an automated chemistry analyzer. We evaluated the analytical performance of this immunoturbidimetry reagent and compared it with the ion-exchange high performance liquid chromatography (Variant II Turbo, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., USA) and immunoassay (Cobas Integra 800, Roche Diagnostics, Germany) methods. METHODS: Toshiba 200FR NEO (Toshiba Medical Systems Co., Japan) with the AutoLab reagent was evaluated for precision, linearity, carryover and compared with Cobas Integra and Variant II Turbo. RESULTS: Coefficients of variation (CVs) of within-run imprecision for low and high level were 1.8% and 0.7%, respectively. CVs of within-laboratory imprecision for low and high level were 2.4% and 1.0%, respectively. The linearity was excellent with R2 = 0.99 in the range of 3.05-15.50%. It was well correlated with Variant II Turbo (R=0.9904) and Cobas Integra 800 (R=0.9992). The carryover rate was 0.4%. CONCLUSIONS: The Toshiba 200FR NEO with the AutoLab reagent showed excellent precision and linearity and minimal carryover rate. It was well correlated with the other widely used methodological instruments. It may be used for the diagnosis and the treatment monitoring of diabetes.
Chromatography, Liquid ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Immunoassay

The present study evaluated the anti-cancer activity of histone deacetylase (HDAC)-inhibiting CKD-581 in multiple myeloma (MM) and its pharmacological mechanisms. CKD-581 potently inhibited a broad spectrum of HDAC isozymes. It concentration-dependently inhibited proliferation of hematologic cancer cells including MM (MM.1S and RPMI8226) and T cell lymphoma (HH and MJ). It increased the expression of the dishevelled binding antagonist of β-catenin 3 (DACT3) in T cell lymphoma and MM cells, and decreased the expression of c-Myc and β-catenin in MM cells. Additionally, it enhanced phosphorylated p53, p21, cleaved caspase-3 and the subG1 population, and reversely, downregulated cyclin D1, CDK4 and the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family. Finally, administration of CKD-581 exerted a significant anti-cancer activity in MM.1S-implanted xenografts. Overall, CKD-581 shows anticancer activity via inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in hematologic malignancies. This finding is evidence of the therapeutic potential and rationale of CKD-581 for treatment of MM.

No abstract available.
Alzheimer Disease ; Eating ; Humans ; Seizures

BACKGROUND: White-matter abnormalities (WMAs) are frequently encountered on MRI conducted for the diagnosis of headache. Although many studies have suggested an association between migraine and stroke or WMAs, no definite conclusions can be drawn from these data because of confounding factors. The purpose of our study was thus to determine whether the incidence and location of WMAs in migraine differ from those in tension-type headache. METHODS: The MRI findings of 180 patients (130 with migraine and 50 with tension-type headache) under 45 years of age without vascular risk factors were reviewed. MRI findings were reviewed with respect to focal white-matter hyperintensities on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. The frequency, location, and volume of the abnormalities were measured. RESULTS: WMAs were observed in 24% of patients with migraine and 28% of those with tension-type headache (p=0.71). The number and volume of abnormalities in both groups were not different. WMAs were most frequently located in the subcortical area in both groups. The age of patients with WMAs was older than patients without abnormalities (36.4+/-7.2 vs 29.6+/-9.2, mean+/-SD; p<0.01). There was a positive correlation between patient age and the volume of WMAs (p=0.04). In the migraine group, WMAs were seen in 21% of patients with migraine without aura and in 60% of those with migraine with aura (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Although the characteristics of WMAs were not different between patients with migraine and those with tension-type headache, the incidence of WMAs was significantly higher in migraine with aura. This may be extrapolated to an increased risk for stroke in patients with migraine with aura, but not in those with migraine without aura.
Headache ; Humans ; Incidence ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Migraine Disorders ; Migraine with Aura ; Migraine without Aura ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; Tension-Type Headache

A 3-year-old girl with acute respiratory distress syndrome due to a H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection was complicated by necrotizing pneumonia was successfully treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). This is the first reported case in which a pediatric patient was rescued with ECMO during the H1N1 influenza epidemic in Korea in 2009.
Child ; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ; Humans ; Influenza, Human ; Korea ; Orthomyxoviridae ; Pneumonia ; Preschool Child ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult

PURPOSE: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has been commonly used for the treatment of intracranial germ cell tumors (IC-GCTs). However, this treatment exhibits some adverse effects such as renal problems and hearing difficulty. Carboplatin-based chemotherapy was administered to pediatric patients with IC-GCTs from August 2004 at the Samsung Medical Center. In this study, we assessed the responses and adverse effects of carboplatin-based chemotherapy in pediatric IC-GCTs patients according to the risk group, and compared the results with those of the previous cisplatin-based chemotherapy. METHODS: We examined 35 patients (27 men and 8 women) diagnosed with IC-GCTs between August 2004 and April 2008 and received risk-adapted carboplatin-based chemotherapy at the Samsung Medical Center. Patients were divided into either low-risk (LR) or high-risk (HR) groups and a retrospective analysis was performed using information from the medical records. RESULTS: Although hematological complications were common, hearing difficulties or grade 3 or 4 creatinine level elevation were not observed in patients who underwent carboplatin-based chemotherapy. The frequency of febrile neutropenia did not differ between the risk groups. The overall survival was 100% and event-free survival (EFS) was 95.7%. The EFS rate was 100% in the LR group and 90% in the HR group, respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite their common occurrence in high-risk patients, no lethal hematological complications were associated with carboplatin-based treatment. The current carboplatin-based chemotherapy protocol is safe and effective for the treatment of pediatric patients with IC-GCTs.
Carboplatin ; Creatinine ; Disease-Free Survival ; Germ Cells ; Hearing ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal ; Neutropenia ; Retrospective Studies