Purpose: Potential incompatibility (PI) between drugs infused together is frequent but under-recognized in intensive care units (ICU). This paper describes the frequency of the inappropriate coadministration of infused medications via the Y-site and identifies the most frequent and relevant drug incompatibilities in a single-center, cross-sectional observational study. Methods: This research was a retrospective cross-sectional study of 100 patients conducted between July and December 2019 in an ICU. The medical records of 100 patients in the ICU were collected, and their compatibility was assessed based on published compatibility data. Results: PI was detected in approximately 48.5% of patients (1.5 incompatibility/patient ratio). Most incompatibilities detected were classified as follows: the untested (84.4%), variable (9.7%), incompatibility (3.9%), or no data (1.9%). Acetylcysteine was the most frequent drug implied in PI. A difference was observed between the lengths of ICU and PI incidences (P=0.01). In the correlation between PI and APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II), there was a weak correlation between APACHE II and PI (r=0.283, P＜0.05). Conclusion PI is common in an ICU, with a higher prevalence of non-tested incompatibilities. The number of drugs and prescription of acetylcysteine, pantoprazole, meropenem piperacillin/tazobactam, or phytonadione are the risk factors for PI.

Despite advertised health warnings regarding the deadly hazards of smoking, many people have not heeded recommendations to quit smoking. We examined factors that affect self-rated subjective health status (SRH) scores among lifestyle, nutrient intake and biochemical parameters, and the association of SRH scores and smoking status in a large Korean adult population. Adjusted odd ratios for SRH were calculated for smoking status, selected biochemical data, and food and nutrient intake obtained using the 24-hr recall method after covariate adjustment in the 2007-2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (27,534 men and women aged > or = 20 yr). Age, sex, income, education, drinking, exercise and stress levels were associated with SRH scores, regardless of smoking status (P < 0.001). Interestingly, people in any smoking status groups considered the well-known indicators for metabolic diseases (HDL cholesterol, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase in the circulation), and the intake of fiber, total vitamins A, and vitamin C as indicators of SRH. Especially in current smokers, higher intake of nutritious food groups such as grains (OR = 1.227), vegetables (OR = 1.944), and milk (OR = 2.26) significantly increased the adjusted odds ratio of SRH. However, smoking status was not associated with SRH scores. In conclusion, SRH is affected by the indices related to health but not smoking status in Korean adults. The development of a new indicator of the direct adverse effects of smoking at regular health check-ups might be required to modulate the SRH in smokers and a nutritional education should not include the possible attenuation of adverse effects of smoking by good nutrition.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biomarkers/*blood ; Blood Glucose/*analysis ; *Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Educational Status ; Female ; Health Behavior ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Income/statistics & numerical data ; *Life Style ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Assessment ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Sex Distribution ; Smoking/*epidemiology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Young Adult

Background: Along with the increase in the elderly population, concerns about polypharmacy, which can cause medication-related problems, are increasing. This study aimed to find out the association between drug-related factors and readmission in elderly patients within 30 days after discharge. Methods: Data of patients aged ≥65 years who were discharged from the respiratory medicine ward of a tertiary hospital between January and March 2016 were retrospectively obtained. The medication regimen complexity at discharge was calculated using the medication regimen complexity index (MRCI) score, comorbidity status was assessed using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) were evaluated based on the Beer 2019 criteria, and adverse drug events (ADEs) were examined using the ADE reporting system. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of medication-related problems on hospital readmission after controlling for other variables. Results: Of the 206 patients included, 84 (40.8%) used PIMs, 31 (15%) had ADEs, and 32 (15.5%) were readmitted. The mean age, total medications, MRCI, CCI, and PIMs in the readmission group were significantly higher than those in the non-readmission group.Age significantly decreased the risk of readmission (odds ratio [OR], 0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84-0.96) after adjusting for sex, length of hospital stay, and ADEs. The use of PIMs (OR, 2.38; 95% CI, 1.10-5.16) and increased CCI (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.16-1.93) and MRCI (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.07) were associated with an increased occurrence of readmission. Conclusion PIMs were associated with a significantly greater risk for readmission than MRCI.

No abstract available.

Background: The evolving healthcare environment necessitates changes in pharmacy education to meet these demands, with problem-based learning (PBL) being a promising approach. Methods: This study employed a single-group, repeated-measures designto evaluate the effects of PBL on the communication and problem-solving skills of fifth-year pharmacy students at S University.The course, which focused on pharmacy practice and communication, included 36 students who participated in structured pre- and post-intervention surveys, as well as self-reflection journals. The primary competencies assessed were problem-solving and com-munication skills. Data collection involved quantitative measures through surveys and qualitative insights from self-reflection notes. Results: Of the 36 students, 35 completed the pre-intervention surveys, and 27 completed the post-intervention assessments. Signif-icant improvements were observed in problem-solving skills, including problem identification, information gathering, and planning.Communication skills showed overall improvement, though the differences were not statistically significant. Qualitative analysis of self-reflection notes revealed enhanced understanding of elderly patient care, increased responsibility, teamwork, and the importance of effective communication in pharmacy practice. Commonly identified themes included a heightened sense of responsibility, the importance of teamwork, and an appreciation for the multifaceted nature of pharmacy practice in elderly care. Conclusion The PBL approach effectively enhanced students' problem-solving abilities and provided valuable experiential learning in pharmacy practice.The qualitative data indicated that students gained a deeper understanding of their roles and responsibilities, fostering greater moti-vation and teamwork. Further research should focus on broader applications across different institutions to validate these findings.

Background: The evolving healthcare environment necessitates changes in pharmacy education to meet these demands, with problem-based learning (PBL) being a promising approach. Methods: This study employed a single-group, repeated-measures designto evaluate the effects of PBL on the communication and problem-solving skills of fifth-year pharmacy students at S University.The course, which focused on pharmacy practice and communication, included 36 students who participated in structured pre- and post-intervention surveys, as well as self-reflection journals. The primary competencies assessed were problem-solving and com-munication skills. Data collection involved quantitative measures through surveys and qualitative insights from self-reflection notes. Results: Of the 36 students, 35 completed the pre-intervention surveys, and 27 completed the post-intervention assessments. Signif-icant improvements were observed in problem-solving skills, including problem identification, information gathering, and planning.Communication skills showed overall improvement, though the differences were not statistically significant. Qualitative analysis of self-reflection notes revealed enhanced understanding of elderly patient care, increased responsibility, teamwork, and the importance of effective communication in pharmacy practice. Commonly identified themes included a heightened sense of responsibility, the importance of teamwork, and an appreciation for the multifaceted nature of pharmacy practice in elderly care. Conclusion The PBL approach effectively enhanced students' problem-solving abilities and provided valuable experiential learning in pharmacy practice.The qualitative data indicated that students gained a deeper understanding of their roles and responsibilities, fostering greater moti-vation and teamwork. Further research should focus on broader applications across different institutions to validate these findings.

Background: The evolving healthcare environment necessitates changes in pharmacy education to meet these demands, with problem-based learning (PBL) being a promising approach. Methods: This study employed a single-group, repeated-measures designto evaluate the effects of PBL on the communication and problem-solving skills of fifth-year pharmacy students at S University.The course, which focused on pharmacy practice and communication, included 36 students who participated in structured pre- and post-intervention surveys, as well as self-reflection journals. The primary competencies assessed were problem-solving and com-munication skills. Data collection involved quantitative measures through surveys and qualitative insights from self-reflection notes. Results: Of the 36 students, 35 completed the pre-intervention surveys, and 27 completed the post-intervention assessments. Signif-icant improvements were observed in problem-solving skills, including problem identification, information gathering, and planning.Communication skills showed overall improvement, though the differences were not statistically significant. Qualitative analysis of self-reflection notes revealed enhanced understanding of elderly patient care, increased responsibility, teamwork, and the importance of effective communication in pharmacy practice. Commonly identified themes included a heightened sense of responsibility, the importance of teamwork, and an appreciation for the multifaceted nature of pharmacy practice in elderly care. Conclusion The PBL approach effectively enhanced students' problem-solving abilities and provided valuable experiential learning in pharmacy practice.The qualitative data indicated that students gained a deeper understanding of their roles and responsibilities, fostering greater moti-vation and teamwork. Further research should focus on broader applications across different institutions to validate these findings.

Background: The evolving healthcare environment necessitates changes in pharmacy education to meet these demands, with problem-based learning (PBL) being a promising approach. Methods: This study employed a single-group, repeated-measures designto evaluate the effects of PBL on the communication and problem-solving skills of fifth-year pharmacy students at S University.The course, which focused on pharmacy practice and communication, included 36 students who participated in structured pre- and post-intervention surveys, as well as self-reflection journals. The primary competencies assessed were problem-solving and com-munication skills. Data collection involved quantitative measures through surveys and qualitative insights from self-reflection notes. Results: Of the 36 students, 35 completed the pre-intervention surveys, and 27 completed the post-intervention assessments. Signif-icant improvements were observed in problem-solving skills, including problem identification, information gathering, and planning.Communication skills showed overall improvement, though the differences were not statistically significant. Qualitative analysis of self-reflection notes revealed enhanced understanding of elderly patient care, increased responsibility, teamwork, and the importance of effective communication in pharmacy practice. Commonly identified themes included a heightened sense of responsibility, the importance of teamwork, and an appreciation for the multifaceted nature of pharmacy practice in elderly care. Conclusion The PBL approach effectively enhanced students' problem-solving abilities and provided valuable experiential learning in pharmacy practice.The qualitative data indicated that students gained a deeper understanding of their roles and responsibilities, fostering greater moti-vation and teamwork. Further research should focus on broader applications across different institutions to validate these findings.

It has come to my attention that the manuscript below contains an accidental mistake in writing the institution that approved the IRB approval.

Higher bone mineral density (BMD) at a young age, calcium intake, and exercise are important for prevention of osteoporosis later in life. We examined familial effects of BMD between mothers and children and adolescents aged 8-19 in Cheonan, Korea and the relationships between BMD and lifestyle parameters, including: food and nutrient intake and exercise. For daughters and sons, significant differences in BMD were observed at the three bone sites (total femur, femur neck, and lumbar spine) according to age, gender, body mass index, exercise, and milk consumption, compared to the reference value for each classification category. Mean differences in children's BMD were observed according to maternal BMD. Energy and calcium intake were lower in both children and mothers in comparison to the estimated daily energy requirement; however, their protein intake was much greater than the daily recommended intake. After adjusting for age and gender and for mother's age, body mass index, and total calorie intake, results of the food frequency test showed an association of a higher intake of meat, meat products, milk and milk products with greater BMD of total femur, femur neck, and lumbar spine of children. In addition, exercise was positively associated with higher BMD. Regression analysis showed a positive association of BMD with age, male gender, exercise, and mother's BMD. In conclusion, after adjustment for environmental parameters, maternal BMD had a positive influence on BMD in daughters and sons. This finding suggests that parents need to check their BMD in order to determine whether their children are at increased risk of low BMD.
Adolescent ; Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Calcium ; Child ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Korea ; Life Style ; Male ; Meat ; Meat Products ; Milk ; Mothers ; Nuclear Family ; Osteoporosis ; Parents ; Reference Values ; Spine