Since chronic diseases have emerged as a major cause of death worldwide, people has been exposed to large amounts of information on healthy eating practices that are important aspects of its prevention and management. Food literacy, the functional, interactive, and critical ability to manage dietary information with the aim of improving health, is of global interest. In South Korea (hereafter Korea), there is currently a lack of food literacy research, despite its pertinence for the development of public health policies that are tailored to recipients' ability to understand and address health and nutrition issues. In this study, the research trend and policy implications of food literacy are derived through reviewing preceding studies related to food literacy in Korea and elsewhere. Existing literature on food literacy in Korea placed much emphasis on the functional ability of food literacy. Future research on the operational definitions of interactive and critical food literacy and their health effects in Korea is necessary. In addition, there is a lack of research on the development and validation of measurement tools that evaluate integrative concepts of food literacy. To accurately examine the relationships among food literacy, diet, and health, standardized measurement tools that can comprehensively evaluate food literacy frameworks for various Korean sub-population groups should be developed. Based on such future studies, an investigation of health promotion programs or policies on reducing the cognitive burden of food literacy would contribute to improving heathy eating practices in Korea.
Cause of Death ; Chronic Disease ; Consumer Health Information ; Diet ; Eating ; Food Labeling ; Health Education ; Health Literacy ; Health Promotion ; Korea ; Literacy ; Public Health

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of etching time and bonding agents on bond strength of sealant applied to the occlusal surface of primary molars.Forty non-carious exfoliated human primary molars were included in the study. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups for measurement. For group I, no acid etching treatment was used. For group II, III, and IV, acid etching gels were applied on the occlusal surface for 15, 30, and 60 seconds, respectively. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups; one group was treated with bonding agents on the enamel while the other was not. Microtensile bond strength was evaluated using a universal testing machine.There were no statistically significant differences in bond strength with varying duration of etching among groups. The results revealed that the use of bonding agents prior to application of fissure sealant increased the bond strength(p < 0.05).It could be concluded that etching time greater than 15 seconds does not significantly enhance the bond strength, but the use of bonding agents as an intermediate layer between the primary molar and fissure sealant would be beneficial in increasing the bond strength.
Dental Enamel ; Gels ; Humans ; Molar ; Pit and Fissure Sealants ; Tooth

BACKGROUND: The risk of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) of HBV, HCV, and HIV in Korea has been reduced significantly by strengthening the blood safety policies. On the other hand, the risk of TTI still exists due to the diagnostic window period or viral variants. METHODS: The residual risks of TTI of HBV, HCV, and HIV were calculated from July 1, 2012 to June 30, 2018 by dividing the data into two year sets. The residual risk was conducted by separating the donors who donated only once and those who donated more than once during each period. RESULTS: In the first two years, the residual risks of HBV, HCV, and HIV were calculated to be 17.54/106, 0.42/106, and 0.30/106 respectively. The residual risk of HBV and HCV over the last two years was calculated to be 9.41/106 and 0.27/106, showing a tendency to decrease with time. On the other hand, the residual risk of HIV over the last two years was calculated to be 0.29/106, showing no significant difference. The residual risk in the donors who donated only once was higher than that in the donors who donated more than once during each period. CONCLUSION: The real transfusion-transmitted infection can be different from the estimated residual risk in this study because this study was based on the thesis that all NAT-reactive blood components cause infection. Because the residual risk of HBV is higher than HCV and HIV, it was considered that the safety measures for the HBV need to be improved continuously.
Blood Safety ; Hand ; HIV ; Humans ; Korea ; Tissue Donors