OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop the web-interface creator, which automatically changes the Case Report Form(CRF) web page when the protocol developer in any clinical study revises the ontology of CRF. METHODS: This study established the conceptual model of CRF on oriental and western medicine, and developed ontologies. A program was developed to produce online-based a input form through the parser that generates automatically HTML script from OWL. RESULTS: The CRF applied in this study is a draft through consensus of experts for stroke research at the Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. The ontology of CRF consisted of Label, ControlType and Value classes and hasControl, hasValue and hasSymptoms properties. The Label is the class of question items groups, so it could have CRF questionnaire instances. The ControlType is the class that expresses controls such as checkbox, text, etc in the HTML script. The Value class represents selections for each items. Finally, the HTML script was created by XSL transformation from the OWL script. CONCLUSION: Online-based automatic interface creation, which enables immediate coping with the continuous change in the medical knowledge system, assures reduced time requirement.
Consensus ; Korea ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional* ; Strigiformes ; Stroke

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder and is the most common enzyme deficiency worldwide. Although this disease is rare in Korea, its prevalence may increase due to an increase of multicultural families. Patients with this deficiency are prone to hemolytic anemia provoked by specific drugs commonly used or prescribed in pediatric dentistry. It is necessary for pediatric dentists to have accurate knowledge of a patient's medical history and to consult with a pediatric hematologist to avoid oxidative stress that can lead to hemolysis. The most effective treatment is prevention of exposure to factors that may trigger anemia. Appropriate education regarding risk factors is essential for patients diagnosed with this disease. This case report aimed to discuss the drugs and dental management methods that should be cautious in children with G6PD deficiency.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of cigarette prices on the decision to initiate and quit smoking by taking into account the interdependence of smoking and other behavioral risk factors. METHODS: The study population consisted of 3,000 male Koreans aged > or =20. A survey by telephone interview was undertaken to collect information on cigarette price, smoking and other behavioral risk factors. A two-part model was used to examine separately the effect of price on the decision to be a smoker, and on the amount of cigarettes smoked. RESULTS: The overall price elasticity of cigarettes was estimated at -0.66, with a price elasticity of -0.02 for smoking participation and -0.64 for the amount of cigarettes consumed by smokers. The inclusion of other behavioral risk factors reduced the estimated price elasticity for smoking participation substantially, but had no effect on the conditional price elasticity for the quantity of cigarettes smoked. CONCLUSIONS: From the public health and financial perspectives, an increase in cigarette price would significantly reduce smoking prevalence as well as cigarette consumption by smokers in Korea.
Adult ; *Costs and Cost Analysis ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Smoking/*economics/*prevention & control ; Social Environment ; Socioeconomic Factors ; *Tobacco

In this study, we found a new food additive as an natural herbal extracts against lipid digestion enzymes for the regulation of fatty acid absorption and weight control. The Water extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum and Solanum melongena. inhibited lipase activity and decresed serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in mouse fed lipid emulsion. Twenty three volunteers were subjected to the intake of the herbal extracts plus the egg yolk IgY that inhibit carbohydrate digestion enzymes in gut for 50 days. In average, the treated subjects appeared to lose 1.96 kg of body weight and 3.4 kg of body fat mass during the treated period. Furthermore, Panniculus adiposus and breech size were significantly decreased during the experimental period. Above results suggested that the administration of the dietary additives composed of natural herbal extract and egg yolk IgY improve the obesity by the decrement of body weight and body fat mass.
Absorption* ; Adipose Tissue ; Animals ; Body Weight ; Cholesterol ; Dietary Supplements* ; Digestion ; Egg Yolk ; Food Additives ; Lipase ; Mice ; Obesity ; Platycodon ; Solanum melongena ; Triglycerides ; Volunteers ; Water

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of ChatGPT in biological nursing science education. Methods: This study was conducted by entering questions about the field of biological nursing science into ChatGPT versions GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 and evaluating the answers. Three questions each related to microbiology and pharmacology were entered, and the generated content was analyzed to determine its applicability to the field of biological nursing science. The questions were of a level that could be presented to nursing students as written test questions. Results: The answers generated in English had 100.0% accuracy in both GPT-3.5 and GPT-4. For the sentences generated in Korean, the accuracy rate of GPT-3.5 was 62.7%, and that of GPT-4 was 100.0%. The total number of Korean sentences in GPT-3.5 was 51, while the total number of Korean sentences in GPT-4 was 68. Likewise, the total number of English sentences in GPT-3.5 was 70, while the total number of English sentences in GPT-4 was 75. This showed that even for the same Korean or English question, GPT-4 tended to be more detailed than GPT-3.5. Conclusion This study confirmed the advantages of ChatGPT as a tool to improve understanding of various complex concepts in the field of biological nursing science. However, as the answers were based on data collected up to 2021, a guideline reflecting the most up-to-date information is needed. Further research is needed to develop a reliable and valid scale to evaluate ChatGPT’s responses.

Background: Despite the autologous serum skin test (ASST)and autologous plasma skin test (APST) is widely used test accessingwhether a patient with chronic spontaneous urticaria(CSU) has autoreactivity or not, the clinician often encounterdifficulty making correlation between the test result and clinicalimplications. Objective: This study was aimed to findany clinical and laboratory findings related to the ASST andAPST response. Agreement and correlation between the twotests was also analyzed. Methods: A retrospective study wasconducted on 300 CSU patients who underwent ASST, APST.The subjects were divided into four groups according to theskin test result. Also, the degree of serum and plasma responsewas recorded. Results: Both ASST and APST positivegroup had shorter duration of the disease, higher incidenceof at least one episode of angioedema than negative group.There were no significant differences in the positivity for autoantibodiesincluding antinuclear, ds-DNA, and thyroid-relatedbetween the two groups. The predicted positive rate ofASST and APST according to age showed bimodal peak and decreasing pattern according to disease duration. Predictedpositivity of both tests declined with increase in total immunoglobulineE (IgE) level. In the correlation study, the twotests showed high correlation coefficients. Conclusion ASSTand APST positivity may be related to disease duration andseverity of CSU. The two tests showed a generally consistentresult. Autoreactivity may be gradually lost as disease continues.We suggest the autoreactivity in CSU could arise independentlyfrom IgE mediated immune process.

Although the importance of health promotion for nurses is increasing, there is a lack of meta-analyses targeting nurses in the world. This study aimed to identify the effect sizes between the health-promoting behaviors and related variables of nurses working in Korea. Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted according to the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. The literature included in this meta-analysis was published between 1994 and 2022 in core databases such as KMbase, KISS, KoreaMed, ScienceON, DBpia, NAL, RISS, CINAHL, CENTRAL, WoS, PubMed, and hand searched. In this study, the PICO-SD framework was applied with Participants being nurses actively working in various healthcare settings across Korea, and for a more comprehensive search, intervention and comparisons were not set. The outcomes measured were nurses' health-promoting behaviors, assessed using structured tools. The study design included observational studies. The Comprehensive Meta-Analysis and the R software program were used for meta-analysis. Results: In total, 50 articles were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The total effect size of the 50 articles was moderate (correlation effect size [ESr] = 0.30). The individual variables presented in the 50 articles were classified into nine sub-categories according to Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM). Among them, situational influences demonstrated the largest effect size (ESr = 0.44, number of studies [k] = 2), followed by perceived self-efficacy (ESr = 0.39, k = 10) and activity-related affect (ESr = 0.32, k = 12). Conclusions: To achieve the optimal health status of nurses through health promotion intervention programs, these effective variables – situational influences, perceived self-efficacy, and activity-related affect – should be considered when developing the intervention program for nurses.

We report the case of a 42-year-old woman who died in hospital from severe respiratory failure, 10 days after the onset of symptoms. Autopsy and microscopic examination identified features of diffuse alveolar damage in both lungs including hyaline membranes and intra-alveolar exudate. Gomori's methenamine silver stain of pink frothy materials in these exudates revealed thin-walled and cup-shaped microorganisms and a diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia was made. There were small granulomas in the pulmonary interstitium and hepatic lobules representing an unusual inflammatory reaction against Pneumocystis jirovecii. Extrapulmonary involvement with pneumocystis infection is a rare event occurring in 1% to 2% of all pneumocystis cases. Screening and confirmatory tests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) detection were positive. There was no information available regarding the patient's medical history or the possibility of HIV infection prior to the autopsy, because the patient was a foreign worker who arrived in Korea 2 months before her death. Medical examiners often perform autopsies with limited information regarding the deceased person, even when person is a Korean national. Therefore, an awareness of protection protocols during autopsy, as well as of the atypical patterns of critical diseases, is crucial.
Adult ; Autopsy* ; Coroners and Medical Examiners ; Diagnosis ; Exudates and Transudates ; Female ; Granuloma ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Korea ; Liver* ; Lung* ; Mass Screening ; Membranes ; Methenamine ; Pneumocystis Infections ; Pneumocystis jirovecii* ; Pneumocystis* ; Pneumonia* ; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis ; Respiratory Insufficiency

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among medical students' assessments on peers' group presentations, instructors' assessments of those presentations, and students' educational achievements in other assignments and tests. METHODS: A total of 101 first-year students from a medical school participated in the study. The students' educational achievements in a 4-week long integrated curriculum were analyzed. Student's final grades were comprised of the following education criteria: two written tests (60%), 15 group reports (25%), one individual report (7%), and four group presentations (15%). We compared scores of the group presentation assessed by the peers and the two instructors. Furthermore, we compared peers' assessment scores with each component of the evaluation criteria. RESULTS: Pearson correlation analysis showed significant correlaton for the assessments between peers and instructors (r=0.775, p<0.001). Peer assessment scores also correlated significantly with scores for the group assignments (r=0.777, p<0.001), final grades on the curriculum (r=0.345, p<0.001), and scores for individual assignments (r=0.334, p<0.001); however, no significant correlation was observed between the peer-assessed group presentation scores and the two written test scores. CONCLUSION: Peer assessments may be a reliable and valid method for evaluating medical students' performances in an integrated curriculum, especially if the assessments are used to academic processes, such as presentations, with explicit evaluation and judgment criteria. Peer assessments on group presentations might assess different learning domains compared to written tests that primarily evaluate limited medical knowledge and clinical reasoning.
Curriculum ; Education ; Educational Status ; Group Processes ; Humans ; Judgment ; Learning ; Methods ; Peer Review ; Schools, Medical ; Self-Evaluation Programs ; Students, Medical*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze stress distribution and maximum von Mises stress generated in intracoronal restorations and in tooth structures of mandibular molars with various types of cavity designs and materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Threedimensional solid models of mandible molar such as O inlay cavity with composite and gold (OR-C, OG-C), MO inlay cavity with composite and gold (MR-C, MG-C), and minimal invasive cavity on occlusal and proximal surfaces (OR-M, MR-M) were designed. To simulate masticatory force, static axial load with total force of 200 N was applied on the tooth at 10 occlusal contact points. A finite element analysis was performed to predict stress distribution generated by occlusal loading. RESULTS: Restorations with minimal cavity design generated significantly lower values of von Mises stress (OR-M model: 26.8 MPa; MR-M model: 72.7 MPa) compared to those with conventional cavity design (341.9 MPa to 397.2 MPa). In tooth structure, magnitudes of maximum von Mises stresses were similar among models with conventional design (372.8 – 412.9 MPa) and models with minimal cavity design (361.1 – 384.4 MPa). CONCLUSION: Minimal invasive models generated smaller maximum von Mises stresses within restorations. Within the enamel, similar maximum von Mises stresses were observed for models with minimal cavity design and those with conventional design.
Bite Force ; Dental Enamel ; Finite Element Analysis ; Inlays ; Mandible ; Molar ; Tooth