PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the reliability and validity of new clinical performance examination (CPX) for assessing clinical reasoning skills and evaluating clinical reasoning ability of the students. METHODS: Third-year medical school students (n=313) in Busan-Gyeongnam consortium in 2014 were included in the study. One of 12 stations was developed to assess clinical reasoning abilities. The scenario and checklists of the station were revised by six experts. Chief complaint of the case was rhinorrhea, accompanied by fever, headache, and vomiting. Checklists focused on identifying of the main problem and systematic approach to the problem. Students interviewed the patient and recorded subjective and objective findings, assessments, plans (SOAP) note for 15 minutes. Two professors assessed students simultaneously. We performed statistical analysis on their scores and survey. RESULTS: The Cronbach α of subject station was 0.878 and Cohen κ coefficient between graders was 0.785. Students agreed on CPX as an adequate tool to evaluate students' performance, but some graders argued that the CPX failed to secure its validity due to their lack of understanding the case. One hundred eight students (34.5%) identified essential problem early and only 58 (18.5%) performed systematic history taking and physical examination. One hundred seventy-three of them (55.3%) communicated correct diagnosis with the patient. Most of them had trouble in writing SOAP notes. CONCLUSION: To gain reliability and validity, interrater agreement should be secured. Students' clinical reasoning skills were not enough. Students need to be trained on problem identification, reasoning skills and accurate record-keeping.
Checklist ; *Clinical Competence ; Communication ; Comprehension ; *Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Educational Measurement/*standards ; Humans ; Medical History Taking ; Medical Records ; Observer Variation ; Physical Examination ; Physician-Patient Relations ; *Problem-Based Learning ; Reproducibility of Results ; Republic of Korea ; *Schools, Medical ; *Students, Medical ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Thinking ; Universities

BACKGROUND: Intraosseous lipoma is a very rare lesion that constitutes no more than 0.1% of all bone tumors. We analyzed 21 cases of intraosseous lipoma at a single institution for clinical and radiographic characteristics. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on 21 pathologically confirmed intraosseous lipomas treated in our hospital from 2000 to 2017. Simple X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging findings and medical records were reviewed. Patients' age, sex, and clinical symptoms were investigated. From the radiographic images, the site of the lesion, calcification, bony expansion, and stage of the lesion were evaluated. Correlations between the degree of involution and clinical symptoms were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 50 years (range, 20 to 67 years), and there were 13 males and eight females. The mean lesion size was 6.1 cm (range, 2.5 to 13.6 cm). The most common anatomical site of the lesion was the femur (seven cases), and three cases occurred in flat bones such as the ilium and scapula. Visual analogue scale score for pain was 3 to 6 in 15 patients. There were no complaints of functional limitation. There was no correlation between the degree of degeneration and clinical symptoms (p = 1.000). Curettage was performed as a surgical treatment in 20 patients, and bone graft was performed using a bone chip. Excision was performed in one patient. Pain was resolved in seven of 11 patients with a complaint of preoperative pain; intermittent pain remained in four cases. There was no local recurrence or malignant change during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: There was no correlation between the degree of degeneration and clinical symptoms. Pain was the most common clinical symptom, but it was rarely accompanied by functional limitation. However, it is important to distinguish it from other pain-inducing disorders. The incidence of intraosseous lipomas is low, and detection based on various imaging findings can be difficult. Clear understanding of the radiographic findings and symptoms of intraosseous lipoma is helpful for diagnosis and differentiation.
Bone Neoplasms ; Curettage ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ilium ; Incidence ; Lipoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medical Records ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Scapula ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the authenticity, acceptability, and feasibility of a hybrid station that combined a standardized patient encounter and a simulated Papanicolaou test. METHODS: We introduced a hybrid station in the routine clinical skills examination (CSE) for 335 third-year medical students at 4 universities in Korea from December 1 to December 3, 2014. After the tests, we conducted an anonymous survey on the authenticity, acceptability, and feasibility of the hybrid station. RESULTS: A total of 334 medical students and 17 professors completed the survey. A majority of the students (71.6%) and professors (82.4%) agreed that the hybrid station was more authentic than the standard CSE. Over 60 percent of the students and professors responded that the station was acceptable for assessing the students' competence. Most of the students (75.2%) and professors (82.4%) assessed the required tasks as being feasible after reading the instructions. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the hybrid CSE station was a highly authentic, acceptable, and feasible way to assess medical students' performance.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the authenticity, acceptability, and feasibility of a hybrid station that combined a standardized patient encounter and a simulated Papanicolaou test. METHODS: We introduced a hybrid station in the routine clinical skills examination (CSE) for 335 third-year medical students at 4 universities in Korea from December 1 to December 3, 2014. After the tests, we conducted an anonymous survey on the authenticity, acceptability, and feasibility of the hybrid station. RESULTS: A total of 334 medical students and 17 professors completed the survey. A majority of the students (71.6%) and professors (82.4%) agreed that the hybrid station was more authentic than the standard CSE. Over 60 percent of the students and professors responded that the station was acceptable for assessing the students' competence. Most of the students (75.2%) and professors (82.4%) assessed the required tasks as being feasible after reading the instructions. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the hybrid CSE station was a highly authentic, acceptable, and feasible way to assess medical students' performance.
Anonyms and Pseudonyms ; Clinical Competence ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Competency ; Papanicolaou Test ; Patient Simulation ; Students, Medical

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical significance of two parameters, division of standardized uptake value (SUV) of target arterial activity by background venous blood pool activity ( ­SUVA/V ) and subtraction of background venous blood pool activity from SUV of target arterial activity ­(SUVA‑V ) of carotid arteries with atherosclerotic plaques using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT). Methods: Patients aged 50 years or more who were diagnosed with carotid artery stenosis of 50% or more with carotid Doppler ultrasonography and had torso 18F-FDG PET/CT were enrolled retrospectively and classified patients who developed cerebrovascular events (CVEs) within 5 years after 18F-FDG PET/CT scan as the active group and patients who did not experience the CVE within 5 years as an inactive group. We calculated SUVA/V and ­SUVA‑V using measurements of ­SUVmax Results: SUVA‑V ­ SUVA‑V_high , and ­SUVA‑V_low were significantly higher in the active group than in the inactive group, but neithe SUVA/V ­ SUVA‑V_high , nor ­­SUVA‑V_low showed significant differences between the active and inactive groups. Thedifference in rank between groups of SUVA‑V_high and ­SUVA‑V_low was greater than the difference in rank between groups of SUVA‑V_high and ­­SUVA‑V_low . The CVE incidence differed between SUVA‑V_high and ­­SUVA‑V_low of high carotid FDG uptake, but the CVE incidence did not differ between SUVA‑V_high and ­­SUVA‑V_low of high carotid FDG uptake. Conclusion SUVA‑V may be a more rational solution than ­SUVA/V for evaluating atherosclerotic plaque inflammation on 18F-FDG PET/CT.