No abstract available.
Coat Protein Complex I

Globally, acute malnutrition triggers more than 50% of childhood mortality in children under 5 years old, which implies that about 3.5 million children die of malnutrition each year. Prior to the advent of ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF), the management of acute malnutrition was limited to hospitals, resulting in low coverage rates with high mortality, as malnourished cases were indentified at later stages often plagued with complications. However, current availability of RUTF has enabled malnourished children to be treated at communities. Further, because RUTF is dehydrated and sealed, it has the added advantage of a lower risk of bacterial contamination, thereby prolonging its storage life at room temperature. Recent data indicate that Community Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) is as cost effective as other high-impact public health measures such as oral rehydration therapy for acute diarrheal diseases, vitamin A supplementation, and antibiotic treatment for acute respiratory infections. Despite the high efficacy of CMAM programs, CMAM still draws insufficient attention for global implementation, suggesting that CMAM programs should be integrated into local or regional routine health systems. Knowledge gaps requiring further research include: the definition of practical screening criteria for malnourished children at communities, the need for systematic antibiotic therapy during malnutrition treatment, and the dietary management of severe malnutrition in children below 6 months of age.
Child ; Child Nutrition Disorders ; Developing Countries ; Fluid Therapy ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; Malnutrition ; Mass Screening ; Nitro Compounds ; Public Health ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; Vitamin A

No abstract available.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Dentistry ; Radiography, Panoramic

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on new bone formation and angiogenesis after 8 weeks of healing. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats (n=28) were split into 2 groups according to the application of adjunctive HBO therapy: a group that received HBO therapy (HBO group [n=14]) and another group that did not receive HBO therapy (NHBO group [n=14]). Each group was divided into 2 subgroups according to the type of bone graft material: a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) subgroup and an Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2-/epigallocatechin-3-gallate-coated BCP (mBCP) subgroup. Two identical circular defects with a 6-mm diameter were made in the right and left parietal bones of each rat. One defect was grafted with bone graft material (BCP or mBCP). The other defect was not grafted. The HBO group received 2 weeks of adjunctive HBO therapy (1 hour, 5 times a week). The rats were euthanized 8 weeks after surgery. The specimens were prepared for histologic analysis. RESULTS: New bone (%) was higher in the NHBO-mBCP group than in the NHBO-BCP and control groups (P<0.05). Blood vessel count (%) and vascular endothelial growth factor staining (%) were higher in the HBO-mBCP group than in the NHBO-mBCP group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HBO therapy did not have a positive influence on bone formation irrespective of the type of bone graft material applied after 8 weeks of healing. HBO therapy had a positive effect on angiogenic activity.
Animals ; Blood Vessels ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ; Bone Substitutes ; Calcium ; Escherichia ; Humans ; Hyperbaric Oxygenation ; Osteogenesis ; Oxygen ; Parietal Bone ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transplants ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Here, we describe the successful replantation of a dental implant in a 69-year-old male patient who experienced early implant failure in the right mandibular posterior region (#46) owing to inadequate osseointegration. The patient presented with a narrow alveolar ridge and a class II dehiscence-type defect. A guided bone-regeneration (GBR) procedure using deproteinized bovine bone mineral and an absorbable collagen membrane was performed along with implant placement. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. After 6 weeks of postoperative recovery, healthy soft tissue healing was evident with no signs of infection or bone loss, demonstrating the effectiveness of GBR in managing implant failures with considerable bone defects.

Here, we describe the successful replantation of a dental implant in a 69-year-old male patient who experienced early implant failure in the right mandibular posterior region (#46) owing to inadequate osseointegration. The patient presented with a narrow alveolar ridge and a class II dehiscence-type defect. A guided bone-regeneration (GBR) procedure using deproteinized bovine bone mineral and an absorbable collagen membrane was performed along with implant placement. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. After 6 weeks of postoperative recovery, healthy soft tissue healing was evident with no signs of infection or bone loss, demonstrating the effectiveness of GBR in managing implant failures with considerable bone defects.

Here, we describe the successful replantation of a dental implant in a 69-year-old male patient who experienced early implant failure in the right mandibular posterior region (#46) owing to inadequate osseointegration. The patient presented with a narrow alveolar ridge and a class II dehiscence-type defect. A guided bone-regeneration (GBR) procedure using deproteinized bovine bone mineral and an absorbable collagen membrane was performed along with implant placement. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. After 6 weeks of postoperative recovery, healthy soft tissue healing was evident with no signs of infection or bone loss, demonstrating the effectiveness of GBR in managing implant failures with considerable bone defects.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to propose a technique for periodontal biotype modification through thickening of the entire facial aspect using a volume-stable collagen matrix and autogenous subepithelial connective tissue graft (CTG) for the treatment of gingival recession. METHODS: Four systemically healthy patients showing Miller class I or class II gingival recession in the mandibular incisor area were included in this study. Full-mouth scaling and root planing procedures were performed at least 4 weeks prior to periodontal plastic surgery. A split-thickness flap with a horizontal intrasulcular incision and 2 vertical incisions was used in cases 1–3, and the modified tunnel technique was used in case 4 for coronal advancement of the mucogingival complex. After the exposed root surfaces were debrided thoroughly, double-layered volume-stable collagen matrix was placed on the apical part of the recession and a subepithelial CTG harvested from the palatal area was placed on the coronal part. The amount of root coverage at 3 months postoperatively was evaluated in cases 1–3, and facio-lingual volumetric changes were analyzed in cases 1 and 2. RESULTS: Healing was uneventful in all 4 cases and complete root coverage was shown in cases 1–3. In case 4, reduction of gingival recession was observed at 3 months after surgery. In cases 1 and 2, a comparison of stereolithographic files from the preoperative and postoperative time points demonstrated that the entire facio-lingual volume had increased. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical technique suggested herein, using a volume-stable collagen matrix and autogenous subepithelial CTG, may be an effective method for periodontal biotype modification through thickening of the entire facial aspect for the treatment of gingival recession.
Collagen ; Connective Tissue ; Gingival Recession ; Humans ; Incisor ; Methods ; Root Planing ; Surgery, Plastic ; Transplantation ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate volumetric and histologic changes in edentulous alveolar ridge areas after ridge preservation using basic fibroblast growth factor-2 (bFGF-2) in combination with collagenated biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP). METHODS: The experiments were performed in 6 adult male beagle dogs. The following 3 groups were created: 1) ridge preservation with bFGF-2 and collagenated BCP (experimental group), 2) ridge preservation with collagenated BCP (positive control group), and 3) a negative control group in which no ridge preservation procedure was performed. Volumetric change analysis was performed using an optical scanner and casts. Histological observations were made using light microscopy. RESULTS: After the initial swelling subsided, the magnitude of the volumetric change in the experimental group and positive control group was smaller than in the negative control group. In the experimental group, a distinct trend was observed for the resorption of residual bone and collagen fibers at 4 weeks and for more mature bone and faster healing at 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings of the present study, bFGF-2 may be considered for use as a therapeutic molecule in ridge preservation procedures.
Adult ; Alveolar Process ; Animals ; Calcium* ; Collagen* ; Dogs* ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2* ; Fibroblast Growth Factors ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy ; Tooth Extraction

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and validity of subgingival bacterial sampling using a retraction cord, and to evaluate how well this sampling method reflected changes in periodontal conditions after periodontal therapy. Methods: Based on clinical examinations, 87 subjects were divided into a healthy group (n=40) and a periodontitis group (n=47). Clinical measurements were obtained from all subjects including periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and the plaque index. Saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as a subgingival bacterial sample were sampled before and 3 months after periodontal therapy. The salivary and subgingival bacterial samples were analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to quantify the following 11 periodontal pathogens: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythus (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Pavimonas micra (Pm), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), Prevotella nigrescens (Pn), Eikenella corrodens (Ec), and Eubacterium nodatum (En). Results: Non-surgical periodontal therapy resulted in significant decreases in PD (P<0.01), CAL (P<0.01), and BOP (P<0.05) after 3 months. Four species (Pg, Tf, Pi, and Pm) were significantly more abundant in both types of samples in the periodontitis group than in the healthy group. After periodontal therapy, Cr was the only bacterium that showed a statistically significant decrease in saliva, whereas statistically significant decreases in Cr, Pg, and Pn were found in GCF. Conclusions Salivary and subgingival bacterial sampling with a gingival retraction cord were found to be equivalent in terms of their accuracy for differentiating periodontitis, but GCF reflected changes in bacterial abundance after periodontal therapy more sensitively than saliva.