No abstract available.
Hair* ; Melanocytes* ; Nevus, Halo*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Psoriasis*

No abstract available.
Aged ; Humans ; Tourniquets

No abstract available.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Hypotension*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Anesthetics

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine current practice for preoperative anxiety reduction in Korean children. METHODS: An email survey of all members (n = 158) of the Korean Society of Pediatric Anesthesiologists was conducted from November 2014 to January 2015 to assess current practice, preferences, and general opinions regarding pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions performed to alleviate preoperative anxiety in children prior to general anesthesia. RESULTS: Forty-one anesthesiologists completed the survey; a response rate of 26%. Only 4.9% of respondents undertook anxiety reduction according to a written hospital policy, and 95.1% did not. Most respondents (70.7%) performed anxiolytic intervention guided by informally standardized hospital protocol. In clinical practice, 90% of respondents used pharmacological and/or non-pharmacological intervention to alleviate anxiety in children. Nearly half of the respondents (53.7%) used premedication to reduce anxiety, and midazolam was most frequently used. Parental presence during induction of anesthesia was considered the most effective non-pharmacological intervention (60.4%), and was allowed by 78% of respondents, and watching a video was considered the second most effective intervention (27.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Korean pediatric anesthesiologists use both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to alleviate preoperative anxiety, and these interventions are generally guided by an informally standardized hospital protocol. Anesthesiologists requiring effective anxiety reduction prefer pharmacological intervention and most commonly use intravenous midazolam, whereas those that want safe anxiety reduction prefer non-pharmacological intervention and most frequently use parental presence during induction of anesthesia.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anxiety* ; Child ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Korea* ; Midazolam ; Parents ; Pediatrics ; Premedication ; Preoperative Period

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the major complication related to general anesthesia, occurring in 60–80% of patients after thyroidectomy. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of an intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion with remifentanil, as anesthetic adjuvants of balanced anesthesia, on PONV in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. METHODS: Eighty patients scheduled for thyroidectomy were randomized into the following two groups: 1) The dexmedetomidine group (Group D), who received an initial loading dose of dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg over 10 min) during the induction of anesthesia, followed by a continuous infusion at a rate of 0.3–0.5 µg/kg/h; 2) the remifentanil group (group R), who received remifentanil at an initial target effect site concentration of 4 ng/ml during the induction of anesthesia, followed by a target effect site concentration of 2–3 ng/ml. PONV was assessed during the first 24 hours in 2 time periods (0–2 h and 2–24 h). The pain intensity, sedation score, extubation time, and hemodynamics were also assessed. RESULTS: During the 2 time periods, the incidence and severity of PONV in group D were significantly lower than in group R. In addition, the need for rescue antiemetics was significantly lower in group D than in group R. The effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative pain relief (2–24 h) was superior to that of remifentanil. The hemodynamics were similar in both groups, whereas eye opening and extubation time were delayed in group D. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant use of intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion may be effective for the prevention of PONV.
Adjuvants, Anesthesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Antiemetics ; Balanced Anesthesia* ; Dexmedetomidine* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting* ; Thyroidectomy*

No abstract available.
Adalimumab* ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Necrosis* ; Rheumatoid Nodule*

No abstract available.
Epithelium*