No abstract available.
Hair* ; Melanocytes* ; Nevus, Halo*

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell* ; Psoriasis*

No abstract available.
Anesthesia, Spinal* ; Hypotension*

No abstract available.
Aged ; Humans ; Tourniquets

No abstract available.
Anesthetics

No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is the major complication related to general anesthesia, occurring in 60–80% of patients after thyroidectomy. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of an intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion with remifentanil, as anesthetic adjuvants of balanced anesthesia, on PONV in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. METHODS: Eighty patients scheduled for thyroidectomy were randomized into the following two groups: 1) The dexmedetomidine group (Group D), who received an initial loading dose of dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg over 10 min) during the induction of anesthesia, followed by a continuous infusion at a rate of 0.3–0.5 µg/kg/h; 2) the remifentanil group (group R), who received remifentanil at an initial target effect site concentration of 4 ng/ml during the induction of anesthesia, followed by a target effect site concentration of 2–3 ng/ml. PONV was assessed during the first 24 hours in 2 time periods (0–2 h and 2–24 h). The pain intensity, sedation score, extubation time, and hemodynamics were also assessed. RESULTS: During the 2 time periods, the incidence and severity of PONV in group D were significantly lower than in group R. In addition, the need for rescue antiemetics was significantly lower in group D than in group R. The effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative pain relief (2–24 h) was superior to that of remifentanil. The hemodynamics were similar in both groups, whereas eye opening and extubation time were delayed in group D. CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant use of intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion may be effective for the prevention of PONV.
Adjuvants, Anesthesia ; Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Antiemetics ; Balanced Anesthesia* ; Dexmedetomidine* ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pain, Postoperative ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting* ; Thyroidectomy*

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine current practice for preoperative anxiety reduction in Korean children. METHODS: An email survey of all members (n = 158) of the Korean Society of Pediatric Anesthesiologists was conducted from November 2014 to January 2015 to assess current practice, preferences, and general opinions regarding pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions performed to alleviate preoperative anxiety in children prior to general anesthesia. RESULTS: Forty-one anesthesiologists completed the survey; a response rate of 26%. Only 4.9% of respondents undertook anxiety reduction according to a written hospital policy, and 95.1% did not. Most respondents (70.7%) performed anxiolytic intervention guided by informally standardized hospital protocol. In clinical practice, 90% of respondents used pharmacological and/or non-pharmacological intervention to alleviate anxiety in children. Nearly half of the respondents (53.7%) used premedication to reduce anxiety, and midazolam was most frequently used. Parental presence during induction of anesthesia was considered the most effective non-pharmacological intervention (60.4%), and was allowed by 78% of respondents, and watching a video was considered the second most effective intervention (27.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Korean pediatric anesthesiologists use both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions to alleviate preoperative anxiety, and these interventions are generally guided by an informally standardized hospital protocol. Anesthesiologists requiring effective anxiety reduction prefer pharmacological intervention and most commonly use intravenous midazolam, whereas those that want safe anxiety reduction prefer non-pharmacological intervention and most frequently use parental presence during induction of anesthesia.
Anesthesia* ; Anesthesia, General ; Anxiety* ; Child ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Korea* ; Midazolam ; Parents ; Pediatrics ; Premedication ; Preoperative Period

BACKGROUND: Growth factors play important roles in wound healing. However, the evidence for the effects of growth factors on post-thyroidectomy scars is limited. OBJECTIVE: We performed a prospective study to assess the preventive and therapeutic effect of a multi-growth factor (MGF)-containing cream on post-thyroidectomy scars. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with thyroidectomy scars applied MGF cream twice a day. We assessed the changes in erythema, pigmentation, skin elasticity, and skin hydration status using the erythema index, melanin index, cutometer, and corneometer, respectively. In addition, Vancouver scar scale (VSS) and patient satisfaction were assessed at 10 days after surgery (baseline), 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after baseline. RESULTS: The mean total VSS scores were significantly lower at 6 weeks (3.24±1.51 vs. 1.91±1.38) and 12 weeks (3.24±1.51 vs. 1.71±1.59) compared to the baseline. The degree of pigmentation was significantly lower at 12 weeks compared to the baseline, and the skin elasticity, and the skin hydration status were significantly higher at 12 weeks compared to the baseline. Over 85% of the patients were satisfied with the use of MGF cream without any adverse effect. CONCLUSION: MGF cream might have additive or supportive effect for scar formation after thyroidectomy.
Cicatrix* ; Elasticity ; Erythema ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Melanins ; Patient Satisfaction ; Pigmentation ; Prospective Studies ; Skin ; Skin Pigmentation ; Thyroidectomy ; Wound Healing

BACKGROUND: Control of postoperative pain is an important aspect of postoperative patient management. Among the methods of postoperative pain control, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) has been the most commonly used. This study tested the convenience and safety of a PCA method in which the dose adjusted according to time. METHODS: This study included 100 patients who had previously undergone orthognathic surgery, discectomy, or total hip arthroplasty, and wished to control their postoperative pain through PCA. In the test group (n = 50), the rate of infusion was changed over time, while in the control group (n = 50), drugs were administered at a fixed rate. Patients' pain scores on the visual analogue scale, number of rescue analgesic infusions, side effects, and patients' satisfaction with analgesia were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The patients and controls were matched for age, gender, height, weight, and body mass index. No significant difference in the mount of drug administered was found between the test and control groups at 0-24 h after the operation; however, a significant difference was observed at 24-48 h after the operation between the two groups. No difference was found in the postoperative pain score, number of side effects, and patient satisfaction between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Patient-controlled anesthesia administered at changing rates of infusion has similar numbers of side effects as infusion performed at a fixed rate; however, the former allows for efficient and safe management of postoperative pain even in small doses.
Analgesia ; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled ; Anesthesia ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Body Mass Index ; Diskectomy ; Humans ; Infusion Pumps ; Methods ; Morphine ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Pain, Postoperative* ; Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis ; Patient Satisfaction