PURPOSE: To compare the clinical characteristics of primary open-angle glaucoma (HTG), normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) patients. METHODS: We investigated the clinical characteristics of HTG (n=75), NTG (n=58), and ACG (n=150) patients from March 2000 to November 2002. We compared the age at initial glaucoma diagnosis, sex, family history, systemic diseases, refractive errors, and corneal curvature among the three groups. RESULTS: HTG was younger than the others at initial glaucoma diagnosis. In ACG, the incidence rate was higher in women, but it was in HTG, higher in men. Family history of glaucoma was significantly more prevalent in HTG than in the others. NTG showed higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease and hypotension than the others. In refractive errors, there was statistically significant difference among the three groups and HTG had more severe myopia than the others. ACG had the steepest cornea curvature. CONCLUSIONS: Three types of primary glaucoma (HTG, NTG and ACG) differed somewhat in clinical feature. This finding will be helpful in the early diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cornea ; Diagnosis ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Glaucoma* ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Incidence ; Male ; Myopia ; Prevalence ; Refractive Errors

PURPOSE: To compare the effects of intravitreal bevacizumab to those of triamcinolone acetonide injection for the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion. METHODS: This retrospective study included 50 eyes of 50 patients who received a single injection of intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL, 22 eyes) or triamcinolone acetonide (4 mg/0.1 mL, 28 eyes) as the only treatment for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion; all patients had a post-injection follow-up duration of >24 weeks. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and central macular thickness (CMT) by optical coherence tomography were measured for up to 24 weeks after injection. RESULTS: BCVA was improved at 1, 4, 8,12 weeks post-injection in the bevacizumab group, and at 1, 4, 8 weeks post-injection in the triamcinolone group. No significant difference was found between the two groups except at 12 weeks. CMT decreased significantly within each group, and no significant difference between groups was found. In the bevacizumab group, no elevated IOP was observed, whereas IOP was significantly increased at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after triamcinolone injection; IOP was therefore significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal bevacizumab is a comparatively simple treatment method that can effectively improve BCVA and reduce CMT without ocular and systemic complications. Consequently, intravitreal bevacizumab injections may be useful as both an alternative and primary treatment for macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion.
Adult ; Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/*administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*administration & dosage ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glucocorticoids/*administration & dosage ; Humans ; Injections ; Macular Edema/diagnosis/*drug therapy/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Vein Occlusion/*complications/diagnosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Treatment Outcome ; Triamcinolone Acetonide/*administration & dosage ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors ; Visual Acuity ; Vitreous Body

PURPOSE: We report a case of post.traumatic bilateral serous retinal detachment that resolved spontaneously within a month. CASE SUMMARY: An 8-year-old male patient presented with post-traumatic bilateral serous retinal detachment and decreased visual acuity. We did not perform any specific treatment. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fluorescein angiography (FA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and slit lamp examination were used. CONCLUSIONS: After 1 month, the patient's BCVA improved to 1.0 in both eyes, and serous retinal detachment resolved; FA findings and OCT findings were nearly normal.
Child ; Eye ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Humans ; Male ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinaldehyde ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To report a case of adult-onset Coats' disease which showed decreased retinal edema and improved visual acuity following intravitreal ranibizumab injection. CASE SUMMARY: A 21-year-old woman visited our hospital for decreased visual acuity in left eye from 3 months ago. Her best corrected visual acuity was 1.0 in the right eye, and 0.4 in the left eye. The intraocular pressure was 19 mmHg in the right eye and 16 mmHg in the left eye. At anterior segment examination, no abnormal findings were found. On fundus examination, subretinal exudates, superior retinal edema at posterior pole, and telangiectasia along superortemporal vascular arcade were observed in the left eye. Upon diagnosis as Coats' disease, intravitreal ranibizumab was performed, and laser photocoagulation was done around the retinal telangiectasia and nonperfusion area. Then, the second and third intravitreal ranibizumab injections were performed by a month, and her best visual acuity was improved to 0.8 and optical coherence tomography revealed decreased retinal edema. CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of adult-onset Coats' disease. Intravitreal ranibizumab injection is effective in rapid visual improvement and decrease of retinal edema as combination therapy with laser photocoagulation which was a generalized treatment of choice in Coats' disease.
Diagnosis ; Exudates and Transudates ; Female ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Light Coagulation ; Macular Edema ; Papilledema ; Ranibizumab* ; Retinaldehyde ; Telangiectasis ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Visual Acuity ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify menstrual distress, coping method and relief of symptoms among female nurses who worked with 3-shift. METHODS: A total of 185 participants were recruited from November 18, 2011 to January 30, 2012. The measurement included menstrual distress and coping method questionnaire and relief of symptoms. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients with SPSS 19.0. RESULTS: The level of menstrual distress was moderate (mean 3.0), and there were significant differences in menstrual distress by age, education, stress, regularity of menstrual cycle. Among the coping methods, coping according to menstrual cycle specific was the most frequently used, followed by active recognizing coping, active behavioral coping, and avoidance coping. Among the degree of symptom relief, symptom relief score was the highest when used coping according to menstrual cycle specific. Menstrual distress was associated with stress, adequate amount of sleep, dysmenorrhea and number of coping method total. CONCLUSION: Nurses experienced moderate levels of menstrual distress and used various types of coping to relieve it. There is a need for hospital nurses to develop an effective nursing intervention to relieve the menstrual distress and utilize active coping methods.
Dysmenorrhea ; Female ; Humans ; Menstrual Cycle ; Menstruation ; Surveys and Questionnaires

A 53-year-old Asian woman was treated with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for lupus erythematosus. Within a few years, she noticed circle-shaped shadows in her central vision. Upon examination, the patient's visual acuity was 20 / 25 in both eyes. Humphrey visual field (HVF) testing revealed a central visual defect, and fundoscopy showed a ring-shaped area of parafoveal retinal pigment epithelium depigmentation. Fundus autofluorescence imaging showed a hypofluorescent lesion consistent with bull's eye retinopathy. Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AO-SLO) revealed patch cone mosaic lesions, in which cones were missing or lost. In addition, the remaining cones consisted of asymmetrical shapes and sizes that varied in brightness. Unlike previous studies employing deformable mirrors for wavefront aberration correction, our AO-SLO approach utilized dual liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulators. Thus, by using AO-SLO, we were able to create a photographic montage consisting of high quality images. Disrupted cone AO-SLO images were matched with visual field test results and functional deficits were associated with a precise location on the montage, which allowed correlation of histological findings with functional changes determined by HVF. We also investigated whether adaptive optics imaging was more sensitive to anatomical changes compared with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.
Chloroquine/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Image Enhancement/*methods ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy ; Macula Lutea/drug effects/*pathology ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmoscopy/*methods ; Retinal Diseases/chemically induced/*diagnosis

A 53-year-old Asian woman was treated with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for lupus erythematosus. Within a few years, she noticed circle-shaped shadows in her central vision. Upon examination, the patient's visual acuity was 20 / 25 in both eyes. Humphrey visual field (HVF) testing revealed a central visual defect, and fundoscopy showed a ring-shaped area of parafoveal retinal pigment epithelium depigmentation. Fundus autofluorescence imaging showed a hypofluorescent lesion consistent with bull's eye retinopathy. Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AO-SLO) revealed patch cone mosaic lesions, in which cones were missing or lost. In addition, the remaining cones consisted of asymmetrical shapes and sizes that varied in brightness. Unlike previous studies employing deformable mirrors for wavefront aberration correction, our AO-SLO approach utilized dual liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulators. Thus, by using AO-SLO, we were able to create a photographic montage consisting of high quality images. Disrupted cone AO-SLO images were matched with visual field test results and functional deficits were associated with a precise location on the montage, which allowed correlation of histological findings with functional changes determined by HVF. We also investigated whether adaptive optics imaging was more sensitive to anatomical changes compared with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.
Chloroquine/*adverse effects/therapeutic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Image Enhancement/*methods ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy ; Macula Lutea/drug effects/*pathology ; Middle Aged ; Ophthalmoscopy/*methods ; Retinal Diseases/chemically induced/*diagnosis

PURPOSE: To report a case of serous macular detachment preceding macular retinoschisis in an optic pit patient successfully treated by vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling. CASE SUMMARY: A 76 year old female visited our clinic for visual disturbance in her right eye. Fundus photograph revealed optic pit and OCT showed macular retinoschisis in her right eye. She was followed up in our clinic. The patient revisited our clinic because of sudden decrease of visual acuity in her right eye 3 days before. At that time, the patient's best-corrected visual acuity was 0.05. Macular retinoschisis, subretinal fluid and serous retinal detachment were observed in her right eye on OCT. She was diagnosed with serous retinal detachment associated with optic pit and pars plana vitrectomy was performed. During vitrectomy, we found adhesion and defect of posterior hyaloid membrane which covered the optic pit. Therefore, subretinal fluid was drained via membrane defect and posterior vitreous detachment and fluid-gas exchange were induced. Sixteen days after surgery, we found a macular hole in her right eye on OCT. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed with internal limiting membrane peeling. One month after surgery, macular detachment was not observed. Six months after surgery, the patient's best corrected visual acuity was 0.63 and the macula was reattached completely. CONCLUSIONS: Optic pit maculopathy can be progressed rapidly in aged patients and macular hole would be ocurred as a complication. Additional study will be needed to figure out the role of internal limiting membrane and tractional force of posterior vitreous in these patients.
Female ; Humans ; Membranes ; Retinal Detachment ; Retinal Perforations ; Retinoschisis* ; Subretinal Fluid ; Traction ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy ; Vitreous Detachment

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between the aqueous concentrations of cytokines, chemokine, VEGF and the severity of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. METHODS: Sixty eyes with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema, and 10 eyes of nondiabetic subjects were followed for 6 months. The aqueous levels of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors were measured. The aqueous levels of cytokines were investigated according to the severity of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema. RESULTS: The aqueous levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1, and VEGF were elevated according to the severity of diabetic retinopathy. The aqueous levels of IL-13 were higher in eyes of diabetic patients than in eyes of nondiabetic subjects, but there were no statistically significant difference between diabetic retinopathy and nondiabetic subjects. The aqueous levels of IL-6, MCP-1, and VEGF were positively correlated with central macular thickness in eyes with diabetic macular edema. CONCLUSIONS: The aqueous levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1, and VEGF were correlated with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. The aqueous levels of IL-6, MCP-1, and VEGF were positively correlated with the severity of macular edema.
Anterior Chamber ; Cytokines ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; Eye ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; Interleukin-13 ; Interleukin-6 ; Interleukin-8 ; Macular Edema ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

No abstract available.
Choroid* ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Osteoma*