A university’s admission policy is established to select applicants who can successfully complete the curriculum. Thus, it is important to develop optimal admissions processes for applicant selection. This study was conducted to infer the most suitable admission processes for veterinary school applicants by examining academic achievement, graduation competency and academic sustainability. It was conducted on students admitted from 2009 to 2018 at one of the veterinary colleges in Korea. The admission methods were divided into, first the regular admission (RA) process, primarily reflecting the results of the College Scholastic Ability Test, and second, the rolling admission processes. The rolling processes were further divided into admission officer-based (AO), high school grade point average-based (GA), essay test-based (ET), admission for the underprivileged (UP) and admission for overseas Koreans and foreigners (OKF). The final grade point average was observed to be higher in the order of the GA, AO and RA groups. The survey on the veterinary graduation competency did not reveal any difference between the regular and rolling admission processes. However, among the latter, AO-based admission showed a higher ratio of outstanding competency levels. In terms of academic sustainability, OKF admission demonstrated a higher rate of failure while RA showed a higher rate of expulsion and dropout. Summarizing the above results, the most successful veterinary applicants were selected through AO-based admission. These results are meaningful in providing the basic information required to establish admission policies for veterinary colleges in Korea.

A university’s admission policy is established to select applicants who can successfully complete the curriculum. Thus, it is important to develop optimal admissions processes for applicant selection. This study was conducted to infer the most suitable admission processes for veterinary school applicants by examining academic achievement, graduation competency and academic sustainability. It was conducted on students admitted from 2009 to 2018 at one of the veterinary colleges in Korea. The admission methods were divided into, first the regular admission (RA) process, primarily reflecting the results of the College Scholastic Ability Test, and second, the rolling admission processes. The rolling processes were further divided into admission officer-based (AO), high school grade point average-based (GA), essay test-based (ET), admission for the underprivileged (UP) and admission for overseas Koreans and foreigners (OKF). The final grade point average was observed to be higher in the order of the GA, AO and RA groups. The survey on the veterinary graduation competency did not reveal any difference between the regular and rolling admission processes. However, among the latter, AO-based admission showed a higher ratio of outstanding competency levels. In terms of academic sustainability, OKF admission demonstrated a higher rate of failure while RA showed a higher rate of expulsion and dropout. Summarizing the above results, the most successful veterinary applicants were selected through AO-based admission. These results are meaningful in providing the basic information required to establish admission policies for veterinary colleges in Korea.

A university’s admission policy is established to select applicants who can successfully complete the curriculum. Thus, it is important to develop optimal admissions processes for applicant selection. This study was conducted to infer the most suitable admission processes for veterinary school applicants by examining academic achievement, graduation competency and academic sustainability. It was conducted on students admitted from 2009 to 2018 at one of the veterinary colleges in Korea. The admission methods were divided into, first the regular admission (RA) process, primarily reflecting the results of the College Scholastic Ability Test, and second, the rolling admission processes. The rolling processes were further divided into admission officer-based (AO), high school grade point average-based (GA), essay test-based (ET), admission for the underprivileged (UP) and admission for overseas Koreans and foreigners (OKF). The final grade point average was observed to be higher in the order of the GA, AO and RA groups. The survey on the veterinary graduation competency did not reveal any difference between the regular and rolling admission processes. However, among the latter, AO-based admission showed a higher ratio of outstanding competency levels. In terms of academic sustainability, OKF admission demonstrated a higher rate of failure while RA showed a higher rate of expulsion and dropout. Summarizing the above results, the most successful veterinary applicants were selected through AO-based admission. These results are meaningful in providing the basic information required to establish admission policies for veterinary colleges in Korea.

A university’s admission policy is established to select applicants who can successfully complete the curriculum. Thus, it is important to develop optimal admissions processes for applicant selection. This study was conducted to infer the most suitable admission processes for veterinary school applicants by examining academic achievement, graduation competency and academic sustainability. It was conducted on students admitted from 2009 to 2018 at one of the veterinary colleges in Korea. The admission methods were divided into, first the regular admission (RA) process, primarily reflecting the results of the College Scholastic Ability Test, and second, the rolling admission processes. The rolling processes were further divided into admission officer-based (AO), high school grade point average-based (GA), essay test-based (ET), admission for the underprivileged (UP) and admission for overseas Koreans and foreigners (OKF). The final grade point average was observed to be higher in the order of the GA, AO and RA groups. The survey on the veterinary graduation competency did not reveal any difference between the regular and rolling admission processes. However, among the latter, AO-based admission showed a higher ratio of outstanding competency levels. In terms of academic sustainability, OKF admission demonstrated a higher rate of failure while RA showed a higher rate of expulsion and dropout. Summarizing the above results, the most successful veterinary applicants were selected through AO-based admission. These results are meaningful in providing the basic information required to establish admission policies for veterinary colleges in Korea.

A university’s admission policy is established to select applicants who can successfully complete the curriculum. Thus, it is important to develop optimal admissions processes for applicant selection. This study was conducted to infer the most suitable admission processes for veterinary school applicants by examining academic achievement, graduation competency and academic sustainability. It was conducted on students admitted from 2009 to 2018 at one of the veterinary colleges in Korea. The admission methods were divided into, first the regular admission (RA) process, primarily reflecting the results of the College Scholastic Ability Test, and second, the rolling admission processes. The rolling processes were further divided into admission officer-based (AO), high school grade point average-based (GA), essay test-based (ET), admission for the underprivileged (UP) and admission for overseas Koreans and foreigners (OKF). The final grade point average was observed to be higher in the order of the GA, AO and RA groups. The survey on the veterinary graduation competency did not reveal any difference between the regular and rolling admission processes. However, among the latter, AO-based admission showed a higher ratio of outstanding competency levels. In terms of academic sustainability, OKF admission demonstrated a higher rate of failure while RA showed a higher rate of expulsion and dropout. Summarizing the above results, the most successful veterinary applicants were selected through AO-based admission. These results are meaningful in providing the basic information required to establish admission policies for veterinary colleges in Korea.

Diarylpropionitrile (DPN), a selective agonist for estrogen receptor β(ERβ), has been reported to regulate various hormonal responses through activation of ERβ in tissues including the mammary gland and brain. However, the effect of DPN on melanogenesis independent of ERβ has not been studied. The aim of this study is to examine the possibility of anti-melanogenic effect of DPN and its underlying mechanism. Melanin contents and cellular tyrosinase activity assay indicated that DPN inhibited melanin biosynthesis in alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormonestimulated B16F10 melanoma cell line. However, DPN had no direct influence on in vitro tyrosinase catalytic activity. On the other hand, 17β-estradiol had no effect on inhibition of melanogenesis, suggesting that the DPN-mediated suppression of melanin production was not related with estrogen signaling pathway. Immunoblotting analysis showed that DPN down-regulated the expression of microphthalmiaassociated transcription factor (MITF), a central transcription factor of melanogenesis and its down-stream genes including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2. Also, DPN attenuated the phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA) and cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB). Additionally, DPN suppressed the melanin synthesis in UVB-irradiated HaCaT conditioned media culture system suggesting that DPN has potential as an anti-melanogenic activity in physiological conditions. Collectively, our data show that DPN inhibits melanogenesis via downregulation of PKA/CREB/MITF signaling pathway.

In the livestock field, human body sterilizer is one of the methods used to prevent the spread of contagious animal diseases. Disinfection methods include spraying disinfectants, irradiating ultraviolet rays, and generating anions using photocatalysts; however, their effectiveness remains to be clarified. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to verify the pathogen-killing efficacy of the human body sterilizer and propose improvements. Experiments were conducted using a disinfectant spraying model and an ultraviolet single and ultraviolet-photocatalyst composite model. In the bactericidal experiment using Salmonella Typhimurium, the killing effect recorded in both hard and organic conditions did not exceed the standard value. The disinfectant spraying model showed a relatively high effect on the mannequin’s shoulders and arms. Meanwhile, in the virucidal experiment using low pathogenic avian influenza, the killing effect observed in both hard and organic conditions did not exceed the standard value, and no significant difference was observed between the models by site. Notably, the disinfectant spraying model showed a tendency to increase pathogen reduction with increasing exposure time in both bacterial and viral experiments. Human body sterilizer has limitations such as damage from drug exposure, short periods of physical exposure, and the lack of their own disinfection function. Given the current challenges in manufacturing an ideal human body sterilizer, supplementary measures should be implemented to prevent the spread of pathogens by farm entrants. These measures include efficiently utilizing shoe disinfectants, which are crucial in pathogen prevention, and providing disposable clothing.

In the livestock field, human body sterilizer is one of the methods used to prevent the spread of contagious animal diseases. Disinfection methods include spraying disinfectants, irradiating ultraviolet rays, and generating anions using photocatalysts; however, their effectiveness remains to be clarified. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to verify the pathogen-killing efficacy of the human body sterilizer and propose improvements. Experiments were conducted using a disinfectant spraying model and an ultraviolet single and ultraviolet-photocatalyst composite model. In the bactericidal experiment using Salmonella Typhimurium, the killing effect recorded in both hard and organic conditions did not exceed the standard value. The disinfectant spraying model showed a relatively high effect on the mannequin’s shoulders and arms. Meanwhile, in the virucidal experiment using low pathogenic avian influenza, the killing effect observed in both hard and organic conditions did not exceed the standard value, and no significant difference was observed between the models by site. Notably, the disinfectant spraying model showed a tendency to increase pathogen reduction with increasing exposure time in both bacterial and viral experiments. Human body sterilizer has limitations such as damage from drug exposure, short periods of physical exposure, and the lack of their own disinfection function. Given the current challenges in manufacturing an ideal human body sterilizer, supplementary measures should be implemented to prevent the spread of pathogens by farm entrants. These measures include efficiently utilizing shoe disinfectants, which are crucial in pathogen prevention, and providing disposable clothing.

In the livestock field, human body sterilizer is one of the methods used to prevent the spread of contagious animal diseases. Disinfection methods include spraying disinfectants, irradiating ultraviolet rays, and generating anions using photocatalysts; however, their effectiveness remains to be clarified. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to verify the pathogen-killing efficacy of the human body sterilizer and propose improvements. Experiments were conducted using a disinfectant spraying model and an ultraviolet single and ultraviolet-photocatalyst composite model. In the bactericidal experiment using Salmonella Typhimurium, the killing effect recorded in both hard and organic conditions did not exceed the standard value. The disinfectant spraying model showed a relatively high effect on the mannequin’s shoulders and arms. Meanwhile, in the virucidal experiment using low pathogenic avian influenza, the killing effect observed in both hard and organic conditions did not exceed the standard value, and no significant difference was observed between the models by site. Notably, the disinfectant spraying model showed a tendency to increase pathogen reduction with increasing exposure time in both bacterial and viral experiments. Human body sterilizer has limitations such as damage from drug exposure, short periods of physical exposure, and the lack of their own disinfection function. Given the current challenges in manufacturing an ideal human body sterilizer, supplementary measures should be implemented to prevent the spread of pathogens by farm entrants. These measures include efficiently utilizing shoe disinfectants, which are crucial in pathogen prevention, and providing disposable clothing.

In the livestock field, human body sterilizer is one of the methods used to prevent the spread of contagious animal diseases. Disinfection methods include spraying disinfectants, irradiating ultraviolet rays, and generating anions using photocatalysts; however, their effectiveness remains to be clarified. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to verify the pathogen-killing efficacy of the human body sterilizer and propose improvements. Experiments were conducted using a disinfectant spraying model and an ultraviolet single and ultraviolet-photocatalyst composite model. In the bactericidal experiment using Salmonella Typhimurium, the killing effect recorded in both hard and organic conditions did not exceed the standard value. The disinfectant spraying model showed a relatively high effect on the mannequin’s shoulders and arms. Meanwhile, in the virucidal experiment using low pathogenic avian influenza, the killing effect observed in both hard and organic conditions did not exceed the standard value, and no significant difference was observed between the models by site. Notably, the disinfectant spraying model showed a tendency to increase pathogen reduction with increasing exposure time in both bacterial and viral experiments. Human body sterilizer has limitations such as damage from drug exposure, short periods of physical exposure, and the lack of their own disinfection function. Given the current challenges in manufacturing an ideal human body sterilizer, supplementary measures should be implemented to prevent the spread of pathogens by farm entrants. These measures include efficiently utilizing shoe disinfectants, which are crucial in pathogen prevention, and providing disposable clothing.