1.Association of Sleep, Dietary Behaviors and Physical Activity with Quality of Life among Shiftwork Nurses.
A Ra LEE ; Sungju LIM ; Kihye HAN
Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science 2017;19(4):252-257
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the associations of sleep, dietary behaviors and physical activity with quality of life among shift-work nurses. METHODS: For this cross-sectional descriptive study, data were collected from 191 shift-work nurses in a tertiary hospital. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify the relationships among variables. RESULTS: The levels of sleep quality, dietary behaviors and physical activity were low. Factors associated with quality of life among shift-work nurses included sleep disturbance (B=−0.16, β=−0.26, p<.001), dietary behaviors (B=0.28, β=0.24, p<.001), and physical activity (B=0.05, β=0.19, p<.001). The strongest factor was sleep disturbance. CONCLUSION: In order to improve quality of life among shift-work nurses, it is significant to encourage and maintain health behaviors such as sleep, dietary behaviors and physical activity. Under the circumstances where shiftwork cannot be avoided, personal efforts made by nurses to establish their own living standards for positive health behaviors will benefit their quality of life.
Feeding Behavior
;
Health Behavior
;
Humans
;
Linear Models
;
Motor Activity*
;
Quality of Life*
;
Socioeconomic Factors
;
Tertiary Care Centers
2.Cost-Effectiveness of Active Surveillance Compared to Early Surgery of Small Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Study on a Korean Population
Han-Sang BAEK ; Jeonghoon HA ; Kwangsoon KIM ; Jaseong BAE ; Jeong Soo KIM ; Sungju KIM ; Dong-Jun LIM ; Chulmin KIM
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2023;38(34):e264-
Background:
Recently, active surveillance (AS) has been introduced as an alternative to early surgery (ES) for the management of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC), because of its indolent features and low mortality. However, its cost effects have not been determined and the findings of current studies differ, according to each country’s medical system.
Methods:
A Markov model was constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness of AS and ES, based on a reference case of a 40-year-old patient diagnosed with PTMC. Costs and transition probabilities were derived from previous clinical studies in Korean populations, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and net monetary benefit (NMB) were calculated. The willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set at USD 100,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to address the uncertainties in the model’s variables.
Results:
From the base scenario, the cumulative costs and effectiveness were both higher in ES than AS. The ICER for ES, compared with AS, was USD 6,619.86/QALY, lower than the set WTP. The NMB difference between AS and ES increased across the stages (USD 5,980 at the first stage and USD 159,667 at the last stage). The ICER increased along with decreasing age and increasing cost of surgery. The higher the ES utility score and the lower that of AS, the more cost-effective ES, with WTP set at USD 30,000.
Conclusion
In the current Korean medical system, ES is more cost-effective than AS. ES is more cost-effective as it is diagnosed at young age and followed-up for a long time.
3.Cost-Utility Analysis of Early Detection with Ultrasonography of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Study on a Korean Population
Han-Sang BAEK ; Jeonghoon HA ; Kwangsoon KIM ; Ja Seong BAE ; Jeong Soo KIM ; Sungju KIM ; Dong-Jun LIM ; Chul-Min KIM
Endocrinology and Metabolism 2024;39(2):310-323
Background:
There is debate about ultrasonography screening for thyroid cancer and its cost-effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early screening (ES) versus symptomatic detection (SD) for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in Korea.
Methods:
A Markov decision analysis model was constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness of ES and SD. The model considered direct medical costs, health outcomes, and different diagnostic and treatment pathways. Input data were derived from literature and Korean population studies. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. Willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set at USD 100,000 or 20,000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to address uncertainties of the model’s variables.
Results:
In a base case scenario with 50 years of follow-up, ES was found to be cost-effective compared to SD, with an ICER of $2,852 per QALY. With WTP set at $100,000, in the case with follow-up less than 10 years, the SD was cost-effective. Sensitivity analysis showed that variables such as lobectomy probability, age, mortality, and utility scores significantly influenced the ICER. Despite variations in costs and other factors, all ICER values remained below the WTP threshold.
Conclusion
Findings of this study indicate that ES is a cost-effective strategy for DTC screening in the Korean medical system. Early detection and subsequent lobectomy contribute to the cost-effectiveness of ES, while SD at an advanced stage makes ES more cost-effective. Expected follow-up duration should be considered to determine an optimal strategy for DTC screening.
4.Evaluation of Current Resources Available for Community-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korea:A Nationwide Survey Study
Chul KIM ; Jidong SUNG ; Jae-Young HAN ; Sungju JEE ; Jang Woo LEE ; Jong Hwa LEE ; Won-Seok KIM ; Heui Je BANG ; Sora BAEK ; Kyung Lim JOA ; Ae Ryoung KIM ; So Young LEE ; Jihee KIM ; Chung Reen KIM ; Oh Pum KWON
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2022;37(14):e109-
Background:
In Korea, the actual distribution of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) to the clinical field is insufficient due to the many barriers for cardiovascular patients to participate in CR. Community-based CR is a useful alternative to overcome these obstacles. Through a nationwide survey, we investigated the possibility of regional medical and public health management institutes which can be in charge of community-based CR in Korea.
Methods:
The questionnaires on recognition of CR and current available resources in health-related institutions were developed with reference to the CR evaluation tools of York University and the International Council of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation.The questionnaires were sent to regional public and private medical institutions and public health management institutions.
Results:
In total, 2,267 questionnaires were sent to 1,186 institutions. There were 241 and 242 responses from 173 and 179 regional private and public medical institutions, respectively. And a total of 244 responses were gathered from 180 public health management institutions. Although many institutions were equipped with the necessary facilities for exercise training, there were few patient-monitoring systems during exercise. Most institutions were aware of the need for CR, but were burdened with the cost of establishing personnel and facilities to operate CR.
Conclusion
Most regional medical, and public health management institutions in Korea are unprepared for the implementation of community-based CR programs. To encourage the utilization of such, there should be efforts to establish a national consensus.
5.Clinical Practice Guideline for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korea
Chul KIM ; Jidong SUNG ; Jong Hwa LEE ; Won Seok KIM ; Goo Joo LEE ; Sungju JEE ; Il Young JUNG ; Ueon Woo RAH ; Byung Ok KIM ; Kyoung Hyo CHOI ; Bum Sun KWON ; Seung Don YOO ; Heui Je BANG ; Hyung Ik SHIN ; Yong Wook KIM ; Heeyoune JUNG ; Eung Ju KIM ; Jung Hwan LEE ; In Hyun JUNG ; Jae Seung JUNG ; Jong Young LEE ; Jae Young HAN ; Eun Young HAN ; Yu Hui WON ; Woosik HAN ; Sora BAEK ; Kyung Lim JOA ; Sook Joung LEE ; Ae Ryoung KIM ; So Young LEE ; Jihee KIM ; Hee Eun CHOI ; Byeong Ju LEE ; Soon KIM
The Korean Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2019;52(4):248-285
BACKGROUND: Though clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are an effective and widely used treatment method worldwide, they are as yet not widely accepted in Korea. Given that cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of death in Korea, it is urgent that CR programs be developed. In 2008, the Government of Korea implemented CR programs at 11 university hospitals as part of its Regional Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center Project, and 3 additional medical facilities will be added in 2019. In addition, owing to the promotion of CR nationwide and the introduction of CR insurance benefits, 40 medical institutions nationwide have begun CR programs even as a growing number of medical institutions are preparing to offer CR. The purpose of this research was to develop evidence-based CPGs to support CR implementation in Korea. METHODS: This study is based on an analysis of CPGs elsewhere in the world, an extensive literature search, a systematic analysis of multiple randomized control trials, and a CPG management, development, and assessment committee comprised of 33 authors—primarily rehabilitation specialists, cardiologists, and thoracic surgeons in 21 university hospitals and 2 general hospitals. Twelve consultants, primarily rehabilitation, sports medicine, and preventive medicine specialists, CPG experts, nurses, physical therapists, clinical nutritionists, and library and information experts participated in the research and development of these CPGs. After the draft guidelines were developed, 3 rounds of public hearings were held with staff members from relevant academic societies and stakeholders, after which the guidelines were further reviewed and modified. RESULTS: CR involves a more cost-effective use of healthcare resources relative to that of general treatments, and the exercise component of CR lowers cardiovascular mortality and readmission rates, regardless of the type of coronary heart disease and type and setting of CR. CONCLUSION: Individualized CR programs should be considered together with various factors, including differences in heart function and lifestyle, and doing so will boost participation and adherence with the CR program, ultimately meeting the final goals of the program, namely reducing the recurrence of myocardial infarction and mortality rates.
Acute Coronary Syndrome
;
Cardiovascular Diseases
;
Cause of Death
;
Consultants
;
Coronary Disease
;
Delivery of Health Care
;
Heart
;
Hospitals, General
;
Hospitals, University
;
Humans
;
Insurance Benefits
;
Korea
;
Life Style
;
Methods
;
Mortality
;
Myocardial Infarction
;
Nutritionists
;
Physical Therapists
;
Preventive Medicine
;
Recurrence
;
Rehabilitation
;
Secondary Prevention
;
Specialization
;
Sports Medicine
;
Surgeons
6.Clinical Practice Guideline for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korea Online only
Chul KIM ; Jidong SUNG ; Jong Hwa LEE ; Won Seok KIM ; Goo Joo LEE ; Sungju JEE ; Il Young JUNG ; Ueon Woo RAH ; Byung Ok KIM ; Kyoung Hyo CHOI ; Bum Sun KWON ; Seung Don YOO ; Heui Je BANG ; Hyung Ik SHIN ; Yong Wook KIM ; Heeyoune JUNG ; Eung Ju KIM ; Jung Hwan LEE ; In Hyun JUNG ; Jae Seung JUNG ; Jong Young LEE ; Jae Young HAN ; Eun Young HAN ; Yu Hui WON ; Woosik HAN ; Sora BAEK ; Kyung Lim JOA ; Sook Joung LEE ; Ae Ryoung KIM ; So Young LEE ; Jihee KIM ; Hee Eun CHOI ; Byeong Ju LEE ; Soon KIM
Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine 2019;43(3):355-356
OBJECTIVE: Though clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are an effective and widely used treatment method worldwide, they are as yet not widely accepted in Korea. Given that cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of death in Korea, it is urgent that CR programs be developed. In 2008, the Government of Korea implemented CR programs at 11 university hospitals as part of its Regional Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center Project, and three additional medical facilities will be added in 2019. In addition, owing to the promotion of CR nationwide and the introduction of CR insurance benefits, 40 medical institutions nationwide have begun CR programs even as a growing number of medical institutions are preparing to offer CR. The purpose of this research was to develop evidence-based CPGs to support CR implementation in Korea. METHODS: This study is based on an analysis of CPGs elsewhere in the world, an extensive literature search, a systematic analysis of multiple randomized control trials, and a CPG management, development, and assessment committee comprised of 33 authors—primarily rehabilitation specialists, cardiologists, and thoracic surgeons in 21 university hospitals and two general hospitals. Twelve consultants, primarily rehabilitation, sports medicine, and preventive medicine specialists, CPG experts, nurses, physical therapists, clinical nutritionists, and library and information experts participated in the research and development of these CPGs. After the draft guidelines were developed, three rounds of public hearings were held with staff members from relevant academic societies and stakeholders, after which the guidelines were further reviewed and modified. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSIONS: CR involves a more cost-effective use of healthcare resources relative to that of general treatments, and the exercise component of CR lowers cardiovascular mortality and readmission rates, regardless of the type of coronary heart disease and type and setting of CR. Individualized CR programs should be considered together with various factors, including differences in heart function and lifestyle, and doing so will boost participation and adherence with the CR program, ultimately meeting the final goals of the program, namely reducing the recurrence of myocardial infarction and mortality rates.
Acute Coronary Syndrome
;
Cardiovascular Diseases
;
Cause of Death
;
Consultants
;
Coronary Disease
;
Delivery of Health Care
;
Heart
;
Hospitals, General
;
Hospitals, University
;
Humans
;
Insurance Benefits
;
Korea
;
Life Style
;
Methods
;
Mortality
;
Myocardial Infarction
;
Nutritionists
;
Physical Therapists
;
Preventive Medicine
;
Recurrence
;
Rehabilitation
;
Secondary Prevention
;
Specialization
;
Sports Medicine
;
Surgeons
7.Clinical Practice Guideline for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korea: Recommendations for Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention after Acute Coronary Syndrome
Chul KIM ; Jidong SUNG ; Jong Hwa LEE ; Won Seok KIM ; Goo Joo LEE ; Sungju JEE ; Il Young JUNG ; Ueon Woo RAH ; Byung Ok KIM ; Kyoung Hyo CHOI ; Bum Sun KWON ; Seung Don YOO ; Heui Je BANG ; Hyung Ik SHIN ; Yong Wook KIM ; Heeyoune JUNG ; Eung Ju KIM ; Jung Hwan LEE ; In Hyun JUNG ; Jae Seung JUNG ; Jong Young LEE ; Jae Young HAN ; Eun Young HAN ; Yu Hui WON ; Woosik HAN ; Sora BAEK ; Kyung Lim JOA ; Sook Joung LEE ; Ae Ryoung KIM ; So Young LEE ; Jihee KIM ; Hee Eun CHOI ; Byeong Ju LEE ; Soon KIM
Korean Circulation Journal 2019;49(11):1066-1111
Though clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are an effective and widely used treatment method worldwide, they are as yet not widely accepted in Korea. Given that cardiovascular (CV) disease is the second leading cause of death in Korea, it is urgent that CR programs be developed. In 2008, the Government of Korea implemented CR programs at 11 university hospitals as part of its Regional Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center Project, and 3 additional medical facilities will be added in 2019. In addition, owing to the promotion of CR nationwide and the introduction of CR insurance benefits, 40 medical institutions nationwide have begun CR programs even as a growing number of medical institutions are preparing to offer CR. The purpose of this research was to develop evidence-based CPGs to support CR implementation in Korea. This study is based on an analysis of CPGs elsewhere in the world, an extensive literature search, a systematic analysis of multiple randomized control trials, and a CPG management, development, and assessment committee comprised of thirty-three authors—primarily rehabilitation specialists, cardiologists, and thoracic surgeons in 21 university hospitals and 2 general hospitals. Twelve consultants, primarily rehabilitation, sports medicine, and preventive medicine specialists, CPG experts, nurses, physical therapists, clinical nutritionists, and library and information experts participated in the research and development of these CPGs. After the draft guidelines were developed, 3 rounds of public hearings were held with staff members from relevant academic societies and stakeholders, after which the guidelines were further reviewed and modified. CR involves a more cost-effective use of healthcare resources relative to that of general treatments, and the exercise component of CR lowers CV mortality and readmission rates, regardless of the type of coronary heart disease and type and setting of CR. Individualized CR programs should be considered together with various factors, including differences in heart function and lifestyle, and doing so will boost participation and adherence with the CR program, ultimately meeting the final goals of the program, namely reducing the recurrence of myocardial infarction and mortality rates.
Acute Coronary Syndrome
;
Cause of Death
;
Consultants
;
Coronary Disease
;
Delivery of Health Care
;
Heart
;
Hospitals, General
;
Hospitals, University
;
Humans
;
Insurance Benefits
;
Korea
;
Life Style
;
Methods
;
Mortality
;
Myocardial Infarction
;
Nutritionists
;
Physical Therapists
;
Preventive Medicine
;
Recurrence
;
Rehabilitation
;
Secondary Prevention
;
Specialization
;
Sports Medicine
;
Surgeons
8.Clinical Practice Guideline for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korea
Chul KIM ; Jidong SUNG ; Jong Hwa LEE ; Won Seok KIM ; Goo Joo LEE ; Sungju JEE ; Il Young JUNG ; Ueon Woo RAH ; Byung Ok KIM ; Kyoung Hyo CHOI ; Bum Sun KWON ; Seung Don YOO ; Heui Je BANG ; Hyung Ik SHIN ; Yong Wook KIM ; Heeyoune JUNG ; Eung Ju KIM ; Jung Hwan LEE ; In Hyun JUNG ; Jae Seung JUNG ; Jong Young LEE ; Jae Young HAN ; Eun Young HAN ; Yu Hui WON ; Woosik HAN ; Sora BAEK ; Kyung Lim JOA ; Sook Joung LEE ; Ae Ryoung KIM ; So Young LEE ; Jihee KIM ; Hee Eun CHOI ; Byeong Ju LEE ; Soon KIM
The Korean Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2019;52(4):248-285
BACKGROUND:
Though clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are an effective and widely used treatment method worldwide, they are as yet not widely accepted in Korea. Given that cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of death in Korea, it is urgent that CR programs be developed. In 2008, the Government of Korea implemented CR programs at 11 university hospitals as part of its Regional Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center Project, and 3 additional medical facilities will be added in 2019. In addition, owing to the promotion of CR nationwide and the introduction of CR insurance benefits, 40 medical institutions nationwide have begun CR programs even as a growing number of medical institutions are preparing to offer CR. The purpose of this research was to develop evidence-based CPGs to support CR implementation in Korea.
METHODS:
This study is based on an analysis of CPGs elsewhere in the world, an extensive literature search, a systematic analysis of multiple randomized control trials, and a CPG management, development, and assessment committee comprised of 33 authors—primarily rehabilitation specialists, cardiologists, and thoracic surgeons in 21 university hospitals and 2 general hospitals. Twelve consultants, primarily rehabilitation, sports medicine, and preventive medicine specialists, CPG experts, nurses, physical therapists, clinical nutritionists, and library and information experts participated in the research and development of these CPGs. After the draft guidelines were developed, 3 rounds of public hearings were held with staff members from relevant academic societies and stakeholders, after which the guidelines were further reviewed and modified.
RESULTS:
CR involves a more cost-effective use of healthcare resources relative to that of general treatments, and the exercise component of CR lowers cardiovascular mortality and readmission rates, regardless of the type of coronary heart disease and type and setting of CR.
CONCLUSION
Individualized CR programs should be considered together with various factors, including differences in heart function and lifestyle, and doing so will boost participation and adherence with the CR program, ultimately meeting the final goals of the program, namely reducing the recurrence of myocardial infarction and mortality rates.
9.Clinical Practice Guideline for Cardiac Rehabilitation in Korea: Recommendations for Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention after Acute Coronary Syndrome
Chul KIM ; Jidong SUNG ; Jong Hwa LEE ; Won Seok KIM ; Goo Joo LEE ; Sungju JEE ; Il Young JUNG ; Ueon Woo RAH ; Byung Ok KIM ; Kyoung Hyo CHOI ; Bum Sun KWON ; Seung Don YOO ; Heui Je BANG ; Hyung Ik SHIN ; Yong Wook KIM ; Heeyoune JUNG ; Eung Ju KIM ; Jung Hwan LEE ; In Hyun JUNG ; Jae Seung JUNG ; Jong Young LEE ; Jae Young HAN ; Eun Young HAN ; Yu Hui WON ; Woosik HAN ; Sora BAEK ; Kyung Lim JOA ; Sook Joung LEE ; Ae Ryoung KIM ; So Young LEE ; Jihee KIM ; Hee Eun CHOI ; Byeong Ju LEE ; Soon KIM
Korean Circulation Journal 2019;49(11):1066-1111
Though clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are an effective and widely used treatment method worldwide, they are as yet not widely accepted in Korea. Given that cardiovascular (CV) disease is the second leading cause of death in Korea, it is urgent that CR programs be developed. In 2008, the Government of Korea implemented CR programs at 11 university hospitals as part of its Regional Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center Project, and 3 additional medical facilities will be added in 2019. In addition, owing to the promotion of CR nationwide and the introduction of CR insurance benefits, 40 medical institutions nationwide have begun CR programs even as a growing number of medical institutions are preparing to offer CR. The purpose of this research was to develop evidence-based CPGs to support CR implementation in Korea. This study is based on an analysis of CPGs elsewhere in the world, an extensive literature search, a systematic analysis of multiple randomized control trials, and a CPG management, development, and assessment committee comprised of thirty-three authors—primarily rehabilitation specialists, cardiologists, and thoracic surgeons in 21 university hospitals and 2 general hospitals. Twelve consultants, primarily rehabilitation, sports medicine, and preventive medicine specialists, CPG experts, nurses, physical therapists, clinical nutritionists, and library and information experts participated in the research and development of these CPGs. After the draft guidelines were developed, 3 rounds of public hearings were held with staff members from relevant academic societies and stakeholders, after which the guidelines were further reviewed and modified. CR involves a more cost-effective use of healthcare resources relative to that of general treatments, and the exercise component of CR lowers CV mortality and readmission rates, regardless of the type of coronary heart disease and type and setting of CR. Individualized CR programs should be considered together with various factors, including differences in heart function and lifestyle, and doing so will boost participation and adherence with the CR program, ultimately meeting the final goals of the program, namely reducing the recurrence of myocardial infarction and mortality rates.
10.Clinical Practice Guidelines for Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Seoyon YANG ; Jin-Woo PARK ; Kyunghoon MIN ; Yoon Se LEE ; Young-Jin SONG ; Seong Hee CHOI ; Doo Young KIM ; Seung Hak LEE ; Hee Seung YANG ; Wonjae CHA ; Ji Won KIM ; Byung-Mo OH ; Han Gil SEO ; Min-Wook KIM ; Hee-Soon WOO ; Sung-Jong PARK ; Sungju JEE ; Ju Sun OH ; Ki Deok PARK ; Young Ju JIN ; Sungjun HAN ; DooHan YOO ; Bo Hae KIM ; Hyun Haeng LEE ; Yeo Hyung KIM ; Min-Gu KANG ; Eun-Jae CHUNG ; Bo Ryun KIM ; Tae-Woo KIM ; Eun Jae KO ; Young Min PARK ; Hanaro PARK ; Min-Su KIM ; Jungirl SEOK ; Sun IM ; Sung-Hwa KO ; Seong Hoon LIM ; Kee Wook JUNG ; Tae Hee LEE ; Bo Young HONG ; Woojeong KIM ; Weon-Sun SHIN ; Young Chan LEE ; Sung Joon PARK ; Jeonghyun LIM ; Youngkook KIM ; Jung Hwan LEE ; Kang-Min AHN ; Jun-Young PAENG ; JeongYun PARK ; Young Ae SONG ; Kyung Cheon SEO ; Chang Hwan RYU ; Jae-Keun CHO ; Jee-Ho LEE ; Kyoung Hyo CHOI
Journal of the Korean Dysphagia Society 2023;13(2):77-106
Objective:
Dysphagia is a common clinical condition characterized by difficulty in swallowing. It is sub-classified into oropharyngeal dysphagia, which refers to problems in the mouth and pharynx, and esophageal dysphagia, which refers to problems in the esophageal body and esophagogastric junction. Dysphagia can have a significant negative impact one’s physical health and quality of life as its severity increases. Therefore, proper assessment and management of dysphagia are critical for improving swallowing function and preventing complications. Thus a guideline was developed to provide evidence-based recommendations for assessment and management in patients with dysphagia.
Methods:
Nineteen key questions on dysphagia were developed. These questions dealt with various aspects of problems related to dysphagia, including assessment, management, and complications. A literature search for relevant articles was conducted using Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and one domestic database of KoreaMed, until April 2021. The level of evidence and recommendation grade were established according to the Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology.
Results:
Early screening and assessment of videofluoroscopic swallowing were recommended for assessing the presence of dysphagia. Therapeutic methods, such as tongue and pharyngeal muscle strengthening exercises and neuromuscular electrical stimulation with swallowing therapy, were effective in improving swallowing function and quality of life in patients with dysphagia. Nutritional intervention and an oral care program were also recommended.
Conclusion
This guideline presents recommendations for the assessment and management of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia, including rehabilitative strategies.