Traditionally, most cases of nicotine poisoning have been due to ingestion of nicotine pesticides. However, the increasing use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has resulted in both intentional and unintentional exposure to concentrated liquid nicotine or “eliquid” leading to an increase in nicotine poisoning cases. However, fatalities following the ingestion of the e-liquid are extremely rare. We report a rare case of cardiac arrest and severe encephalopathy following the intentional ingestion of e-liquid.We present the case of a 20-year-old woman who intentionally ingested liquid nicotine intended for e-cigarette use. She was found in asystole and experienced a return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after undergoing approximately 46 mins of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Her plasma nicotine levels were >500 ng/ml. Despite aggressive supportive care, she was found to have encephalopathy consistent with severe anoxic brain injury on magnetic resonance imaging.In recent times, there have been some reports of deaths following liquid nicotine ingestion. Our case illustrates the potential for fatal nicotine toxicity from ingestion of e-cigarettes.

In schizophrenia, while antipsychotic medications are the primary treatment, auditory hallucinations may sometimes persist despite pharmacotherapy, and negative symptoms and cognitive impairments often show a limited response to these medications. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a promising adjunctive treatment, capable of modulating neuronal activity in targeted brain regions. Low-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) directed at the left temporoparietal cortex has demonstrated efficacy in reducing auditory hallucinations. In addressing negative symptoms, high-frequency rTMS applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has shown some effectiveness, though outcomes can vary. Innovative techniques, including theta burst stimulation and personalized approaches utilizing neuroimaging, are currently under investigation to further enhance the therapeutic potential of TMS. This review examines the application of TMS in the treatment of schizophrenia, emphasizing the necessity of ongoing research to refine and optimize its efficacy across diverse symptom domains.

In schizophrenia, while antipsychotic medications are the primary treatment, auditory hallucinations may sometimes persist despite pharmacotherapy, and negative symptoms and cognitive impairments often show a limited response to these medications. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a promising adjunctive treatment, capable of modulating neuronal activity in targeted brain regions. Low-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) directed at the left temporoparietal cortex has demonstrated efficacy in reducing auditory hallucinations. In addressing negative symptoms, high-frequency rTMS applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has shown some effectiveness, though outcomes can vary. Innovative techniques, including theta burst stimulation and personalized approaches utilizing neuroimaging, are currently under investigation to further enhance the therapeutic potential of TMS. This review examines the application of TMS in the treatment of schizophrenia, emphasizing the necessity of ongoing research to refine and optimize its efficacy across diverse symptom domains.

In schizophrenia, while antipsychotic medications are the primary treatment, auditory hallucinations may sometimes persist despite pharmacotherapy, and negative symptoms and cognitive impairments often show a limited response to these medications. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a promising adjunctive treatment, capable of modulating neuronal activity in targeted brain regions. Low-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) directed at the left temporoparietal cortex has demonstrated efficacy in reducing auditory hallucinations. In addressing negative symptoms, high-frequency rTMS applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has shown some effectiveness, though outcomes can vary. Innovative techniques, including theta burst stimulation and personalized approaches utilizing neuroimaging, are currently under investigation to further enhance the therapeutic potential of TMS. This review examines the application of TMS in the treatment of schizophrenia, emphasizing the necessity of ongoing research to refine and optimize its efficacy across diverse symptom domains.

In schizophrenia, while antipsychotic medications are the primary treatment, auditory hallucinations may sometimes persist despite pharmacotherapy, and negative symptoms and cognitive impairments often show a limited response to these medications. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has emerged as a promising adjunctive treatment, capable of modulating neuronal activity in targeted brain regions. Low-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) directed at the left temporoparietal cortex has demonstrated efficacy in reducing auditory hallucinations. In addressing negative symptoms, high-frequency rTMS applied to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has shown some effectiveness, though outcomes can vary. Innovative techniques, including theta burst stimulation and personalized approaches utilizing neuroimaging, are currently under investigation to further enhance the therapeutic potential of TMS. This review examines the application of TMS in the treatment of schizophrenia, emphasizing the necessity of ongoing research to refine and optimize its efficacy across diverse symptom domains.

Successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) involves the restoration of hematopoietic function after engraftment, arising from the differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. Several factors could influence the course of allogeneic-HSCT (allo-HSCT). Therefore, knowledge of serum proteome changes during the allo-HSCT period might increase the efficacy of diagnosis and disease prevention efforts. This study conducted proteomic analyses to find proteins that were significantly altered in response to allo-HSCT. Sera from five representative patients who underwent allo-HSCT were analyzed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, and were measured on a weekly basis before and after allo-HSCT in additional 78 patients. Fourteen protein spots showing changes in expression were further examined, and most proteins were identified as acute phase proteins (APPs). Studies of 78 additional patients confirmed that C-reactive protein (CRP) and haptoglobin undergo expression changes during allo-HSCT and thus may have the potential to serve as representative markers of clinical events after allo-HSCT. Maximal CRP level affected the development of major transplant-related complications (MTCs) and other problems such as fever of unknown origin. Particularly, an increase in CRP level 21 days after allo-HSCT was found to be an independent risk factor for MTC. Maximal haptoglobin and haptoglobin level 14 days after allo-HSCT were predictive of relapses in underlying hematologic disease. Our results indicated that CRP and haptoglobin were significantly expressed during allo-HSCT, and suggest that their level can be monitored after allo-HSCT to assess the risks of early transplant-related complications and relapse.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Biological Markers ; C-Reactive Protein/*metabolism ; Female ; Haptoglobins/*metabolism ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proteome/*metabolism ; Proteomics ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: It is known that there are various factors associated with children's screen overuse. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of maternal depression on 2–5-year-old children's overuse of various household screen devices. METHODS: Participants were from the Internet-Cohort for Understanding of internet addiction Risk factors/Rescue in Early livelihood (I-CURE) study, an observational prospective cohort study in Korea. Screen time for six types of screen devices (smartphone, television, computer, tablet, video gaming console, and portable gaming console) were assessed by parental questionnaire. Maternal depression was measured by the Korean version of the Beck Depression Inventory II. Logistic regression models were run to determine the association between maternal depression and children's screen overuse. RESULTS: Maternal depression was associated with children's television overuse after adjusting for other factors (odds ratio, 1.954; P = 0.034). Contrary to expectation, the relationship between maternal depression and screen time was not present on other devices such as smartphones, computers and tablets. CONCLUSION: Maternal depression is related with 2–5-year-old children's television overuse. Interventions in maternal depressive symptoms and the associated changes in parent-child relationship can be useful for preventing children's television overuse.
Cohort Studies ; Computers, Handheld ; Depression* ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Internet ; Korea ; Logistic Models ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents ; Prospective Studies ; Smartphone ; Tablets ; Television

Objective: This study investigated the neurocognitive characteristics of patients who visited an outpatient clinic requesting diagnosis and treatment for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The patients’ electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Neurocognitive test results were compared using Student’s t-test according to their chief complaint, depressive symptoms, childhood history, and intelligence quotient (IQ). Neurocognitive characteristics affecting subjective symptoms of ADHD were analyzed by linear regression. Results: The study included 106 patients. They did not have significant deficits in neurocognitive tests. Patients with depressive symptoms showed more impulsive responses (hit reaction time [p=0.037] and commission error [p=0.024]) and self-reported ADHD symptoms (p=0.001). Verbal (p=0.036) and visual memory (p=0.020) were significantly deficient in patients with a childhood ADHD diagnosis. Patients with a low IQ had significant deficits in various domains. Depressive symptoms and vigilance were significantly related to subjective symptoms of ADHD (adjusted R2=0.430, β=0.457, p=0.002). Conclusion Our results imply that the neurocognitive function of patients with subjective ADHD symptoms was not abnormal but was affected by depressive symptoms.

Objective: This study investigated the neurocognitive characteristics of patients who visited an outpatient clinic requesting diagnosis and treatment for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The patients’ electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Neurocognitive test results were compared using Student’s t-test according to their chief complaint, depressive symptoms, childhood history, and intelligence quotient (IQ). Neurocognitive characteristics affecting subjective symptoms of ADHD were analyzed by linear regression. Results: The study included 106 patients. They did not have significant deficits in neurocognitive tests. Patients with depressive symptoms showed more impulsive responses (hit reaction time [p=0.037] and commission error [p=0.024]) and self-reported ADHD symptoms (p=0.001). Verbal (p=0.036) and visual memory (p=0.020) were significantly deficient in patients with a childhood ADHD diagnosis. Patients with a low IQ had significant deficits in various domains. Depressive symptoms and vigilance were significantly related to subjective symptoms of ADHD (adjusted R2=0.430, β=0.457, p=0.002). Conclusion Our results imply that the neurocognitive function of patients with subjective ADHD symptoms was not abnormal but was affected by depressive symptoms.

Objective: This study investigated the neurocognitive characteristics of patients who visited an outpatient clinic requesting diagnosis and treatment for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: The patients’ electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Neurocognitive test results were compared using Student’s t-test according to their chief complaint, depressive symptoms, childhood history, and intelligence quotient (IQ). Neurocognitive characteristics affecting subjective symptoms of ADHD were analyzed by linear regression. Results: The study included 106 patients. They did not have significant deficits in neurocognitive tests. Patients with depressive symptoms showed more impulsive responses (hit reaction time [p=0.037] and commission error [p=0.024]) and self-reported ADHD symptoms (p=0.001). Verbal (p=0.036) and visual memory (p=0.020) were significantly deficient in patients with a childhood ADHD diagnosis. Patients with a low IQ had significant deficits in various domains. Depressive symptoms and vigilance were significantly related to subjective symptoms of ADHD (adjusted R2=0.430, β=0.457, p=0.002). Conclusion Our results imply that the neurocognitive function of patients with subjective ADHD symptoms was not abnormal but was affected by depressive symptoms.