We investigated that the relationship between body fat content and maximal muscle strength when skeletal muscle mass was matched. Muscle mass was measured from 140 preliminary selected people, and 30 males were finally selected and divided into one of four experimental groups: low body fat (group 1, ≤11.9%), low-moderate fat (group 2, 12.0%-16.9%), moderate-high fat (group 3, 17.0%-22.9%), high fat (group 4, ≥23.0%). All subjects undertook one repetition maximum (1RM) test of abdominal and back upper body's and lower body's, and bench press, squat, and back strength dynamometer was used. Repeated oneway analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test was adopted to specify mean differences among groups. Statistical significance level was set at α=0.05. 1RM of bench press was not different among groups (p>0.05) even though values from group 2 was marginally higher (15.9%) than group 1 values (p=0.091). 1RM of squat was higher in group 4 compared to group 2 and group 3 (p<0.05), and maximal back muscular strength was higher in group 1 and group 3 than group 2 (p<0.05). However, total 1RM values, sum of 1RM obtained from different exercises, did not reveal any statistical differences. No notable correlation was found between percent body fat (%BF) and maximal muscular strength. Interestingly, negative correlation of muscular strength was observed between %BF and relative (per kilogram) body mass (p<0.001), but not with between %BF and relative skeletal muscle mass. Therefore, it was concluded that maximal muscular strength is influenced not by fat mass but by skeletal muscle mass.
Adipose Tissue* ; Exercise ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle Strength* ; Muscle, Skeletal

The lower 2(nd) molar eruption is beginning to mesiolingually, then rotate to distobuccally so it has a tendency to be tilted and impacted mesially. Signs and symptoms of impacted 2(nd) molar are similar to impacted 3(rd) molar's. However, treatment plan for impacted 2nd molar is different from that of impacted 3(rd)'s. The former is the preservation and uprighting of 2(nd) molar so that it could act to recovery of mastication, symmetrical facial growth, maintaining the symmetry of dental arch, stable occlusion, while the latter is the extraction of tooth. If the uprighting treatment is planned, most proper protocol of treatment and the additional treatment opition should be applied with consideration for it's crown exposure, present of 3(rd) molar which interrupt the uprighting process, extrusion of opposite tooth. Although it could not improve the esthetic result, it could prevent many dental problems. Therefore, uprighting for impacted lower 2(nd) molar is meaningful treatment.
Crowns ; Dental Arch ; Mastication ; Molar* ; Tooth ; Tooth Movement

PURPOSE: DNA flow cytometry is a simple and easy method to assess the DNA content and the cell-cycle distribution of a tumor cell. The prognostic significance of the DNA content and the S-phase fraction in a gastric carcinoma has been controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the nuclear DNA content and the S-phase fraction in patients with a gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Between May 1995 and March 1996, 94 patients who were underwent a gastric resection for a gastric carcinoma were evaluated with DNA flow cytometry. Of them, 88 patients underwent a gastric resection with curative intent. The relationship of variable clinicopathological factors and of recurrence pattern to survival and nuclear DNA content were assessed. RESULTS: The mean age was 55 years. 55 patients (58.5%) exbitied diploidy and 39 patients (41.5%) aneuploidy. There was no relationship between the clinicopathological factors and either the ploidy pattern or the S-phase fraction. Though the recurrence and its pattern were not different between the two ploidy group (p=0.860, 0.137), diploidy tended to recur locoregionally and aneuploidy hematogenously. CONCLUSION: The ploidy pattern was a significant prognostic factor in gastric carcinomas, but should be interpreted carefully.
Aneuploidy ; Diploidy ; DNA* ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Ploidies ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

Metastasis to the pituitary gland from systemic cancer is a rare condition. The breast and lung are the most common sites of primary tumor metastasis. Most often, they occur in the setting of widespread metastatic disease, which most frequently occurs in elderly patients. However, an increase in the incidence of solitary pituitary metastasis of breast cancer as the first recurrence has been reported. Diabetes insipidus is the most frequent symptom at presentation, and visual field defects or cranial nerve deficits are common symptoms of pituitary metastasis. Unlikely these symptoms, deficiencies of anterior pituitary hormones may only become evident in critical situation because symptoms are of an insidious onset and sometimes nonspecific. We report here on a rare case of solitary pituitary metastasis from breast cancer presenting as hyponatremia without other symptoms.
Aged ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Cranial Nerves ; Diabetes Insipidus ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Incidence ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Pituitary Gland ; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Recurrence ; Visual Fields

PURPOSE: Gallbladder cancer had poor prognosis because it is usually detected at a late stage. Some GB polyps are diagnosed as cancerous on the postoperative pathology. Because of the significance of the early detection of the cancer, the relationship between GB polyp and cancer is important. METHODS: From January 1994 to May, 2004, 94 cases of GB polypoid lesions were identified and diagnosed after cholecystectomy was performed at the Korea University Medical Center Anam hospital. The pateints' age, gender, the symptoms and signs, the diagnostic tools, the operative methods and the histopathologic findings were investigated. RESULTS: For the 94 patients, the mean age was 50.3+/-13.1 years and there were 42 males (44.7%). 92 patients were evaluated by abdominal ultrasonography, and it had a sensitivity of 72.8%. On the histopathologic results, there were 76 cases of benign polyps and 18 cases of malignant polyps. The diameter of the malignant polyps was 17.3+/-8.5 mm and the diameter of the benign polyps was 6.4+/-3.0 mm, so the malignant polyps were larger than the benign polyps. The mean age of the malignant polyp group was 62.6+/-14.2 years and the mean age of the benign polyp group was 47.1+/-11.1. The patients of the malignant polyp group were older than the patients of the benign polyp group. 19 GB polyps were greater than 10 mm in diameter and among them, there were 15 cases of malignant polyps (78.94%). CONCLUSION: The size of the polyps and the patient's age could be risk factors for malignant polyps, and the malignant potential was high for the polyps that exceeded 10 mm and for a patient age that exceeded 60 years. Surgical treatment is recommended for these patients.
Academic Medical Centers ; Cholecystectomy ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; Gallbladder* ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Pathology ; Polyps* ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Ultrasonography

Changes in radial and longitudinal left ventricular (LV) function were investigated in beagles with iatrogenic hypercortisolism. A total of 11 normal dogs were used, and 2 mg/kg prednisone was administered per oral q12 h for 28 days to 7 out of 11 dogs to induce iatrogenic hypercortisolism. Body weight, blood pressure, conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of normal and iatrogenic hypercortisolism groups were conducted. The myocardial wall velocity of the LV was measured using color TDI and myocardial deformation was determined by the strain and strain rate. Conventional echocardiography revealed that the diastolic LV free wall and interventricular septum in the hypercortisolism group were thickened relative to those in the normal group. The peak early diastolic myocardial velocity and early to late diastolic myocardial velocity ratio of TDI in the hypercortisolism group were significantly lower than those in the normal group. The strain values in the hypercortisolism group were significantly lower than those in the normal group, particularly for longitudinal wall motion. The lower values of myocardium from TDI and strain imaging could be used to investigate subclinical LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction in dogs with the iatrogenic hypercortisolism.
Animals ; Cushing Syndrome/etiology/*veterinary ; Dogs ; Echocardiography, Doppler/*veterinary ; Heart Ventricles/*ultrasonography ; Iatrogenic Disease/veterinary ; Male ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Ventricular Function, Left

A. xylosoxidans infection can result in potentially severe sequelae, especially in unhealthy populations. We present a rare case of infectious skin ulceration with scar contracture due to A. xylosoxidans in a healthy patient. A 53-year-old male patient without underlying disease and trauma history visited our department for an irritating skin ulcer with purulent discharge on the right lower leg. The chronic wound on the leg exists since he got contact burn 30 years ago. The wound did not respond to treatment, and the wound culture results indicated A. xylosoxidans. Given the incurable character of A. xylosoxidans, we performed a wide excision and split thickness skin graft with collagen-elastin matrix (Matriderm(R)). A. xylosoxidans is an opportunistic, aerobic, gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is oxidase positive. According to reports, A. xylosoxidans is not sensitive to many antibiotics and can cause bacteremia. It is suggested that the blood supply is compromised near a scar lesion despite the fact that blood flow is rather increased during the initial scar formation phase. Therefore, we presumed that the infection was most likely caused by low blood circulation due to scar contracture. Thus, when a scar contracture is present, A. xylosoxidans infection can manifest in a healthy patient.
Alcaligenes* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteremia ; Blood Circulation ; Burns ; Cicatrix ; Contracture ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxidoreductases ; Skin ; Skin Ulcer* ; Transplants ; Wounds and Injuries

Purpose: Single-incision cholecystectomy is a surgical method that offers comparable results to conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, a high risk of postoperative incisional hernia is an issue in single-incision cholecystectomy. This study evaluated the risk factors and incidences of incisional hernia after single-incision cholecystectomy and the advantage issue of using barbed suture material during wound closures. Methods: A total of 1,111 patients underwent laparoscopic or robotic single-incision cholecystectomy between March 2014 and February 2020 at our institution at CHA Bundang Medical Center. During this period, there were 693 patients who underwent wound closure with monofilament suture material (Monosyn 2-0; B. Braun) and the other 418 patients used barbed suture material (Stratafix 2-0; Ethicon). Results: The two patient groups were comparable in age, body mass index, and diagnosis. The total incidence of incisional hernia after single-incision cholecystectomy was 0.5% (five cases). All patients who developed incisional hernia were in the monofilament suture material group (0.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.021). The inf luence of predictive and possible risk factors on incisional hernia rate was analyzed. Among these factors, only old age was an independent predictive risk factor of incisional hernia. Conclusion Our study showed a low incidence of incisional hernia, all of which occurred in the monofilament suture material group. If technically appropriate, single-incision cholecystectomy does not appear to present a high incidence of hernia. Barbed suture material can be safely applied in wound closure showing comparable incisional hernia incidence to monofilament suture material.

Purpose: Single-incision cholecystectomy is a surgical method that offers comparable results to conventional laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, a high risk of postoperative incisional hernia is an issue in single-incision cholecystectomy. This study evaluated the risk factors and incidences of incisional hernia after single-incision cholecystectomy and the advantage issue of using barbed suture material during wound closures. Methods: A total of 1,111 patients underwent laparoscopic or robotic single-incision cholecystectomy between March 2014 and February 2020 at our institution at CHA Bundang Medical Center. During this period, there were 693 patients who underwent wound closure with monofilament suture material (Monosyn 2-0; B. Braun) and the other 418 patients used barbed suture material (Stratafix 2-0; Ethicon). Results: The two patient groups were comparable in age, body mass index, and diagnosis. The total incidence of incisional hernia after single-incision cholecystectomy was 0.5% (five cases). All patients who developed incisional hernia were in the monofilament suture material group (0.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.021). The inf luence of predictive and possible risk factors on incisional hernia rate was analyzed. Among these factors, only old age was an independent predictive risk factor of incisional hernia. Conclusion Our study showed a low incidence of incisional hernia, all of which occurred in the monofilament suture material group. If technically appropriate, single-incision cholecystectomy does not appear to present a high incidence of hernia. Barbed suture material can be safely applied in wound closure showing comparable incisional hernia incidence to monofilament suture material.

Objective: The authors analyzed the characteristics of pediatric patients who visited trauma center due to injuries sustained while riding scooters and suggested recommendations on our concerns about pediatric scooter use. Methods: From January 2019 to June 2022, we collected data for those who visited due to accidents while riding scooters. And, the analysis was conducted by dividing it into pediatric (younger than 12 years) and adult (older than 20 years) patients. Results: There were 264 children (<12 years), and 217 adults (>19 years). We observed 170 head injuries (64.4%), in the pediatric population and 130 head injuries (60.0%) in the adult population. There were no significant differences between pediatric and adult patients for all three injured regions. Among pediatric patients, only 1 reported the use of protective headgear (0.4%). The patient suffered a cerebral concussion. However, 9 of the pediatric patients who did not wear protective headgear suffered major trauma. Among 217 adult patients, 8 (3.7%) had used headgear. 6 suffered major trauma and 2 suffered minor trauma.Of the patients who did not wear protective headgear, 41 suffered major trauma and 81 suffered minor trauma. Since there was only one patient in the pediatric group who wore headgear, no statistical inferences could be calculated. Conclusion In the pediatric population, the head injury rate is as high as in adults. We were unable to statistically support the significance of headgear in the current study. However, in our general experience, the importance of headgear is overlooked in the pediatric population compared to adults. It is necessary to encourage the use of headgear actively publicly.