Changes in the cardiovascular and bispectral index score were evaluated in dogs subjected to constant rate infusion (CRI) with alfaxalone. Fifteen dogs were assigned to three groups of 5. Groups and doses of alfaxalone were as follows: group 1, 3 mg/kg for induction and 6 mg/kg/h for CRI; group 2, 3 mg/kg for induction and 8 mg/kg/h for CRI; and group 3, 3 mg/kg for induction and 10 mg/kg/h for CRI. CRI was maintained for 1 h. Respiratory rates and blood pressures showed minimal changes; however, mild tachycardia and mild hypoxemia occurred, especially in group 3. There were some disparities between bispectral index score, electromyography and pedal withdrawal reflex test when measuring anesthetic depth. Additional premedications and/or analgesic agents would be helpful to avoid adverse effects of alfaxalone and provide improved cardiopulmonary functions.
Analgesics ; Animals ; Anoxia ; Dogs* ; Electromyography ; Premedication ; Reflex ; Respiratory Rate ; Tachycardia

The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of beta-glucan originating from Aureobasidium on full-thickness skin wound healing in diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/ db mouse models. In the diabetic C57BL/KsJ-db/db model, test articles were topically applied twice a day for 20 days starting from 1 day after wounding. The results were compared to that of MadecassolTM ointment (madecassol; 1% Centella asiatica extracts) topically applied at a concentration of 100 mg/kg. Treatment with beta-glucan resulted in significant (p<0.01 or p<0.05) and dose-dependent decreases in wound size compared with that of vehicle control showing increased wound size (WS, %). In addition, 50% contraction time (CT50) was dramatically and dose-dependently reduced, and inflammatory cells in granulation tissues of the wound area were significantly (p<0.01 or p<0.05) and dosedependently reduced compared with that of vehicle control showing increased numbers of micro-vessels and fibroblasts as well as re-epithelialization. In the madecassol group, similar changes in inflammatory cells and fibroblasts with re-epithelialization were also observed, but madecassol did not influence angiogenesis. No meaningful changes in body weight were detected in all tested groups compared with the vehicle control. Therefore, these data suggest that beta-glucan has a beneficial effect on diabetic delayed skin wound healing and may be useful to manage incurable skin wounds in diabetic animals.
Animals ; Body Weight ; Centella ; Fibroblasts ; Granulation Tissue ; Mice* ; Re-Epithelialization ; Skin ; Wound Healing* ; Wounds and Injuries*

Background: This clinical trial was conducted to determine whether combined use of magnesium sulfate and vitamin C more significantly reduced postoperative fentanyl consumption and pain than magnesium sulfate or vitamin C alone. Methods: The prospective, double-blinded, randomized controlled study enrolled 132 patients scheduled for laparoscopic gynecologic surgery. The patients were randomly allocated to one of the four groups (n = 33 for each group; Group M [magnesium sulfate 40 mg/kg], Group V [vitamin C 50 mg/kg], Group MV [magnesium sulfate 40 mg/kg and vitamin C 50 mg/kg] and Group C [isotonic saline 40 ml]). Cumulative postoperative fentanyl consumption (primary endpoint measure), postoperative pain score by numeric rating scale, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were recorded at 1, 6, 24, and 48 h after discharge from the postanesthesia care unit. Results: Cumulative postoperative fentanyl consumption was significantly less in Groups M, V, and MV than in Group C at all time points. Group MV showed significantly less cumulative postoperative fentanyl consumption than Group M at postoperative 24 h (mean ± standard deviation, 156.6 ± 67.5 vs. 235.6 ± 94.6 μg, P = 0.001), as well as significantly less consumption than Groups M and V at postoperative 48 h (190.8 ± 74.6 vs. 301.0 ± 114.8 or 284.1 ± 128.6 μg, P < 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions Combined use of magnesium sulfate and vitamin C provides an additional benefit in postoperative pain management after laparoscopic gynecologic surgery in comparison to single administration of magnesium sulfate or vitamin C.

Fournier’s gangrene is infectious, necrotizing, life-threatening fasciitis of the perineal, genital, and perianal regions leading to soft-tissue necrosis and sepsis, and is treated with aggressive surgical debridement and antimicrobial agents. Negative-pressure wound therapy can be used if septic risk is controlled. An 82-year-old woman presented with Fournier’s gangrene and septic shock. After emergency debridement, perineal resection, a colostomy, and daily wound debridement was performed under general anesthesia (1 week). Multiple intubations and extubations under general anesthesia are a risk factor for poor patient outcomes. Therefore, negative-pressure wound therapy was performed under light sedation using noninvasive ventilation in the intensive care unit after extubation and for wound debridement. One month later, the perineum was reconstructed. Procedures performed under light sedation should be considered for patients requiring periodic invasive surgical procedures who are burdened by repeated general anesthesia. The number of general anesthesia sessions was significantly reduced by using noninvasive ventilation.

Fournier’s gangrene is infectious, necrotizing, life-threatening fasciitis of the perineal, genital, and perianal regions leading to soft-tissue necrosis and sepsis, and is treated with aggressive surgical debridement and antimicrobial agents. Negative-pressure wound therapy can be used if septic risk is controlled. An 82-year-old woman presented with Fournier’s gangrene and septic shock. After emergency debridement, perineal resection, a colostomy, and daily wound debridement was performed under general anesthesia (1 week). Multiple intubations and extubations under general anesthesia are a risk factor for poor patient outcomes. Therefore, negative-pressure wound therapy was performed under light sedation using noninvasive ventilation in the intensive care unit after extubation and for wound debridement. One month later, the perineum was reconstructed. Procedures performed under light sedation should be considered for patients requiring periodic invasive surgical procedures who are burdened by repeated general anesthesia. The number of general anesthesia sessions was significantly reduced by using noninvasive ventilation.

Fournier’s gangrene is infectious, necrotizing, life-threatening fasciitis of the perineal, genital, and perianal regions leading to soft-tissue necrosis and sepsis, and is treated with aggressive surgical debridement and antimicrobial agents. Negative-pressure wound therapy can be used if septic risk is controlled. An 82-year-old woman presented with Fournier’s gangrene and septic shock. After emergency debridement, perineal resection, a colostomy, and daily wound debridement was performed under general anesthesia (1 week). Multiple intubations and extubations under general anesthesia are a risk factor for poor patient outcomes. Therefore, negative-pressure wound therapy was performed under light sedation using noninvasive ventilation in the intensive care unit after extubation and for wound debridement. One month later, the perineum was reconstructed. Procedures performed under light sedation should be considered for patients requiring periodic invasive surgical procedures who are burdened by repeated general anesthesia. The number of general anesthesia sessions was significantly reduced by using noninvasive ventilation.

A 12-year-old, castrated male, mixed dog presented with a history of gradual abdominal distention for a year and anorexia recently, with abdominal radiographs showing a gastric pylorus distention. A solitary, pedunculated, heterogeneous mass arising from the mucosal layer in the pylorus with intact wall layers was identified during ultrasound and computed tomography. The gastric muscular layer was evenly thick. After surgical excision of the mass, histological examination confirmed hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy with polypoid growth and Helicobacter spp. infiltrating the gastric mucosal epithelium. This is the first reported diagnostic imaging case of hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy with Helicobacter spp. in a dog.

A 12-year-old, castrated male, mixed dog presented with a history of gradual abdominal distention for a year and anorexia recently, with abdominal radiographs showing a gastric pylorus distention. A solitary, pedunculated, heterogeneous mass arising from the mucosal layer in the pylorus with intact wall layers was identified during ultrasound and computed tomography. The gastric muscular layer was evenly thick. After surgical excision of the mass, histological examination confirmed hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy with polypoid growth and Helicobacter spp. infiltrating the gastric mucosal epithelium. This is the first reported diagnostic imaging case of hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy with Helicobacter spp. in a dog.

and Relevance: Severe necrosis and mild fibrosis were observed in the liver and forelimb skeletal muscles. Based on histological analysis, we diagnosed iron overload myopathy by secondary hemochromatosis. Secondary hemochromatosis with severe muscle atrophy and myositis is very rare, and this is the first report of iron-overload myopathy in a dog.

and Relevance: Severe necrosis and mild fibrosis were observed in the liver and forelimb skeletal muscles. Based on histological analysis, we diagnosed iron overload myopathy by secondary hemochromatosis. Secondary hemochromatosis with severe muscle atrophy and myositis is very rare, and this is the first report of iron-overload myopathy in a dog.