PURPOSE: The study was done to examine whether consciousness of calling and life satisfaction have a mediating effect in the relationship between nursing students' purpose of life and their quality of life. METHODS: The participants were 171 nursing students studying in two colleges of nursing located in Chungcheong and Gyeonggi Province. Measurements included the purpose in life questionnaire, Korea-version WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, brief calling scale and satisfaction with life scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and multiple regression techniques with SPSS 24.0. Mediation analysis was performed according to the Baron and Kenny method and Sobel test. RESULTS: There were significant correlations among purpose in life, consciousness of calling, satisfaction with life and quality of life. Consciousness of calling and satisfaction with life showed perfect mediating effects in the relationship between purpose in life and quality of life. CONCLUSION: In this study, nursing students' purpose in life had significant influences on nursing students' quality of life via calling consciousness and satisfaction with life. Therefore, to enhance quality of life for nursing students, it is necessary to build effective strategies and education programs to enhance nursing students' purpose in life, consciousness of calling and satisfaction with life.
Consciousness ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Methods ; Negotiating ; Nursing ; Quality of Life ; Students, Nursing

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to examine whether healthy diet score was associated with stress and social support among 472 Chinese college students in Korea. METHODS: The study participants were 472 (187 male, 285 female) Chinese college students in Gyeong-gi area. From April 2013 to Oct 2013, participants were asked to fill out questionnaires on healthy diet score (20 questions), stress (20 questions), and social support (20 questions). Each question was scored by a 5-point Likert scale (total scores of each questionnaire were ranged from 20 to 100). Questions on healthy diet were sub-categorized as 'Healthy food eating (HFE)', 'Healthy eating habits (HEH)', and 'Avoidance of unhealthy food (AUF)'. Reliability test was conducted with Cronbach's alphalpha (alpha=0.79). RESULTS: Healthy diet score was higher in participants who stayed longer in Korea, who spoke Korean language fluently, and who assessed his or her own health status as very good. Adjusted means of healthy diet scores were estimated after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, duration of staying, and Korean language fluency. According to tertile categories, participants with low tertile stress but high tertile social support showed the highest score of healthy diet (72.59+/-1.45), whereas participants with high tertile of stress but low tertile of social support had the lowest score of healthy diet (59.22+/-1.54). As for the three sub-categories of healthy diet score, the score of HFE increased as the score of social support increased. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that social support system is beneficial to alleviate stress and to improve healthy diet score.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Body Mass Index ; Diet* ; Eating ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with smartphone overdependency in preschool children based on an analysis of mother, child, and their mutual dyadic relationships. METHODS: Data were collected from 171 mothers of preschool children enrolled at daycare centers and kindergartens from January to March 2018. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the t-test, analysis of variance with Scheffé post hoc test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical regression analysis using SPSS version 24. RESULTS: The self regulation of preschool children (β=−.358, p < .001) was the factor most closely associated with smartphone overdependency. The second most closely associated factor was children's use of a smartphone 0.5–1 hour daily (β=−.249, p=.005). Additional associated factors were mothers' use of a smartphone for 3–4 hours daily (β=.217, p=.002), children's use of a smartphone for less than 0.5 hour daily (β=−.212, p=.006), and children's use of a smartphone for 1–2 days per week (β=−.205, p=.026). CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to try to develop guidelines and programs to prevent smart phone overdependency in preschool children.
Child ; Child, Preschool* ; Humans ; Mothers ; Self-Control ; Smartphone*

Objectives: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the associations between food groups and hearing loss. Methods: Data of 1,312 individuals were used from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013. Hearing loss was determined with a pure tone average (PTA) of greater than 25 dB in either ear. The PTA was measured as the average hearing threshold at speech frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. The dietary intake was examined with a food frequency questionnaire with 112 food items. The food items were classified into 25 food groups. A weighted logistic regression was used to investigate the association. Results: Individuals in the highest tertile of vegetables and nuts food groups were less likely to have hearing loss than those in the lowest tertile [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.58 (95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.38-0.91), P = 0.019; OR = 0.59 (95% CI 0.39-0.90), P = 0.020, respectively], after adjusting for confounding variables of age, sex, body mass index, drinking, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and physical activity. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study, we observed that high intake of vegetables and nuts food groups revealed significant inverse associations with hearing loss, after adjusting for confounding variables among 1,312 participants.

Objectives: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the associations between food groups and hearing loss. Methods: Data of 1,312 individuals were used from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013. Hearing loss was determined with a pure tone average (PTA) of greater than 25 dB in either ear. The PTA was measured as the average hearing threshold at speech frequencies of 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. The dietary intake was examined with a food frequency questionnaire with 112 food items. The food items were classified into 25 food groups. A weighted logistic regression was used to investigate the association. Results: Individuals in the highest tertile of vegetables and nuts food groups were less likely to have hearing loss than those in the lowest tertile [Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.58 (95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.38-0.91), P = 0.019; OR = 0.59 (95% CI 0.39-0.90), P = 0.020, respectively], after adjusting for confounding variables of age, sex, body mass index, drinking, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and physical activity. Conclusions In this cross-sectional study, we observed that high intake of vegetables and nuts food groups revealed significant inverse associations with hearing loss, after adjusting for confounding variables among 1,312 participants.

OBJECTIVES: While recent studies showed that coffee consumption reduced the risk of all-cause mortality, no study has examined the effect of coffee consumption on all-cause mortality related to sleep disorders. We aimed to examine whether sleep-related disorders would differently affect the association between coffee consumption and the risk of all-cause mortality among 8,075 adults aged 40 to 69 years. METHODS: In a prospective cohort study, the study participants were biennially followed up for 12 years from 2001 to 2012. On each follow-up visit, the participants underwent comprehensive tests including anthropometric examinations, interviewer-administered questionnaires, and biochemical tests. Coffee consumption frequency and the amount were measured using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Using death certificate data from Korean National Statistical Office, the vital status of each study participant was identified. Sleep-related disorders were examined with interviewer-administered questionnaires. We estimated Hazard ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals from Cox Proportional Hazard models. Multivariable models were established after adjusting for center, total caloric intake, age, gender, body mass index, physical activity, education, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, c-reactive protein, energy-adjusted food groups of refined grains, vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, and dairy. RESULTS: Compared with those who had no coffee consumption, participants who had about three cups of coffee per day showed a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, after adjusting for covariates. Those who had a sleep-related disorder showed no significant effect of coffee consumption on the risk of all-cause mortality, whereas those who had no sleep-related disorders showed significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that approximately three cups of coffee per day would be beneficial to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality only among adults with no sleep-related disorders. Coffee consumption should be prudent for those with sleep-related symptoms.
Adult ; Body Mass Index ; C-Reactive Protein ; Edible Grain ; Cholesterol ; Coffee* ; Cohort Studies ; Death Certificates ; Drinking ; Education ; Energy Intake ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fruit ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Meat ; Mortality* ; Motor Activity ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vegetables

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have suggested that information processing impairment is the main pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The P300 event-related potential (ERP) has been widely used, in diseases with cognitive dysfunction, such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease, for detecting abnormality in information processing. This study examined P300 characteristics of PTSD patients. METHODS: We recruited 23 patients (mean age 44.35) who met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD and matched 24 normal control (NC) subjects by age and education level. The NC group had no personal history of psychiatric or neurological abnormality. We conducted the Korean version of the structured interview for PTSD (K-SIPS) and Davidson trauma scale (DTS) with the PTSD patients. Then we measured P300 amplitude and latency on 3 electrodes (Cz, CPz, Pz) in both PTSD patients and the NC group. RESULTS: Compared with the NC, the P300 amplitudes of PTSD patients were lower on Cz (PTSD: NC=5.51+/-2.82 uV : 11.80+/-5.18 uV, p<0.01), CPz (PTSD : NC=5.84+/-2.71 uV : 12.69+/-4.51 uV, p<0.01) and Pz (PTSD : NC=5.01+/-2.60 uV : 10.99+/-4.24 uV, p<0.01). We found increasing tendency toward P300 latency in PTSD group compared with NC. However, the BDI and DTS symptom severity scores were negatively correlated with the P300 amplitude of Pz. CONCLUSION: There was a significant reduction of P300 amplitudes in PTSD patients. Compared to NC group, PTSD patients showed a reduced P300 amplitude significantly correlated with symptom severity. The present findings suggest PTSD patients experience cognitive dysfunction and ERP P300 can be a useful surrogate marker of symptom severity in PTSD patients.
Alzheimer Disease ; Automatic Data Processing ; Biomarkers ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Electrodes ; Event-Related Potentials, P300 ; Humans ; Schizophrenia ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

OBJECTIVES: Number of previous studies reported poor treatment outcome of longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP). The purpose of this study was to determine whether DUP was associated with clinical and cognitive variables in patients with schizophrenia in Korea. METHODS: The data were collected from forty-five patients with DSM-IV schizophrenia who were hospitalizaed. Demographic data, psychiatric family history, insight, duration of first hospitalization, age of onset, DUP, cognitive function, and premorbid functioning were assessed. RESULTS: The mean DUP was 23.7 months. Female subjects showed longer DUP (p<0.007) independent of age of onset. No significant correlations were observed between DUP and clinical and cognitive variables except the highest Global Assessment Functioning score in past year (r=-0.35, p=0.02). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support the hypothesis of a psychotoxic effect of prolonged period of untreated psychosis.
Age of Onset ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Korea ; Psychotic Disorders* ; Schizophrenia* ; Treatment Outcome

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore nursing students' experiences of debriefing after simulation-based learning and to obtain fundamental data to support the development of effective teaching strategies. METHODS: Sixty-seven nursing students participated in this study from April to May, 2017. This was a descriptive study analyzing the content of students' descriptions of structured questions in 3 stages (description, analysis, and application) based on recorded videos. RESULTS: The description stage was classified into 3 categories for problem recognition, 4 categories for the nursing plan, and 6 categories for the nursing intervention. The analysis stage was classified into 6 categories for satisfactory practice, 3 categories for experience and 4 categories for what they learned through practice. The application stage was classified into 5 categories, that were to be mastered, and 6 categories, that were important to recognize. CONCLUSION: This study succeeded in charaterizing learners' experiences of debriefing. During the debriefing, students watched recorded videos, and we found that self-evaluation through structured questionnaires could be a very effective way to strengthen students' core competencies. Our content analysis of the debriefing is expected to contribute to the development of effective strategies in simulation-based education for students and nurses.
Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Education ; Education, Nursing* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal* ; Learning ; Nursing* ; Patient Simulation ; Students, Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a virtual reality simulation and a blended simulation on nursing care for children with asthma through an evaluation of critical thinking, problem-solving processes, and clinical performance in both education groups before and after the educational intervention.METHODS: The participants were 48 nursing students. The experimental group (n=22) received a blended simulation, combining a virtual reality simulation and a high-fidelity simulation, while the control group (n=26) received only a virtual reality simulation. Data were collected from February 25 to 28, 2019 and analyzed using SPSS version 25 for Windows.RESULTS: The pretest and posttest results of each group showed statistically significant improvements in critical thinking, problem-solving processes, and clinical performance. In a comparison of the results of the two education groups, the only statistically significant difference was found for critical thinking.CONCLUSION: Simulation-based education in child nursing has continued to involve high-fidelity simulations that are currently run in many programs. However, incorporating a new type of blended simulation, combining a virtual reality simulation and a high-fidelity simulation, into the nursing curriculum may contribute to the further development of nursing education.
Asthma ; Child ; Computer User Training ; Curriculum ; Education ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Nursing ; Nursing Care ; Patient Simulation ; Pediatric Nursing ; Students, Nursing ; Thinking