In Korea, the nosocomial infection control program is not well estabilished. This study was carried out to investigate the incidence rate of nosocomial infection occurred among patients of 18 hospitals for 7 days ; cases of hospital infection per 10,000 patients discharged during the same period in Korea. The study was done in 18 volunteer hospitals and nosocomial infection cases for 7 days were collected retrospectively. The result was as follows; 1. The incidence rate of nosocomial infection for 7 days was 578 cases per 10, 000 patients discharged. 2. Pneumonia was the most prevalent nosocomial infection ; the incidence rate 112.7 cases per 10,000 discharges. The incidence rate of urinary tract infection was 85. 7 cases and that of septicemia was 36. 7 cases per 10, 000 discharges. 3. The incidence rate of nosocomial infection among patients of neurosurgery department was the highest(2,742 cases per 10,000 discharges). And the incidence rate of nosocomial infection was 6 times higher among the patients of intensive care unit than that of general ward. The reasons of higher nosocomial infection rate of intensive care unit and neurosurgery appeared to be due to many invasive procedures. Thus the priority in nosocomial infection control program must be given to those groups.
Cross Infection* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea* ; Neurosurgery ; Patients' Rooms ; Pneumonia ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Volunteers

BACKGROUND: Statistical errors have been noted in a large percentage of articles appearing in medical journals. Their incidence in the Annals of Dermatology and the Korean Journal of Dermatology, however, has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of statistical methods in the Annals of Dermatology and the Korean Journal of Dermatology. METHOD: Original papers using the t test in the Annals of Dermatology(AD) and in the Korean Journal of Dermatology(KJD) from January 1990 to July 1994 were analyzed for correctness of statistical methods. RESULTS: Of the 376 original papers in the period considered, 78(20.7%) presented t tests and 43(55.1%) of these also contained some errors. Of the 9 papers from the Annals of Dermatology, 4(44.4%) included at least one error. Of the 69 papers from the Korean Journal of Dermatology, 39(56.5%) included at least one error. CONCLUSION: Misuse of statistical methodology may not be uncommon in the two Korean Dermatology journals, and it would be prudent to give more attention to statistical methodology.
Dermatology* ; Incidence ; Methods

No abstract available.
Congenital Hypothyroidism*

611 children (297 boys and 314 girls) of a primary school were determined under 2% cyclogyl. (1) Among 611 children, refractive error was 70.46 % and emmetropia. 29.54 %. (2) As to the distribution of refractive errors, 72.47 % were hyperopic and 27.53 % myopic Hyperopia was more common than myopia. (3) Hyperopic refractive error was increased until 7 years of age. Since then it has been decreased 8.74 % yearly. Myopic refractive error has been increased 8.14 % yearly since 8 years of age. (4) The refractive errors were more frequent in women (37.81) than men (32.65 %) (5) Refractive errors were numerous around the age of 11. (24.77 %). (6) The degree of refractive errors varied, but in the great majority was less than 3 diopters. (7) As to the type of astigmatism; 59.42 % were with the rule and 39.94 % were against the rule.
Astigmatism ; Child* ; Cyclopentolate ; Emmetropia ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Male ; Myopia ; Refractive Errors

Fungi have been recognized as a significant cause of external otitis and it may be the primary pathogen or be part of a mixed infection. In the immunocompromised host, fungus is capable of producing infection in inner ear or middle ear. Otomycoses are most frequently caused by Aspergillus spp. and Candida sap. There are few reports that Aspergillus species other than A. fumigatus, A. niger and f. flavus have caused chronic otitis media. We report two cases of chronic otitis media caused by Aspergillus ferrous in Korea. One case is a 7-year-old girl who had recurrent serous otorrhea and otalgia for 4 years, was reattended otolaryngology clinics with otorrhea of 3 days durations and another is a 6-year-old girl who had serous otorrhea for 2 months and 3 day fever, was attended otolaryngology clinics with them. Microscopic appearance and colony morphology from ear discharge cultures revealed A. ferrous. The infection responded well to topical ketoconazole therapy. This report should help to raise medical personnel's awareness of such human opportunistic fungal ear infections.
Aspergillus* ; Candida ; Child ; Coinfection ; Ear ; Ear, Inner ; Ear, Middle ; Earache ; Female ; Fever ; Fungi ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Ketoconazole ; Korea ; Niger ; Otitis Externa ; Otitis Media* ; Otitis* ; Otolaryngology ; Otomycosis

We studied the incidence and morphological variation of the metopic suture in Korean. Ninety-six adult Korean dried skulls and 141 cases of antero-posterior skull roentgenograms from age of 1 month to 80years old. We divided metopic suture into complete and incomplete type. Incidence of complete type was 8.3% in dried skulls. In roentgenograms the incidence was decreased according to aging, especially around 6-8 years old, and over 20 years old age group the incidence was 4.0%. The incidence of incomplete type was 32.3%.
Adult ; Aging ; Humans ; Incidence ; Skull ; Sutures*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the correlation between onset of brain infarction and Gd-DTPA enhancing patterns on MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed MRI of 58 lesions in 45 patients with clinically documented brain infarction retrospectively. Axial, coronal and sagittal T1WI (TR/TE 450-520/20), T2WI (TR/TE 2190/90) and Gd-DTPA enhanced T1WI were performed with a 0.5T superconductive MR system. We analyzed Gd-enhancing patterns lhat were divided into intravascular, meningeal, and parenchymal enhancement. Parenchymal pattern was subdivided into mottled, partial ring like and dense enhancement. RESULTS: lntravascular enhancement was seen at 1-10 days in 30(53%) of 58 infarctions. Meningeal enhancement (13%) was noted at 1--6 days. Parenchymal enhancement (50%) was seen at 2--28 days and subdividing patterns are as follows:The mottled enhancement pattern was seen earlier at 2-8 days and partial ring like or dense enhancement patterns at 5-28 days. CONCLUSION: After reviewing Gd-enhanced MRI of infarction, the intravascular and meningeal enhancement patterns were earlier than parenchymal enhancement. Among parenchymal patterns, the mottled pattern was seen earlier than partial ring like or dense patterns. In conclusion, Gd-enhancing patterns of brain infarction are useful in estimating the age of infarction including acute infarction.
Brain Infarction* ; Brain* ; Gadolinium DTPA* ; Humans ; Infarction* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Brain* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Brain* ; Humans