OBJECTIVE: This study is proposed to examine the relationship between bone loss after hormone replacement therapy for one year and initial bone markers. METHODS: One hundred postmenopausal women were studied for one year. At first visit, measurements were made of bone mineral density(BMD) at the lumbar spine and femoral neck, and of serum osteocalcin and urine deoxypyridinoline. After hormone replacement therapy was done for one year, BMD was rechecked. RESULTS: Serum osteocalcin was correlated with the rate of bone change(r=0.150, 0.262) and urine deoxypyridinoline was weakly correlated(r=-0.003, 0.038). The changes of femoral BMD in women with higher concentration of osteocalcin and deoxypyridinoline were significant different from those in women with normal concentration. At the lumbar spine, no significant differences were showed. In women with higher concentration of osteocalcin, the incidence of subjects with increased spine BMD was increased up to around 71.1%, which showed not significant increase compared with normal concentration of osteocalcin. And the incidence of increased spine BMD in women with higher concentration of osteocalcin was marked increased compared with the incidence of normal concentration. The level of the osteocalcin with increased spine BMD was 11.5+/-6.6 ng/ml, and the level with decreased spine BMD was 9.2+/-4.7 ng/ml, respectively. And the level of the deoxypyridinoline was 7.2+/-4.2 pmol/ mol cr in women with increased spine BMD and 7.2+/-2.7 pmol/ mol cr in women with decreased spine BMD, which was not statistically different. The concentration of deoxypyridinoline with increased and decreased in BMD in spine and femur was not statistically different. but the concentration of osteocalcin was 12.2 +/-5.5 ng/ml in significantly increased in BMD and 8.5 +/-4.5ng/ml in significantly decreased in BMD, which was showed significant different. CONCLUSION: Present study indicates that the serum osteocalcin more reflcets bone turnover changes at the menopause than deoxypyridinoline, however, the clinical utility of measurements of osteocalcin only to response to therapy is uncertain.
Bone Density* ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Hormone Replacement Therapy* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Menopause ; Osteocalcin ; Spine

The great chain of sympathetic ganglia which extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis, including the suprarenal medulla, accounts for the origin of the ganglioneuroma which compound with the matured ganglion cells and neural elements. The ganglioneuroma is non-functioning tumor, but occasionally this tumor accompanies with hypertension and diarrhea and increased excretion of vanilmandelic acid in urine. Recently we experienced a housewife with the bilateral ganglioma which developed at both suprarenal medulla and after successful removal of the tumors hypertension was controlled.
Diarrhea ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Ganglion Cysts ; Ganglioneuroma* ; Hypertension ; Pelvis ; Skull ; Vanilmandelic Acid

Norfloxacin is a new broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram. negative bacteria. After oral administration of Norfloxacin, it produces high concentrations in the urine, so it has the excellent effect for the treatment of urinary tract infection. Norfloxacin was studied with respect to clinical effect in 115 patients with the urinary tract infection and the following results were obtained. 1. Excellent efficacy was 53% and efficacy rate was 90% in upper urinary tract infection(UTI). Efficacy rate for 20 patients with upper UTI without the underlying disease was 100%, and in 29 patients with underlying disease efficacy rate was 83%. 2. In upper UTI resistant for other antibiotics, efficacy rate was 78%. 3. In lower UTI excellent efficacy rate was 36% and efficacy rate was 71%. In gonococcal urethritis excellent efficacy rate was 76% and efficacy rate was 88%. 4. Eliminated rate of bacteria on culture findings were E. coli 93%, pseudononas 89%, proteus 100%, klebsiella 80%, gonococcus 88% and staphylococcus 80%. 5. Mild side effects such as epigastric pain, nausea, dizziness and itching sensation were seen in 5 cases. We consider Neutam-400 is one of the most effective agents in urinary tract infection.
Administration, Oral ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; Dizziness ; Humans ; Klebsiella ; Nausea ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; Norfloxacin ; Proteus ; Pruritus ; Sensation ; Staphylococcus ; Urethritis ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

For the 6th nerve paralysis, we use the procedure described by Jensen combined with a 6-7mm recession of the madial rectus muscle. But, anterior segment ischemia(ASI) is an occasional complication of this surgery in which over three rectus muscles are partially or completely detached, ligated. The authors performed this modified Jensen procedure to the patient of 6th nerve paralysis, in which anterior ciliary arteries of vertical rectus muscles were separated from the muscles under the operating microscope and then ligated muscles only. So, this modified procedure preserve the integrity of the anterior ciliary arteries in those portions of the vertical muscles not involved in the muscle union to avoid the danger of anterior segment ischemia.
Ciliary Arteries* ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Muscles ; Paralysis

Inadvertent perforation of the globe, granuloma and hypersensitivity reaction were recognized complications of the strabismus surgery. We performed sutureless surgery with Beriplast in rabbit model to determine whether this technique can replace the classic suture technique and decrease it's complications. The authors measured maximum adhesion power and observed histopathologic findings at 1st, 2nd, 4th and 8th week following recession of the rectus muscle with Beriplast. Maximum adhesoin power were increased with time such as 210, 300, 480 and 650gm at each week. Pathologically inflammatory and foreign body reactions were decreased with time, and collagen fibers were proliferated at muscle scleral contact area.
Collagen ; Fibrin Tissue Adhesive ; Foreign Bodies ; Granuloma ; Hypersensitivity ; Strabismus* ; Suture Techniques ; Tissue Adhesives*

No abstract available.
Peristalsis*

No abstract available.
*Gastric Bypass ; Humans ; Hunger/*physiology ; Motilin/*blood ; Obesity/*blood/physiopathology/*surgery

No abstract available.
Alginates/*therapeutic use ; Aluminum Hydroxide/*therapeutic use ; Antacids/*therapeutic use ; Female ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Silicic Acid/*therapeutic use ; Sodium Bicarbonate/*therapeutic use

OBJECTIVE: To determine if birth weight greater than 4000gm can be predicted by ultrasound measurement of abdominal circumference(AC) and if shoulder dystocia in macrosomic infants can be predicted by ultrasound measurement of the difference between the abdominal diameter(AD) and biparietal diameter(BPD). METHODS: A Retrospective study was performed of births occuring from March, 1998 to August, 1999 at department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University. Among neonates of birth weight greater than 4000 gm, 50 cases in that ultrasound examination was done within 2 weeks before delivery were selected for macrosomic group and 50 cases were selected for control group during the same period, among neonate of birth weight from 3100gm to 3900gm. RESULTS: 1) Normal spontaneous vaginal delivery(NSVD) was 41 cases in control group and 30 cases in macrosomic group. Among NSVD, shoulder dystocia was 1 case in 41 cases of control group and was 7 cases in 30 cases of macrosomic group. 2) On ultrasound measurement, 6 cases had AC greater than 35 cm in control group and 45 cases in macrosomic group. Among 30 cases in NSVD was done in macrosomic group, difference between AD and BPD was 2.9 0.271 cm when shoulder dystocia was existed and was 2.1 0.409 cm when shoulder dystocia was not existed. Between the two groups, statistically significant difference was detected. 3) When AC(cutoff value of 35cm) was used for screening of macrosomia, sensitivity for macrosomia was 88.2% and specificity was 89.8% and when AD-BPD difference(cutoff value of 2.6cm) was used for prediction of shoulder dystocia, sensitivity for shoulder dystocia was 66.6% and specificity was 95.2%. CONCLUSIONS: In prenatal ultrasound measurement, AC measurement at third trimester of pregnancy will be a valuable indicator for macrosomia screening. The AD-BPD difference of shoulder dystocia group was greater than uncomplicated group in macrosomia and the AD-BPD difference cutoff value of 2.6cm was significant value statistically.
Birth Weight ; Dystocia* ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mass Screening ; Obstetrics ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Shoulder* ; Ultrasonography*

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of OSTA (Osteoporosis Self assessment Tool for Asian) in Korean peri- and postmenopausal women. DESIGN AND METHODS: Total 1488 peri- and postmenopausal women over 45 years were included from Menopause Clinic in Chung-Ang University Hospital. Femoral neck BMD was measured by using DEXA (Lunar DPXIQ #7055). Three categories of bone status were defined by BMD based on the WHO definition. OSTA index values were calculated by using only 2 components such as age and weight. Three risk categories (high, medium, low) were classified according to index values. RESULTS: Seven hundred thirty women tested comprising 49.1% of all subject had low BMD (10.6% osteoporosis, 38.5% osteopenia respectively). The combined medium and high risk groups had a high prevalence (447/557=80.3%) of low bone mass. The medium and high risk groups had 85.5% of a high specificity, and 61.2% of a good sensitivity for identifying low bone mass. The medium and high risk groups also had 87.9% of a high sensitivity, and 68.5% of a good specificity for identifying osteoporosis. CONCLUSION: OSTA is a simple tool and easy to use, because it requires only age and weight. The OSTA risk tool performed well for identifying low bone mass, especially osteoporosis in Korean peri- and postmenopausal women.
Bone Diseases, Metabolic ; Female ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Menopause ; Osteoporosis* ; Prevalence ; Self-Assessment* ; Sensitivity and Specificity