Kaolin was tested on 180 crude drugs for use as a coloring agent. Eight crude drugs—Atractylodis Rhizoma, Atractylodis Lanceae Rhizoma, Magnoliae Cortex, Asiasari Radix, Pogostemi Herba, Linderae Radix, Citri Leiocarpae Exocarpium and Caryophylli Flos-exhibited coloration. The present results indicate that kaolin can be added as a colorant to crude drugs as a simple method for the distinguishing and identifying the crude drugs in the Kampo pharmacy.

When the effusion and pain of the joint caused by rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and non-specific synovitis is persistent in spite of various conservative measures, the intra-articular injection of radioactive colloidal gold is recommended. Although the cause of rheumatoid arthritis and similiar types of inflammatory arthritis is not well known, the basic pathology appears to be in the synovium Colloidal particles of radioactive coiloidal gold injected into an inflamed joint are phagocytosed and dispersed uniformly on the superficial layers of the synovium Radioactive colloidal gold was first introduced in the malignant peritoneal effusions by Muller in 1950, and it was later used by Andrew and Mackay in malignant pleural effusion in 1953 and 1957. The malignant ascite, pleural effusion, and synovial effusion are collections of fluid in closed cavities lined by a thin sensitive endothelial layers; and apart from repeated aspirations, accepted forms of treatment frequently fail to cure or even control the effusions. Because of this resemblance it was decided in 1957 to attempt to treat persistent synovial effusions by intra-articular injection of radioactive colloidal gold. 198Au has a half-life of 2.7 days and emits both beta and gamma rays, Beta rays, which produce 90% of the therapeutic effect, penetrate tissue to an average depth of 1 to 2 mm. The particle of colloidal suspension of 198Au is 20 to 50 mu. The colloidal state of the preparation aids in limiting radiation to the synovial surface, and it has been shown that large colloidal particles are not absorbed into the blood or lymphatic systems after intra-articular injection and penetrate no deeper than the synovial tissues as a result of phagocytic activity. Good results have been reported since the radioactive colloidal gold was introduced in the treatment of persistent effusion of the human knee by Makin in 1963. The knee is chosen as the most suitable joint for this trial because of the ease of performing accurately intra-articular injections and the ease with which knee effusions can be recognized and measured. Furthermore, the knee joint is superficial and distant from vital structures which may be radio-sensitive. In this study, thirty-nine knee and three ankle effusions and pains unresponsive to the usual methods of therapy were treated by intra-articular injection of radioactive colloidal gold from November 1964 to January 1979 with follow up. Thirteen cases had classical rheumatoid arthritis; ten osteoarthritis; fifteen non-specific synovitis; two pigmented villonodular synovitis; one post-synovectomy, and one tuberculous arthritis. The results were as follows; 1. In eleven cases(84.6%) of rheumatoid arthritis, fourteen cases (93.3%) of nonspecific synovitis, and five cases(50.0%) of osteoarthritis, the effusion disappeared. 2. In twelve cases(92.3%) of rheumatoid arthritis thirteen cases(86.7%) of non-specific synovitis, and only two cases(20.0%) of osteoarthritis, the pain disappeared. 3. As a whole, in thirty-three cases(78.6%), the effusion disappeared and in twenty-eight cases (66.7%), the pain disappeared.
Ankle ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Ascitic Fluid ; Aspirations (Psychology) ; Beta Particles ; Colloids ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gamma Rays ; Gold Colloid ; Half-Life ; Humans ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Joints ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Lymphatic System ; Osteoarthritis ; Pathology ; Pleural Effusion ; Pleural Effusion, Malignant ; Synovial Membrane ; Synovitis ; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular

A clinical study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of Zomepirac in 27 patients who had undergone bone surgery, 13 patients who had soft tissue surgery and 7 non-surgical patients admitted to the department of orthopedic surgery of Hanyang University Hospital from Oct., 1981 to Nov., 1981. The conclusions were as follows: 1. To decrease pain by half, Zomepirac was determined to be much more effective in patients with severe pain than in patients with moderate pain. 2. The initial pain relief was also more marked in patients with severe pain than in patients with moderate pain. 3. The duration of analgesia with Zomepirac was longer in patients with severe pain than in patients with moderate pain. 4. The duration of pain relief after medication with Zomepirac was from 1 to 3 hours in 79.3% of patients. 5. The results of treatment were excellent in 5 patients (10.6%), very good in 5 patients (10.6%), good in 7 patients (14.9%), fair in 4 patients (8.5%), poor in 1 patient (2.2%), when the intensity of pain before treatment was severe; but fair in 13 patients (27.7%), poor in 11 patients (23.3%), when the pain was moderate. Thus the clinical results demonstrated that this medication was remarkably effective in patients with severe pain and much less so in patients with only inoderate pain. 6. Side effects were mild transient drowsiness in 3 patients (6.3%) and gastric colic in 2 patients (4.3%). In patients with drowsiness was continuously administered. The gastric colic subsided when the medication was combined with antacid.
Analgesia ; Clinical Study ; Colic ; Humans ; Orthopedics ; Sleep Stages

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a heterogenous group of inherited disorder, which has abnormalities in the synthesis of collagen. Among variable clinical manifestations, orthopaedic clinical features are laxity of ligament and deformities arising from frequent fractures or angulation due to skeletal fragility. We had managed 4 cases of osteogensis imperfecta, which were belonged to type IV-B in two cases, type I-A in one, and type I-B in remained one by Sillence classification and they had suffered from recent fractures or deformities due to previous fractures in the long bones of the lower extremities. These patients had been treated with various types of intramedullary nails, such as Bailey-Dubow extensile rod. Rush rod and Kuntcher nail, and the result of intramedullary nailing lead to improvement of walking ability.
Classification ; Collagen ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans ; Ligaments ; Lower Extremity ; Osteogenesis Imperfecta ; Osteogenesis ; Walking

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Humerus*

BACKGROUND: Though immunotherapy(IT) has become an effective rnethod in extrinsic allergic patients who didn't respond to pharmacologic therapy or couldn't avoid allergen, the mechanism, termination index and prognostic index of IT have not been clarified yet. METHOD: We selected 81 asthmatic children on immunotherapy with house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae). We measured the hematologic findings, the levels of serum IgG and IgE, allergen(house dust, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae)-specific IgE concentrations, lymphocyte subsets and methacholine challenge test yearly during IT, and checked the radiographs of chest and paranasal sinus. RESULTS: Peripheral white blood cell count, the percentage of eosinophil and total eosinophil count decreased significantly after 2 years of IT. Serum IgG level increased significantly after 3 years of IT. Serum total and specific IgE levels decreased significantly after 3 years of IT, but they were still higher than the normal values. CD4+, CD8+, and B lymphocytes did not change with the IT, but CD3+ lymphocytes increased significantly after 2 years of IT. PC20-methacholine increased significantly after 1 year of IT, but no correlation was found between the duration of IT and bronchial hyperreactivity. Twenty-eight patients(34.6%) had abnormal findings on chest radiographs: 15 patients(53.6%) as bronchitis, 10 patients(35.7%) as bronchopneumonia, 2 patients(7.1%) as hyperinflation and 1 patient(3.6%) as atelectasis. Sixty-three patients(77.8%) had abnormal findings on paranasal sinus radiographs. In the follow-up radiographs of 49 patients, 28 patients(57.1%) showed improvement of paranasal sinusitis after 1 year of IT. CONCLUSION: This study showed some changes of the immunologic findings such as eosinophil count, IgG, IgE, allergen-specific IgE and CD3+ lymphocytes, and improvement of bronchial hyperreactivity and paranasal sinusitis' in asthmatic children during IT. These findings were closely related to clinical improvement.
B-Lymphocytes ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity* ; Bronchitis ; Bronchopneumonia ; Child* ; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ; Dust ; Eosinophils ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E* ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunotherapy* ; Leukocyte Count ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; Lymphocytes ; Methacholine Chloride ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Pyroglyphidae ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Reference Values ; Sinusitis* ; Thorax

The eosinophil is the major cell responsible for the inflammatory reaction in bronchial asthma. Secretion of granular components is probably of considerable importance for the inflammatory effects of the eosinophils. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) is the one of the secretory components of the eosinophil granule and-is considered as an activation marker of eosinophil count, serum concentration of ECP and serum IgE were studied in normal, symptomatic and asymptomatic asthmatic children. In symptomatic asthma, peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was studied and methacholine challenge test was done in asymptomatic asthma in addition. Blood eosinophil count and serum ECP in asthma were significantly raised compared with those of the normal children. And the level of serum ECP in symptomatic asthma was higher than that in asymptomatic asthma. The mean % fall of PEFR was significantly correlated with serum ECP and blood eosinophil count in symptomatic asthma. In asymptomatic asthma, there was no correlations between methachloine PC20 and blood eosinophil count or methachloine PC20 and serum ECP level. Our findings show that blood eosinophil count and serum ECP levels differ not only between normal children and asthmatic children, but also between symptomatic asthma and asymptomatic asthma.
Asthma ; Child* ; Eosinophil Cationic Protein* ; Eosinophils* ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E ; Methacholine Chloride ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

Kampo medicines containing Bupleuri Radix (Sho-saiko-to and Sho-saiko-to plus Fossilia ossis mastodi and Ostreae testa) were decocted with four kinds of mineral waters and tap water, and the extracts were analyzed for saikosaponin contents by HPLC. The results indicated that the yield of the extracted materials was the largest when Kampo medicines were decocted with the hard water compared with other mineral water extracts. However, the same extract contained the smallest amount of saikosaponin b₂ of those tested. Extractions made with the mineral waters having a weakly acidic or weakly alkaline nature gave similar yields of the extracted materials and saikosaponin b₂ contents.
Present results suggest a possibility that decoction using a hard water significantly affects extraction of certain ingredients in Kampo medicine.

Recently, the incidence of pelvic bone fractures has been increased with increment of the volume of traffic. We reviewed 318 cases of pelvic bone fractures treated at the department of orthopaedic surgery of Hanyang University Hospital during the period from May, 1972 to December, 1980. The age and sex distribution, cause and classification of fractures, type of treatment, associated injuries and complications were recorded and investigated. The results obtained were as follows: 1. There were one hundred and ninety four (61%) male and one hundred and twenty four (39%) female, and one hundred and ninety seven patients (62%) in this entire series were aged from twenties to forties. The most common victims were in active persons. 2. The most common causative injury was traffic accident. 3. Two hundreds and thirteen (67%) cases were stable fracture and one hundred and five (33%) cases were unstable fracture, which were classified by Kanes classification. 4. The fracture of the femur was most commonly associated bone and joint injuries and the injury of the lower urinary tract was also most commonly associated soft tissue injuries. 5. All of the cases, except 3 cases of the avulsion fracture, were treated with conservative treatment. The remaining 3 cases were treated with surgical treatment, 6. The mortality rate was 5.3%, and the most common cause of death was hemorrhagic shock in 70.6% of the entire fatal cases in this series.
Accidents, Traffic ; Cause of Death ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Female ; Femur ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Male ; Mortality ; Pelvic Bones ; Sex Distribution ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Urinary Tract

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory infection in infants and young children, but the pathogenesis of RSV-induced inflammation is not well defined. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In order to examine the potential interactions between virus-infected airway epithelial cells and neutrophils, we studied the ability of neutrophils to adhere to yirus-infected airway epithelial cell monolayers by myeloperoxidase assay. Also we measured the ability of airway epithelial cells to secrete interleukin-8(IL-8) and inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in virus-infected airway epithelial cell cultures by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The degree of IL-8 and ICAM-1 gene expression in the RSV-infected BEAS-2B cell cultures were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). RESULTS: The RSV-infected BEAS-2B cell resulted in significantly enhanced level of neutrophil adherence compared to the uninfected control(p (0.001). IL-8 and ICAM-1 production significantly increased by RSV infection(p<0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between neutrophil adherence and IL-8 level(r=0.73, p=0.002), and ICAM-1 level (r=0.843, p=0.001) in RSV-infected cells. The degree of both IL-8 and ICAM-1 mRNA expression increased in the RSV-infected cells compared with the uninfected ones. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that RSV infection significantly enhances the production of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in airway epithelial cells which then results in increased neutrophil adherence.
Cell Culture Techniques ; Child ; Epithelial Cells* ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Infant ; Inflammation ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ; Interleukin-8 ; Neutrophils* ; Peroxidase ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses* ; RNA, Messenger