For the nonunion of humeral shaft, there have been many methods of treatment. We are aimed to analyse the causes of nonunion of humeral shaft fracture and present the direction of treatment. We reviewed total 21 cases which were diagnosed as delayed or nonunion of humeral shaft and analysed the causes. l. Initial method of treatment was surgical in 19 out of 21 cases. Among these 19 cases, 14 cases were operated with internal fixation with plate and screw. 2. The most common cause of nonunion was inadequate internal fixation in 26 cases(81%) in which were unstable fixation in 13 cases, choice of inadequate internal fixator in 11 cases, and failure of operative technique in 2 cases. Other causes were distraction between fracture fragments in 4 cases(13%) and open comminuted fracture in 2 cases. 3. Eighteen cases of established nonunion due to inadequate internal fixation were treated by rigid fixation with longer and broader plate and bone graft, and 1 case interlocking IM nailing, 1 case Ender nailing and 1 case bone graft only. 4. Union was obtained in all cases at least in 5 months. And there were no specific complications. In conclusion, surgeons should contemplate the operative indication and principles in primary treatment. In treatment of nonunion, surgeons should treat by more longer and broder internal fixator and additional bone graft.
Fractures, Comminuted ; Humerus ; Internal Fixators ; Methods ; Surgeons ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Tibia*

No abstract available.
Anemia, Hypoplastic, Congenital*

No abstract available.
Hydronephrosis* ; Teratoma*

No abstract available.
Appendicitis* ; Barium* ; Enema*

No abstract available.
Tuberous Sclerosis*

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

DiGeorge syndrome, a developmental defect of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches, is characterized by aplasia or hypoplasia of the thymus and parathyroid glands and by conotruncal cardiac malformation. This syndrome is usually associated with deletion of long arm in chromosome 22 (22q11-). We experienced a case of partial DiGeorge syndrome in a 2-month-old male who had hospitalized because of recurrent hypocalcemic tetany and tetralogy of Fallot. Immunologic studies revealed the decreased percentage of T lymphocyte and increased percentage of B lymphocyte. Chromosomal study with high resolution banding, showed 46, XY, 22q13 deletion. We report a case of partial Digeorge syndrome with a brief review of literatures.
Arm ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; DiGeorge Syndrome* ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphocytes ; Male ; Parathyroid Glands ; Tetany ; Tetralogy of Fallot ; Thymus Gland

No abstract available.
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia*

PURPOSE: Since ESWL had been developed, many experiences of the treatments to urinary stones with various type of lithotriptors were reported. We evaluated the efficacy of EDAP-LT01 piezoelectric lithotriptor according to the size, location of the stone, number of the treatment session, adjuvant therapy and cause of failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 660 cases who had been treated with ESWL. Among the patients, the renal stones were 122, the ureteral stones were 452, and combined with renal and ureteral stones were 43 cases. The mean size of stones was 13mm (range: 4-38mm). ESWL was performed to all the patients with urinary stones except complete staghorn calculi. No anesthesia was performed except in one child (5 years old). RESULTS: Overall success rate was 94.7%, and there were close correlations between the success rate and the size. The mean number of sessions was 2.4. There was no significant complication, but 35 cases were failed by ESWL monotherapy, and auxiliary procedures were done in 21 cases. Efficiency quotient was 0.59. CONCLUSIONS: The ESWL with EDAP-LT01 seems to be effective and safe to treat the urinary stones of various location and size, even compared to the lithotriptors of other type. We also propose that ESWL monotherapy with this machine is efficient for the treatment of the partial staghorn calculi and stones larger than 30mm.
Anesthesia ; Calculi ; Child ; Humans ; Lithotripsy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Shock* ; Ureter ; Urinary Calculi