One hundred seven consecutive patients aged 3 years to 34 years with simple ventricular septal defect were prospectively investigated with 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiography to assess the echocardiographic criteriae in defining the anatomic site of the VSD. The anatomy was confirmed in all patients at operation. Two-dimensional Doppler echocardiography correctly categorized the site and extension of VSDs in 104 of 107(97%). All doubly committed subarterial VSDs were correctly diagnosed as an area of discontinuity beneath the pulmonary valve in the parasternal short-axis plane taken at the aortic root level. Forty eight of 49 perimembranous VSDs with infundibular extension showed an area of discontinuity beneath the right aortic cusp in the parasternal long axis plane of the left ventricle. Of 17 perimembranous VSDs with trabecular extension, 16 had an area of discontinuity around the medial papillary muscle in the short axis plane taken at the level of high left ventricular outflow tract(LVOT). All 5 perimembranous VSDs with inlet extension showed an area of discontinuity adjacent to the septal leaflet attachment in the short axis plane taken at the level of high LVOT. One muscular trabecular VSD was categorized correctly by the short axis view and the apical 4-chamber view. Thus, these 2-dimensional Doppler echocardiographic criteriae are a simple and reliable in identifying the anatomic site of VSDs.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Bays ; Classification* ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler* ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular* ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Papillary Muscles ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary Valve

The purpose of this study was to investigate setting and thermal expansion of dental soldering investments. In order to compare expansion rates and to investigate the effect of water/powder ratio on expansion, setting and thermal expansion of four dental soldering investments were measured under three different water/powder ratio conditions: standard, 20% decreased and 20% increased. Setting expansion of investments was measured by use of dialgauge method. Each measurement was started two minutes later from the beginning of spatulation and recorded every one minute for one hour. Thermal expansion of cylindrical test specimens, 10mm diameter, 50mm length, was recorded in a Thermodilatometer at heating rate of 10degrees C per minute from 25degrees C to 700degrees C. The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. Setting expansion rates under the standard water/power ratio condition were 0.198% in Speed-E, 0.090% in Deguvest, 0.080% in CM and Hi-temp. Setting expansion of Speed-E was significantly different from those of CM, Deguvest and Hi-temp, and setting expansion of Deguvest was significantly different from those of CM and Hi-temp(p<.05). 2. Under the decreased water/powder ratio condition, there was significant increase in setting expansion of 4 dental soldering investments(p<.05). 3. There were no significant differences in setting expansions of investments except Hi-temp between standard and increased water/powder ratio condition(p<.05). 4. Thermal expansion rates under the standard water/powder ratio condition were 1.923% in Deguvest, 1.629% in Speed-E, 1.619% in Hi-temp and 1.580% in CM. No significant difference in thermal expansions under the standard water/powder ratio condition existed only between Speed-E and Hi-temp(p<.05). 5. Under the decreased water/powder ratio condition, there was significant increase in thermal expansion of CM and Deguvest but decrease in thermal expansion of Speed-E(p<.05). 6. Under the increased water/powder ratio condition, there was significant decrease in thermal expansion of CM, Deguvest and Speed-E but decrease in thermal expansion of Hi-temp(p<.05).
Dental Soldering* ; Heating ; Hot Temperature ; Investments*

No abstract available.
Acanthosis Nigricans* ; Growth Hormone*

No abstract available.
Aorta, Thoracic*

No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Hyperhidrosis*

No abstract available.
Neurofibroma* ; Pilomatrixoma*

No abstract available.
Hyperhidrosis

In this unprecedented era of the overwhelming volume of medical data, machine learning can be a promising tool that may shed light on an individualized approach and a better understanding of the disease in the field of osteoporosis research, similar to that in other research fields. This review aimed to provide an overview of the latest studies using machine learning to address issues, mainly focusing on osteoporosis and fractures. Machine learning models for diagnosing and classifying osteoporosis and detecting fractures from images have shown promising performance. Fracture risk prediction is another promising field of research, and studies are being conducted using various data sources. However, these approaches may be biased due to the nature of the techniques or the quality of the data. Therefore, more studies based on the proposed guidelines are needed to improve the technical feasibility and generalizability of artificial intelligence algorithms.

PURPOSE: Most patients diagnosed with a periampullary carcinoma are defined as having an unresectable tumor. Therefore, the appropriate relief of the main symptoms such as obstructive jaundice, duodenal obstruction, and pain is of utmost importance to these patients. In these patients, a biliary bypass can improve the quality of life. However, there is some controversy regarding the efficacy of gastrojejunostomy for preventing a duodenal obstruction. This study, evaluated the effect of a palliative gastrojejunostomy and the quality of life in patients with an unresectable periampullary carcinoma. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2003, among a total of 46 patients with an unresectable periampullary carcinoma, 24 patients underwent a palliative gastrojejunostomy (Group I) and 22 patients underwent non surgical management (Group II). In these two groups the frequency of nausea and vomiting, serum protein and albumin levels, oral intake, and other metrics were carefully monitored. RESULTS: Of the 46 patients, there were no significant differences in terms of age, gender, TNM stage, and preoperative symptoms. The incidence of nausea and vomiting preoperatively were similar in both groups (43.8% and 40.5%, respectively, P=0.126). However, there were statistically significant differences at the three months after surgery (36.6%, 54.5%, P=0.033). The preoperative protein and albumin were similar in both groups (6.6 g/dl, 6.4 g/dl). On the other hand, protein and albumin levels 3 months after surgery were significantly different (5.9 g/dl, 5.2 g/dl, P=0.010). CONCLUSION: These results suggest a palliative gastrojejunostomy in patients with an unresectable periampullary cancer can reduce the symptoms related to a duodenal obstruction and might contribute to maintaining the patients' quality of life secondary to possible oral intake for a longer period postoperatively.
Duodenal Obstruction ; Gastric Bypass* ; Hand ; Humans ; Incidence ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; Nausea ; Quality of Life ; Vomiting

BACKGROUND: In patients with severe chronic lung diseases even a small pneumothorax can result in life-threatening respiratory distress. It is important to treat the attack by chest tube drainage until the lung expands. Pneumothorax with a persistent air leak that does not resolve under prolonged tube thoracostomy suction is usually treated by open operation to excise or oversew a bulla or cluster of blebs to stop the air leak. Pleurodesis by the instillation of chemical agents is used for the patient who has persistent air leak and is not good candidate for surgical treatment. When the primary trial of pleurodesis with common agent fails, it is uncertain which agent should be used f or stopping the air leak by pleurodesis. It is well known tbat inappropriate drainage of hemothorax results in severe pleural adhesion and thickening. Based on this idea, some reports described a successful treatment with autologous blood instillation for pneumothorax patients with or without residual pleural space. We tried pleurodesis with autologous blood for pneumothorax with persistent air leak and then we evaluated the efficacy and safety. METHODS: Fifteen patients who had persistent air leak in the pneumothorax complicated from the severe chronic lung disease were enrolled. They were not good candidates for surgical treatment and doxycycline pleurodesis failed to stop up their air leaks. We used a mixture of autologous blood and 50% dextrose for pleurodesis. Effect and complications were assessed by clinical outcome, chest radiography and pulmonary function tests. RESULTS: The mean duration of air leak was 18.4 :1:6.16 days before ABP (autologous blood and dextrose pleurodesis) and 5.2 ± 1.68 days after ABP, The mean severity of pain was 2.3 ± 0.70 for DP(doxycycline pleurodesis) and 1.7 ± 0.59 for ABDP (p<0.05). There was no other complication except mild fever. Pleural adhesion grade was a mean of 0.6 ± 0.63. The mean dyspnea scale was 1.7 ± 0.46 before pneumothrax and 2.0 ± 0.59 after ABDP (p>0.05). The mean FEV1 was 1.47 ± 1.01 before pneumothorax and 1.44 ± 1.00 after ABDP (p>0.05). Exɡpt in 1 patient, 14 patients had no recurrent pneumothorax. CONCLUSION: Autologous blood pleurodesis (ABP) was successful for treatment of persistent air leak in the pneumothorax. It was easy and inexpensive and involved less pain than doxycycline pleurodesis. It did not cause complications and severe pleural adhesion. We report that ABP can be considered as a useful treatment for persistent air leak in the pneumothorax complicated from the severe chronic lung disease.
Blister ; Chest Tubes ; Doxycycline ; Drainage ; Dyspnea ; Fever ; Glucose ; Hemothorax ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Pleurodesis* ; Pneumothorax* ; Radiography ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Suction ; Thoracostomy ; Thorax