The surgical treatment of long duration lagaphthalmos was traditionally conducted using the Gillies (1934) method of temporal muscle transfer. This method has been effective in cases of simultaneous lagaphthalmos in the upper eyelid and ectropion in the lower eyelid. In the past, we treated 18 leprosy patients who suffered complications of ptosis in the upper eyelid and ectropion in the lower eyelid after the application of the Gillies method. To treat these complications, we removed the fascia strips emplaced during temporal muscle transfer from the upper and lower eyelid. Thereafter, we implanted a 1.0 gram gold plate in the upper eyelid and either a conchal cartilage graft. In the treatment of Lagaphthalmos over the past seven years, we have applied gold plate lid loading in 120 cases. However, in five of these cases, patients suffered from exposure of the gold plate due to paralytic orbicularis oculi muscle tearing. Recently, to correct this, we covered the gold plate with AlloDerm tissue to protect and support the muscle. In the treatment of ectropion over the last six years, we have had over 30 cases of cartilage grafts (over 35mm in length and 5mm in breadth) in the lower eyelid. However, the end of the cartilage graft would warp and create new partial ectropion several months later. Because of this, we shifted from cartilage to AlloDerm. We applied 40mm (length) and 7mm (breadth) to the lower border of the tarsus and fixed at each end with medial and canthal ligament. From 1997 to 2002, in the Institute of Leprosy Research, we operated on 25 patients suffering from Lagaphthalmos and Ectropion using a newer treatment to correct ectropion more effectively. The levator muscle of the upper eyelid loses the funtion of its antagonistic muscle, namely the orbicularis oculi due to facial nerve palsy, and results in retraction of the upper eyelid. To correct upper eyelid retraction, we severed the levator and muller muscle from the superior tarsal border and discontinued the use of gold lid loading which is visually evident. This method does not result in ptosis and the eye is more normal in appearance.
Ankle ; Cartilage ; Ectropion ; Eyelids* ; Facial Nerve ; Fascia ; Humans ; Leprosy ; Ligaments ; Paralysis ; Temporal Muscle ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: The reference list is an important part of a scientific article. To be useful it must be accurate. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of reference citations in the Korean Journal of Dermatology and the Annals of Dermatology. METHODS: We randomly selected 200 references (100 references from Korean language journals and 100 references from foreign language journals) from the Korean Journal of Dermatology and 100 references from the Annals of Dermatology and checked them against the .original articles. RESULTS: The overall rate of citation error was 32%, and errors in the title and author names of the citation were common, each occurring in about two fifths of the citation errors. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the rate of citation errors is unacceptably high in the Korean Journal of Dermatology and the Annals of Dermatology, which significantly diminishes the value of the reference list.
Dermatology*

BACKGROUND: Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) have recently attracted much attention because of claims that their frequency within nuclei is significantly higher in malignant cells than in normal, reactive, or benign neoplastic cells. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this paper is to analyze a method allowing selection of the best morphometric criterion for quantifying AgNOR proteins under conventional observation conditions by light microscopy. METHOD: We tried to investigate the various parameters including NORs counting in cutaneous tumors using image analysis system. RESULTS: There were significant differences in mean nucleus area per a AgNOR, nucleus area between the benign and potentially malignant group. But the conventional counting of AgNORs is not able to differentiate between the two groups. We could discriminate squamous cell carcinoma from Bowen's disease using parameters of mean ratio of AgNORs area per nucleus area, mean ratio of greatest AgNORs area per nucleus area, coefficient of variation (C V) of nucleus area, and mean area of largest AgNORs. In squamous cell carcinoma and keratoacanthoma, C V of nucleus area has shown a significant difference. CONCLUSION: Study of AgNORs using image analysis system is a useful tool for the diagnosis of cutaneous tumors.
Bowen's Disease ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Diagnosis ; Keratoacanthoma ; Methods ; Microscopy ; Nucleolus Organizer Region* ; Skin*

A statistical observations were made on total 79 In-Patients in the departments of dermatology, Dongsan Presbyterian Hospital, Kyungpook National University and Fatima Hospital, Taegu, Korea during the period from Sept. 1, 1975 to August 31, 1976.
Daegu* ; Dermatology* ; Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Korea* ; Protestantism*

No abstract available.
Lymphoma*

Dislocation involving tarsal navicular is a extremely rare injury compare to dislocation of other tarsal bone. One case of the tarsal navicular dislocation associated with subluxation of the midtarsal joint treated by open reduction and arthrodesis was reported.
Arthrodesis ; Dislocations ; Joints ; Tarsal Bones

BACKGROUND: To report the radiological and clinical outcomes of internal fixation using distal clavicle hook plates for distal clavicle fractures. METHODS: From April 2008 to December 2012, 32 patients with distal clavicle fractures underwent surgery using an AO hook plate. The reduction was qualified and evaluated according to the radiological findings. The evaluation of the clinical outcomes was performed with the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score, the Korean Shoulder score, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score. RESULTS: By radiological evaluation, we found that 31 of 32 patients showed anatomical reduction and solid bone union. Although we obtained satisfactory UCLA scores, Korean Shoulder Scale scores, and VAS pain scores, 12 cases of complications were present. We found 4 cases of osteolysis of the acromion, 1 case of nonunion, 3 cases of periprosthetic fractures, 3 cases of subacromial pain, and 1 case of skin irritation. We performed re-operations in 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS: To avoid complications associated with clavicle hook plates, choosing the appropriate hook size and bending of the hook according to the slope of the acromion undersurface is critical. Also, we believe that early removal of clavicle plates may help reduce complications.
Acromion ; California ; Clavicle* ; Humans ; Osteolysis ; Periprosthetic Fractures ; Shoulder ; Skin

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is a clinical syndrome of unknown causes characterized by inflammat.ion and multisystem involvement. Since Hargravas describe the LE cell in 1948, a profound change has occured in the concept of SLE. Many studies of the large series have been reported in the West, but few collective studies have been reported in Korea. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to elucidate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of SLE in Korean people. METHODS: We carried out retrospective study of 64 patients, who were diagnosed as SLE on the base of the 1982 revised bacteria for the SLE by American Collepe of Rheumatology(formerly, American Rheumatism Association), at Korea University Hospital from 1982 to 1991. The results were compared with those of previous studies in Korea and western countries. RESULTS: 1. In 64 patients with SLE, female patients outnumbered male by 6.1 to 1 and the mean age of onset was 28.6 years. 2. The initial manifestations were arthritis or arthralgia, 25%; fatigue, malaise, weight, loss, 21.8%; facial rash or blush, 12.5%, fever, 12.5%. 3. The major clinical manifastations were hematologic(90.6 %), muccutaneous(89%), musculoskeleta (79.7%), and renal(73.4%) involvemant. 4. The ANA test were positive in 83.9% of the patients, and homoenous pattern was most common. There was no significant difference of organ involvement according to the nuclear patterns of ANA, but cardiopulmonary, renal involvement, hypocomplement,emia and positive anti-ds DNA were less frequent in ANA neghative group. 5. In 73.7% of the patients, the titers of anti-ds DNA antibody was elevated. The amount of anti-ds DNA Ab in serum did not always correlate with disease activity. 6. Photosensitivity, arthritis or arthralgia and CNS manifestatioris were less common, but hematologic findings, including anenia and leukopenia were more common in Korean than western reports. CONCLUSION: Patients with SLE are heterogenous in the natural h story of their disease, which is not an uncommon disease in Korea. Continued efforts to clarify the immunopathologic basis for SLE should eventually lead to more effective treatment.
Age of Onset ; Arthralgia ; Arthritis ; Bacteria ; DNA ; Exanthema ; Fatigue ; Female ; Fever ; Humans ; Korea ; Leukopenia ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Male ; Neutrophils ; Retrospective Studies ; Rheumatic Diseases

No abstract available.

Many factors including social rejection, family problems, loss of educational opportunity, fear, prejudice and ignorance, compound the inherent paychologicaI stress of leprosy. In ligh.t of these problems this present study was undertaken to evaluate the psychologica.l status of 1cprosy patients. The subjects of the present study were 220 patients staying at home and 304 control people living in similar isolated areas to resettlemert villages. A self reprort symptom inventory,, SCL--90 symptom check list 90) was used and the group", were analysed and compand by many factors. The results of this study are follows. -countinue-
Humans ; Leprosy* ; Prejudice ; Social Distance