It is still not well documented what the basic roles for the regulation of renin secretion from the kidney take place. Since the early study on the renal ischemia for the production of hypertension was introduced, the renin-angiotensin system has been regarded as the possible pathogenetic mechanism for the renovascular hypertension. The renin-angiotensin system, however, could be activated by various stimuli, such as, the changes of intrarenal perfusion pressure, the load or concentriation of sodium at the sites of macular densa, the changes of the sympathetic nervous activity and the changes of potassium balance. To investigate the renin-angiotensin system and the influence of sympathetic nervous system on the regulation of renin secretion, the renovascular hypertension was induced in the dogs by constriction of unilateral renal artery, and the plasma renin activity was measured. The sodium load at the sites of macula densa was attained by furosemide, and then the activity of sympathetic nervous system was depressed by reserpine. The plasma renin activity was assayed by the method of Helmer and Cohn. By this bio-assay method, the plasma renin activity equivalent to 1 nanogram angiotensin-II can be measurable and the prepared plasma was found to have still vasopressor activity. The results observed in this experimental work are summarized as follows. 1. The blood pressure reached maximum on the 3rd postoperative day, and declined gradually to the level of preoperative day on the day of from the 6th to 12th day following constriction of renal artery. 3. The plasma renin activity was found to be well correlated with the increase of blood pressure, and then declined to its preoperative level with the reduction of blood pressure. It appears, therefore, that the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension. 4. The urine flow rate in normal and reserpinized dogs was the same before administration of furosemide, but its rate was significantly increased in both groups after furosemide. The urine flow rate of reserpinized dogs, however, was significantly lower than that of the normal dogs during the first 5 minutes. 5. The urinary sodium excretion in normal and reserpinized dogs was significantly increased in both groups after administration of furosemide and there were no difference between the two groups. 6. The plasma renin activity of renal venous blood was significantly higher than that of femoral arterial blood in both groups before and after administration of furosemide. 7. The plasma renin activity of reserpinized dogs was significantly lower than that of normal dogs before administration of furosemide. After furosemide, however, the plasma renin activity was significantly increased in 30 minutes in both groups. This increase of plasma renin activity was less prominent in resepinized dogs than in normal. This results would suggest that the intrarenal mechanism regulating renin secretion also requires an intact sympathetic nervous system.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Constriction ; Dogs ; Furosemide ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; Ischemia ; Kidney ; Perfusion ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Renal Artery ; Renin* ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Reserpine ; Sodium ; Sympathetic Nervous System

No abstract available.

Serum levels of HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and total cholesterol were measured in 107 normal Koreans and in 327 patients; 66 patients with hypertension, 34 patients with coronary heart disease, 45 patients with cerebral thrombosis, 18 patients with nephrotic syndrome, and 164 patients with diabetes mellitus. Patterns of serum lipoprotein fractions were also investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis in 41 normal Koreans and in 72 patients; 14 patients with hypertension, 10 patients with coronary heart disease, 19 patients with cerebral thrombosis, 7 patients with nephrotic syndrome, and 22 patients with diaebetes mellitus. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Mean values of serum HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride and cholesterol in normal Koreans were 52.2+/-12.4mg/100ml, 110.6+/-31.6mg/100ml and 175.3+/-21.4mg/100ml respectively. No significant difference in mean value of serum HDL-cholesterol was observed between Korean males and females. 2. In Korean females serum, HDL-cholesterol level showed peak values in the fifth decade, but no significant difference with aging was observed in Korean males. 3. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease, cerebral thrombosis, and in male diabetic patients with complication. 4. Serum triglyceride levels were significantly increased in all the disease groups, and serum cholesterol levels were significantly increased in all the disease groups except cerebral thrombosis. 5. Mean values of alpha-lipoprotein, pre-beta-lipoprotein and beta-lipoprotein fraction ratios in normal Koreans were 28.9+/-7.5%, 14.9+/-4.9% and 56.2+/-8.1% respectively. 6. Seum alpha-lipoprotein fraction ratio was significantly decreased in relatively advanced hypertensive patients. Pre-beta-lipoprotein fraction ratio tends to be increased in patients with hypertension, cerebral thrombosis, nephrotic syndrome and in diabetic patients with complications, and beta-lipoprotein fraction ratio tends to be increased in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease and nephrotic syndrome, but those were not statistically significant.
Aging ; Cardiovascular Diseases* ; Cholesterol ; Coronary Disease ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Electrophoresis, Agar Gel ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intracranial Thrombosis ; Lipoproteins ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Triglycerides

Endobronchial tuberculosis is frequently associated with lymphadenopathy, bronchial stenosis, atelectasis which needs to be differentiated with other pulmonary disease. Authors are presenting 25 cases of endobronchial tuberculosis which were confirmed boy bronchoscopic biopsy and AFB smear and/or culture. The study was done on patients who visited Yeungnam University Hospital from May 1983 to July 1985. The following results were obtained: 1. Of the 25 cases, 8 cases were male and 17 cased were female (male:female=1:2). 32 percent of the cases was older than 60 years of age. 2. Abnormal findings on chest x-ray were seen on 22 cases of 25 cases (88%) and its most predilective site was right upper lobe (24%). 3. Symptoms were coughing (56%), hemoptysis, hoarseness, chest pain, dyspnea and fever in orders. 4. The positive results were obtained in 73 percent of sputum AFB smear (11 cases of 15 cases). 60 percent of AFB culture (3 cases of 5 cases) and 58 percent of bronchoscopic biopsy (14 cases of 24 cases). 5. Complete pulmonary function test was done on 19 cases and showed normal result in 6 cases, restrictive pattern in 8 cases and small airway dysfunction in 5 cases. No case of obstructive airway disease was detected. 6. Associated disease were hypertension (2 cases), tuberculous meningitis (1 case), diabetes mellitus (1 case), and cataract (1 case). 7. The site of bronchoscopic lesion on bronchoscopic examination were as follow; 8. All 25 patients were treated with anti-tuberculosis therapy and 6 patients were treated with additional steroid therapy because of severe respiratory symptom and showed dramatic improvement of symptom as well as lung function.
Biopsy ; Cataract ; Chest Pain ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cough ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Fever ; Hemoptysis ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lung ; Lung Diseases ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Sputum ; Thorax ; Tuberculosis* ; Tuberculosis, Meningeal

The Fig. 5A was given incorrectly.

Death is the critical moment of life. All elderly are faced with death. Therefore, the elderly's notion of death must be include in holistic care for the elderly. The purpose of this study was to understand the elderly's notion of death. The research questions were "What is the elderly's notion of death?", and "What is the embedded meaning of the elderly's notion of death?". This study was conducted using an ethnographic approch. The fieldwork for this study was done from July 1996 to July 1998 on an island in Chonbuk province. Data were collected by indepth interviews and participant observation. The result of this study is as follows The elderly's notion of death was founded on 'Being a ancestor god', 'Evaluation of one's own life', 'Be sujected to the evil(BuJung : the taboo of uncleanness)' 'Being a ancestor god' means the notion of death leading to eternal life. It means a relationship to this world, So, it is required for all descendants, especialy the son. Also, they thought that the Spirit is greater importance mote thait the body, and that the spirit is embedded in bone. And so, the spirit is delivered to descendants through a propitious site for grave(MoungDang). It is thought toa change in the fortune of the descendants(Balbok). 'Evaluation of ons's own life' means that life was evaluated personally and socially throughout the dy ing process. This means reflection on an individual's life and interpersonal relationship's, and appearance social aspects of the individual death. 'BuJung(be subjected to the evil)' emerged as fear about death, and pursuit of the cause of death, Most of the causes were attributed to supernatural entities. It contributed to the inspiration of a cornmunity identity. The elderly's notion of death was the present world oriented and actualized. This study contributed to the nurse's understanding of the Korean elderly's notion of death. Implications for nursing practice, education, and research were discussed. Further research at other settings and using other research methods were recommended.
Aged ; Cause of Death ; Education ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do* ; Nursing ; Taboo

Two cases of pseudoxanthoma elasticum associated with angioid streaks in both eyes were presented and the literatures were reviewed. The affected sisters were 15 and 18 years female among the five siblings. They had pin head sized yellowish maculopapular eruptions on the sides of the neck and axillae, and also visual distubance of the both eyes. They seemed to be autosomal recessive inberitance in their family background. There were no other complications.
Angioid Streaks ; Axilla ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Neck ; Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum* ; Siblings

Evidence in human studies of the association of long term habitual exercise with bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) mostly come from studies done on athletes. The highest BMC and BMD values in young adults have been found in strength and power-training athletes, while endurance activities such as long distance running and swimming seem to be less effective in obtaining peak bone mineral density. To compare the differences in BMD among ballet, Korean traditional dancing and athletics, we examined the BMD of 10 ballerinas, 10 Korean traditional dancers, 12 athletes and 12 volunteers as the control group. All participants were female. The average age were 20.6 years for the ballerinas, 21.2 for the Korean traditional dancers, 20.4 for the athletes and 21.3 for the control group. Average weights were 50.6 kg for the ballerina, 53.7 kg for the Korean traditional dancer, 59.2 kg for the athletes and 53.8 kg for the control group. Average heights were 162.0 cm for the ballerinas, 160.4 cm for the Korean traditional dancers, 162.3 cm for the athletes and 160.5 cm for the control group. There were no significant differences in the BMD values of the proximal femur and the lumbar spine between ballerinas and control group and between Korean traditional dancers and control group (p>0.05). There was, however, a significant increase of BMD in the proximal femur and lumbar spine of the athletes when compared with the control group (p<0.05) After adjusting for difference in body mass index (BMI) we recompared the BMD of ballerinas, Korean traditional dancer and athletes with BMD of control group and found significant higher lumbar spine BMD values in ballerinas, Korean traditional dancers and athletes. In athletes higher BMD levels were also obtained in the proximal femur including the neck, greater trochanter and Wards triangle regions (p<0.05). There was no significant increase of proximal femur BMD levels for Korean traditional dancers (p>0.05). Differences of BMD values between the ballerinas and control group was statistically significant only in femoral neck (p<0.05).
Athletes* ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density* ; Dancing ; Female ; Femur ; Femur Neck ; Humans ; Neck ; Running ; Spine ; Sports ; Swimming ; Volunteers ; Weights and Measures ; Young Adult

A Malignant Schwannoma is a relatively rare primary nerve sheath tumor arises from Sehwann cells of the peripheral nerves. This tumor is frequently associated with von Recklinghausens disease. A high percentage of patients experience local recurrence even after radical surgical excision, and eventual pulmonary metastases via the intraneural and hematogenous routes. The treatment of choice is radical excision or amputation. Results of treatment with radiation and chemotherapy have been disappointing. The authors have experienced two cases of Malignant Schwannoma, one of which was located in the median nerve of the palm, the other in the ulnar nerve of the arm, but neither were associated with von Recklinghausens disease.
Amputation ; Arm ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Median Nerve ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neurilemmoma ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Peripheral Nerves ; Recurrence ; Ulnar Nerve