No abstract available.
Colon* ; Rectum*

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to present the basic reference data of age and sex specific gait parameters for Korean adults. METHOD: The basic gait parameters were extracted from 70 healthy adults, 38 men and 32women, 21 to 69 years of age using VICON 340 Motion Analyzer. RESULTS: The temporal gait parameters and kinematic parameters of Korean adults were similar to other western reference data. CONCLUSION: Significant sex differences exist in the maximal pelvic tilting, pelvic internal rotation and foot internal rotation and plantar flexion. There is a statistically significant age variability for the hip and knee flexion at stance phase.
Adult* ; Foot ; Gait* ; Hip ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Sex Characteristics

The purpose of this epidemiological study is data for incidence of external genitalia anomaly in Korean male infants. 148 cases with external genitalia anomaly were found of total 1920 live male infants (including 132 low birth weights), except 48 still births, born in the hospital of Ewha Woman's University. The following results were obtained. 1. Total incidence of congenital anomaly was 7.5%. Undescended testes (4.5%), hydrocele (2.8%), hypospadia (0.2%) and bifid scrotum (0.1%) were found in order in frequency. 2. Imperfect descent of the testis was found in 88 infants. There were about 32.5% in infant under 2,500gm and about 2.5% in infant over 2,500gm. In 47 boys (30 low birth weights or 64% of the total) the imperfect descent was bilateral, and in 41 (29 low birth weights or 29% of the total) it was unilateral. Of the 41 unilateral cases, 22 were right sided. 54% of the total had been palpable at the external inguinal ring, 37% at the top of the scrotum and 10% had been not palpable. There were no significant differences either between distribution of birth order and incidence of undescended testes. But, their incidence was higher below 19 year-old group and above 35 year-old group in maternal age. Between March and May more boys were born with undescended testis, while their occurrence was considerably lower in November. 3. 90% of hydrocele was found in full term and right side had six times greater than left side. 4. Hypospadia was found in 4 cases of 1920 live male births. The associated anomalies were undescended testes in two cases and imperforate anus in one case. In the 2 cases, it was found at penoscrotal junction and 2 cases were glandular and penile type.
Adult ; Anus, Imperforate ; Birth Order ; Cryptorchidism ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Female ; Genitalia* ; Humans ; Hypospadias ; Incidence ; Infant* ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Inguinal Canal ; Male* ; Maternal Age ; Parturition ; Scrotum ; Testis ; Young Adult

Renal angiography has applications in the diagnosis of renal tumor and renovascular hypertension, and provides important anatomical information that can influence the surgical management. Recently the approach to the vascular system for diagnosis by means of Seldinger technique hag been expended to include a variety of therapeutic manner. So, embolization of renal carcinoma is being used with increasing frequency. Radiologic findings associated with presenting symptoms and signs were analysed in 51 cases of renal angiography, during the period of October 1978 to October 1982. The following results were obtained. 1. Male to female ratio was approximately 1:1 and peak incidence was in the sixth decade. 2. The main symptoms and signs of patients were hematuria, flank pain, hypertension and palpable mass, in order of frequency. 3. In 7 hypertensive patients with delayed visualization on the excretory urogram. angiography shows 2 cases of renal artery stenosis, one case of Takayasu's disease and absence of abnormal vasculature in 4 cases. 4. It is suggested most valuable technique for correct diagnosis of renal vascular disease. some of other congenital anomalies, and renal vascular mapping for renal surgery.
Angiography* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; Incidence ; Male ; Renal Artery Obstruction ; Vascular Diseases

Urethral stricture is a disorder with multiple etiologies and many recognized forms of treatment. It is often accompanied by dysuria, urinary retention, hemorrhage and sepsis. The treatment for urethral stricture most commonly has been urethral dilation. Herein we present a case of patch graft urethroplasty in a 24-year-old male patient with anterior urethral stricture.
Dysuria ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Sepsis ; Transplants* ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Retention ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Tendons*

BACKGROUND: The toxicity of paraquat has been known to be caused by oxygen free radicals which leads to the lipid peroxidation and multiple organ failure. Although vitamin C has been known to be a potent antioxidant, recently there are numerous data which have shown that a low dose of vitamin C may act as a prooxidant due to the stimulation of the Fenton reaction with metal ions, which produces hydroxyl radicals. It has been reported that a deferoxamine in paraquat intoxication could reduce the production of the hydroxyl radicals by the inhibition of the Fenton reaction through the reduction of iron ion in tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the high and low dose of vitamin C and deferoxamine on lipid peroxidation and plasma TNF-alpha in paraquat intoxication. METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: control group which was not given paraquat(20mg/kg), P group which was given paraquat only, PVH group given paraquat and high dose of vitamin C(100mg/kg), PVL group given paraquat and low dose of vitamin C(10mg/kg), PVHD given paraquat, high dose of vitamine C and deferoxamine(100mg/kg), PVLD given paraquat, low dose of vitamin C and deferoxamine, and PD given paraquat and deferoxamine. Animals were killed at 6 and 24 hours after treatment. Malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione(GSH) contents, catalase activity, plasma TNF-alpha, and histologic changes in the lung and liver tissue were measured. RESULTS: The lung histology in the PVH and PD or PVHD groups showed the significant decreases in the alveolar edema and interstitial thickness compared to the P group. The liver histology in the PVH and PVHD groups demonstrated marked differences in the central venous and sinusoidal dilatation compared to that of the P group. While the MDA levels of the lung and liver in the PVH and PD groups showed the significant reduction compared to that of the P group at 6 hours after treatment, all groups showed the significant changes compared to the P group at 24 hours. There was no significant change of the SOD levels of the lung and liver at 6 hours among all groups. At 24 hours, the SOD levels of the lung in PVH, PVL, and PVHD groups showed the significant increases compared to the P group. The increase of the SOD level in groups combined with deforoxamine, however, revealed a little reduction. The SOD level of the liver in PVH group only significantly increased compared to the P group at 24 hours. There was no significant change of the GSH level of the lung and liver among all groups at 6 hours. At 24 hours, the GSH level of the lung and liver were significantly increased in both PVH and PD group and PVH group, respectively, compared to the P group. Although the catalase activity of the lung was not significantly increased, that of liver was significantly increased in both PVHD and PD groups compared to the P group at 6 hours. The catalase activities of the lung and liver were significantly increased in PVH, PD, and PVHD at 24 hours. The concentrations of the Plasma TNF-alpha were slightly decreased at 6 hours and slightly increased at 24 hours compared to that of the P group, but they were not significant. CONCLUSION: This study showed that although the low dose of vitamin C had no effect, the high dose of vitamin C revealed a decrease of the MDA level and an increase of SOD, GSH, and catalase activity in the lung and lung and liver tissues, and the effect of the high dose of vitamin C increased with time. The administration of the deferoxamine with or without high dose of vitamin C, however, significantly showed the inhibition of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant effect and low dose vitamin C decreased the effect of deferoxamine. The effects of the vitamin C and deferoxamine on plasma TNF-alpha were not clearly shown.
Animals ; Antioxidants* ; Ascorbic Acid* ; Catalase ; Deferoxamine* ; Dilatation ; Edema ; Female ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Ions ; Iron ; Lipid Peroxidation* ; Liver ; Lung ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Oxygen ; Paraquat* ; Plasma ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxides ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Vitamins*

PURPOSE: This aim of this study is to analyze the dosimetric difference between intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using 3 or 5 beams and MSF in the radiotherapy of the left breast. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a comparative analysis of two radiotherapy modalities that can achieve improved dose homogeneity. First is the multistatic fields technique that simultaneously uses both major and minor irradiation fields. The other is IMRT, which employs 3 or 5 beams using a fixed multileaf collimator. We designed treatment plans for 16 early left breast cancer patients who had taken breast conservation surgery and radiotherapy, and analyzed them from a dosimetric standpoint. RESULTS: For the mean values of V95 and dose homogeneity index, no statistically significant difference was observed among the three therapies. Extreme hot spots receiving over 110% of the prescribed dose were not found in any of the three methods. A Tukey test performed on IMRT showed a significantly larger increase in exposure dose to the ipsilateral lung and heart than multistatic fields technique (MSF) in the low-dose area, but in the high-dose area, MSF showed a slight increase. CONCLUSION: In order to improve dose homogeneity, the application of MSF, which can be easily planned and applied more widely, is considered an optimal alternative to IMRT for radiotherapy of early left breast cancer.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Heart ; Humans ; Lung

This preliminary study was intended to clarify the effect of intraoperative fluid therapy on Acid-Base balance of the use of Hartmann's solution and 5% Dextrose solution. The arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure and oxygen partial pressure and pH are basic indices of the adequacy of ventilation in anesthetized patients, respiratory care and intensive care. In order to achieve this goal, the data collections were done at the Department of Anesthesia in Hanil Hospital from Mar., 1980 to Aug., 1980. The samplings, 20 cases, were included A.S.A. class I and II. We used 1,500 to 1,800cc/2hrs. of Hartmann's solution and 1,000cc/2hrs, of 5% Dextrose solution each 10 patients through the operative period. Observations were made for the followings; pH, PaCO2HCO-3. From the results of this study, there were no significant relationship between the use of 5% Dextrose solution and Hartmann's solution on Acid-Base balance during the intraoperative period.
Acid-Base Equilibrium* ; Anesthesia ; Carbon Dioxide ; Critical Care ; Fluid Therapy* ; Glucose* ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Intraoperative Period ; Oxygen ; Partial Pressure ; Ventilation

BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter spp. acquire antimicrobial agent-resistance genes via class 1 integrons. In this study, integrons were characterized to investigate the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of MDR Acinetobacter isolates. In addition, the relationship between the integron type and integron-harboring bacterial species was analyzed by using epidemiological typing methods. METHODS: Fifty-six MDR Acinetobacter spp.-A. baumannii (N=30), A. bereziniae (N=4), A. nosocomialis (N=5), and A. pittii (N=17)-were isolated. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined on the basis of the results of the Epsilometer test (Etest). PCR and DNA sequencing was performed to characterize the gene cassette arrays of class 1 integrons. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence (REP)-PCR were performed for epidemiological typing. RESULTS: Class 1 integrons were detected in 50 (89.3%) of the 56 isolates, but no class 2 or 3 integron was found within the cohorts. The class 1 integrons were classified into 4 types: 2.3-kb type A (aacA4-catB8-aadA1), 3.0-kb type B (aacA4-blaI(MP-1)-bla(OXA-2)), 3.0-kb type C (bla(VIM-2)-aacA7-aadA1), and 1.8-kb type D (aac3-1-bla(OXA-2)-orfD). Type A was most prevalent and was detected only in A. baumannii isolates, except for one A. bereziniae isolate; however, type B was amplified in all Acinetobacter isolates except for A. baumannii isolates, regardless of clone and separation time of the bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: Although class 1 integron can be transferred horizontally between unrelated isolates belonging to different species, certain types of class 1 integrons tend to transfer horizontally and vertically among A. baumannii or non-baumannii Acinetobacter isolates.
Acinetobacter/drug effects/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Acinetobacter Infections/epidemiology/microbiology ; Acinetobacter baumannii/drug effects/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry/metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Humans ; Integrons/*genetics ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Republic of Korea