This study was carried out to figure out the dietary intake of pregnant women in Daegu area. A total of 467 pregnant women was recruited at two hospitals in this area to collect the information on dietary intakes, general characteristics, and anthropometric measurements using an interview. Forty-seven women (10.1%) were in the first trimester, 101 women (21.6%) in the second trimester, and 319 women (68.3%) in the third trimester. The mean age, prepregnant weight and height of subjects were not significantly different among the trimester groups. The mean daily nutrient intakes of energy, fat, protein, carbohydrates, phosphate, sodium, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and vitamin C were significantly different among the trimester groups, but the other nutrients were not different. For the calcium and iron, the percentage of subjects consumed less than 75% of the Korean RDA was over 80%, and for other nutrients such as energy, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2 over 50% of subjects consumed less than 75% of the Korean RDA in the first trimester. The correlations between nutrient intakes and weight gain during pregnancy showed different patterns among the trimester groups. The mean adequacy ratio and dietary variety scores were not significantly different among the trimester groups. The amount of food intake from cereals and cereal products were higher during the second and the third trimester compared to the first trimester, but those of the other food groups were not significantly different. In conclusion, nutrient intakes of the pregnant women for iron, calcium and some vitamins were inadequate and nutritional management programs for these nutrients are necessary.
Ascorbic Acid ; Calcium ; Carbohydrates ; Edible Grain ; Daegu* ; Eating ; Female ; Humans ; Iron ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, First ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Pregnancy Trimester, Third ; Pregnant Women* ; Riboflavin ; Sodium ; Thiamine ; Vitamins ; Weight Gain

PURPOSE: We present a case with conjunctival inclusion cyst at inferior fornix treated by marsupialization. CASE SUMMARY: A 23-year-old woman visited our clinic complaining of left lower eyelid swelling. Ophthalmologic examination and CT scan showed a cystic mass from inferior conjunctival fornix to anterior orbit with shallow fornix and focal symblepharon. The cyst was effectively removed with marsupializaion. Postoperatively, there was no recurrence of cyst and the fornix was deepened. CONCLUSIONS: Marsupialization can be a considerable treatment option in conjunctival inclusion cyst, especially when accompanied by shallow fornix and symblepharon.
Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Orbit ; Recurrence ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

To understand the expression of hoth TGF-beta l and II ligands and the receptors, artificial fracture was made on rat femur. Fracture callus and epiphyseul plate were stained immunohistochemically on 3rd. 7th, 14th, 21st, 42nd and 56th day after trauma. Polyclonal antibody was used to stain TGF-beta I and II ligands and receptors. At epiphyseal plate, both ligand and receptor were expressed from each cell in proliferating and maturing zone. But there was no difference between type I and II except expression time. TGF-beta II ligand and receptor were expressed earlier: they were expressed mostly by the cells at the zone of proliferating cartilage but TGF-beta1 ligand and receptor were expressed mostly hy the cells at zone of maturing cartilage. At fracture site, TGF-beta expression was observed from 3rd day after trauma and it reached its maximum intensity at 2 weeks. It decreased thereafter and disappeared at 6 weeks after trauma. In enchondral ossification area, TGF-beta expressing cells were scattered throughout the enchondral mass. In intramembranous ossification area, the ligands and receptors were expressed from the osteohlasts just heneath the periosteum. ln summary, TGF-beta ligands and receptors were expressed at epiphyseal plate and fracture callus. There was no difference between TGF-beta 1 and 2 expres.ion except the appearance time at epiphyseal plate. We could not draw any conclusion about ligand and rcceptor mechanism with this immunohistochemical staining.
Animals ; Bony Callus* ; Cartilage ; Femur ; Growth Plate* ; Ligands* ; Periosteum ; Rats ; Receptors, Artificial ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1

PURPOSE: To report a case of keratoconjunctivitis induced by Dieffenbachia plant sap. CASE SUMMARY: A 44-year-old woman presented with severe ocular pain and decreased visual acuity which developed after she accidentally got Dieffenbachia plant sap in her left eye. During her initial evaluation, visual acuity was 0.4 in her left eye. On slit lamp examination, we found that she had moderate injection of the conjunctiva, an epithelial defect, and fine needle-like blue crystals in the stromal layer of the cornea. The patient was treated with topical steroids and antibiotics. We checked the treatment response using a regular slit lamp examination. Six days after the injury, all of the findings which were observed on the first day had resolved except the needle-like blue crystals in the stromal layer of the cornea. These gradually disappeared from the cornea 11 days after the accident. After six weeks, the crystals in the stromal layer had completely resolved. She maintained good visual acuity during this time. There was no opacity noted in her cornea. CONCLUSIONS: We experienced a case of keratoconjunctivitis induced by Dieffenbachia plant sap. This sap caused severe ocular pain and a reversible decrease in visual acuity when in contact with the eye.
Adult ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Conjunctiva ; Cornea ; Eye ; Female ; Humans ; Keratoconjunctivitis ; Plants ; Steroids ; Visual Acuity

PURPOSE: To report a simple surgical technique for rebuilding the palpebral tarsal plate using a Medpor(R) sheet. The formation of a palpebral tarsal plate is very important in the reconstruction of the eyelid. Transplantation of cartilaginous tissue is often necessary to create the palpebral tarsal plate. However obtaining enough cartilaginous tissue is difficult. CASE SUMMARY: Eyelid reconstruction and surgical resection of each lesion was attempted on two patients clinically diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma between August, 2006 and November, 2007. Reconstruction was performed using a modified Cutler-Beard method or the sebaceous gland carcinoma that occurred in the upper eyelid, and a modified Tenzel semicircular rotational flap procedure was used or the basal cell carcinoma that occurred in the lower eyelid. For the reconstruction of tarsus, 0.45 mm Medpor(R) sheet was used. Complications, such as shortage of eyelid movement, dragging of eyelid or unstable eyelid margin, did not occur after the operations in either subject. In the case of the upper eyelid reconstruction, the eyelid became stiff at the early stage, but the condition improved after 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The reconstruction of the palpebral tarsal plate using a Medpor(R) sheet is considered an effective and safe technique for the reconstruction of an eyelid.
Animals ; Ankle ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Eyelids ; Humans ; Sebaceous Glands ; Transplants

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of smoking on the clinical, radiographic outcome of surgical peridontal therapy. The outcome of periodontal surgery was evaluated in 51 systemically healthy subjects that had received maintenance care. The study subjects consisted of 26 smokers and 25 non-smokers. The average age of smoking patients was 51 years old and non-smoking patients was 48 years old. Changes of probing pocket depth(PPD) and radiographic bone height, and number of missing teeth compared between smokers and non-smokers during maintenance period after surgical therapy. The clinical parameters were less favorable in the smoking group compared with non-smoking group. The number and percentage of missing teeth were greater in smokers(21.6%) than non- smokers(12.4%), especially in molars. The mean presurgery PPD was similar in smokers and non-smokers, molars and premolars, but significantly decreased at least 2 years after surgery. The mean PPD reduction was significantly greater in nonsmokers than smokers. Both in the smoking and non-smoking group, the mean PPD reduction was significantly greater in premolars than molars. The radiographical evaluation was also less favorable in the smoking group than non-smoking group. The radiographic evaluation of bone height in smokers showed bone loss. On the contrary, bone height of nonsmokers showed bone gain during the period of maintenance. But there was no significant difference between molars and premolars. The clinical and radiographic outcomes of the smoking group was less favorable than those of the nonsmoking group. Therefore, smoking seems to influence on the clinical and radiographic outcomes of surgical periodontal therapy.

TGF-p receptor mutation is now considered as one of the carcinogenic process of many tumors. To evaluate whether there is an abnormality in TGF-p type II receptor in osteosarcoma cell lines, we performed Northern analysis, cross-linking assay, luciferase activity and TGF-p growth inhibition assay in four osteosarcoma cell lines: G292, U202, HOS and SaOS. We also transfected the tumor cells with normal TGF-p type II receptor sequence to find if there is a possibility of gene therapy in osteosarcoma. In Northern analysis, Type II receptor expressions were decreased at SaOS, U202 and HOS cell lines. In cross-linking assay, all four cell lines didnt show type II receptor at their cell surface. The growth of these tumor cells were not suppressed by TGF-p. From these findings, we concluded that the normal production of TGF-p type II receptor was impaired in osteosarcoma. The transfection of these tumor cells with normal type II receptor sequence restored growth inhibition by TGF-p. This means even though TGF-p type II receptor is abnormal in osteosarcoma, we can restore its function by transfection of normal sequence. We think that the TGF-p type Il receptor gene therapy can be one of the treatment method for osteosarcoma in the future.
Cell Line* ; Genetic Therapy ; Luciferases ; Osteosarcoma* ; Transfection

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the motor unit numbers in normal adult hand muscles using manual incremental technique and F-wave technique. METHOD: We estimated the motor unit numbers in abductor pollicis brevis muscles of twenty normal adults. In manual incremental technique, we estimated the motor unit numbers using motor unit count program setted in electrodiagnostic equipment (Dantec, Keypoint). In F-wave technique, we estimated the motor unit numbers dividing maximal M-potential amplitude by mean amplitude of surface motor unit action potential. RESULTS: There was no significant difference of motor unit numbers between right and left abductor pollicis brevis in both manual incremental and F-wave technique. Motor unit numbers using F-wave technique were significantly greater than motor unit numbers using manual incremental technique. CONCLUSION: The difference of motor unit numbers using manual incremental technique and F-wave technique was considered as a difference of functional electrical stimulation. F-wave technique was more physiologic and functional method of motor unit numbers estimation than manual incremental technique.
Action Potentials ; Adult* ; Electric Stimulation ; Hand ; Humans ; Muscles

Flail arm syndrome (FAS), an atypical presentation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is characterized by progressive, predominantly proximal, weakness of upper limbs, without involvement of the lower limb, bulbar, or respiratory muscles. When encountering a patient who presents with this symptomatic profile, possible diagnoses include upper limb onset ALS (UL-ALS), and FAS. The lack of information regarding FAS may make differential diagnosis between FAS and UL-ALS difficult in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to compare clinical and electromyographic findings from patients diagnosed with FAS with those from patients diagnosed with UL-ALS. To accomplish this, 18 patients with FAS and 56 patients with UL-ALS were examined. Significant differences were observed between the 2 groups pertaining to the rate of fasciculation, patterns of predominantly affected muscles, and the Medical Research Council scale of the weakest muscle. The presence of upper motor neuron signs and lower motor neuron involvement evidenced through electromyography showed no significant between-group differences.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis* ; Arm* ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electromyography ; Fasciculation ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Motor Neuron Disease ; Motor Neurons ; Muscles ; Respiratory Muscles ; Upper Extremity*

Septic artiritis is a disease that causes a rapid joint destruction by various kinds of bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. It affects more frequently the patients with rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, immunocompromised patients, and chronic steroid users. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 1 to 12% of patients are affected by septic arthritis. In these patients, it is very difficult to distinguish between an acute exacerbation of rheumatoid arthritis and a development of septic arthritis if the latter affects more than one joint. Septic arthritis usually affects single joint, especially the knee joint. If the diagnosis and treatment are delayed, it would cause sepsis resulting in high mortality and morbidity. Thus early diagnosis by arthrocentesis, prompt drainage, and antibiotics therapy are essential. We experienced a 46 years-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who abused the steroids for 10 years and complaining recent aggravation of bilateral knee joint swelling, warmth, and tenderness. Large amount of pus from both knees showed Gram positive cocci. The immediate open surgical drainage of both knees was done. The patient recovered from septic arthritis after 6 weeks of antibiotics therapy. The synovial fluid microbiology study should be done in all joints of the patients with the risk factors of joint infection.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Arthritis, Infectious ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Bacteria ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Gram-Positive Cocci ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; Joints ; Knee Joint ; Knee* ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Risk Factors ; Sepsis ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Steroids ; Suppuration ; Synovial Fluid