A granular cell tumor (GCT) is a relatively rare benign tumor that has been seldom reported since Abrikossoff first described it as a granular cell myoblastoma in 1926. While GCTs can occur anywhere in the human body, they are very rarely observed in the gastrointestinal tract and are especially rare in the large intestine. Most GCTs are small and asymptomatic and are often found by endoscopy, upper gastrointestinal series, and autopsy. We report two cases in which a submucosal tumor in the cecum was accidentally discovered by colonoscopy and was subsequently removed by colon polypectomy and endoscopic mucosal resection. Immunohistochemical analysis of the samples confirmed both cases as GCT. The literature review and reports of other growths in the gastrointestinal tracts support the necessity for proper identification of GCTs within the body to differentiate them from more malignant tumors.

A granular cell tumor (GCT) is a relatively rare benign tumor that has been seldom reported since Abrikossoff first described it as a granular cell myoblastoma in 1926. While GCTs can occur anywhere in the human body, they are very rarely observed in the gastrointestinal tract and are especially rare in the large intestine. Most GCTs are small and asymptomatic and are often found by endoscopy, upper gastrointestinal series, and autopsy. We report two cases in which a submucosal tumor in the cecum was accidentally discovered by colonoscopy and was subsequently removed by colon polypectomy and endoscopic mucosal resection. Immunohistochemical analysis of the samples confirmed both cases as GCT. The literature review and reports of other growths in the gastrointestinal tracts support the necessity for proper identification of GCTs within the body to differentiate them from more malignant tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of high-pitch mode (HPM) in dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) on the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) volumetry for solid pulmonary nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A lung phantom implanted with 45 solid pulmonary nodules (n = 15 for each of 4-mm, 6-mm, and 8-mm in diameter) was scanned twice, first in conventional pitch mode (CPM) and then in HPM using DSCT. The relative percentage volume errors (RPEs) of 3D volumetry were compared between the HPM and CPM. In addition, the intermode volume variability (IVV) of 3D volumetry was calculated. RESULTS: In the measurement of the 6-mm and 8-mm nodules, there was no significant difference in RPE (p > 0.05, respectively) between the CPM and HPM (IVVs of 1.2 +/- 0.9%, and 1.7 +/- 1.5%, respectively). In the measurement of the 4-mm nodules, the mean RPE in the HPM (35.1 +/- 7.4%) was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than that in the CPM (18.4 +/- 5.3%), with an IVV of 13.1 +/- 6.6%. However, the IVVs were in an acceptable range (< 25%), regardless of nodule size. CONCLUSION: The accuracy of 3D volumetry with HPM for solid pulmonary nodule is comparable to that with CPM. However, the use of HPM may adversely affect the accuracy of 3D volumetry for smaller (< 5 mm in diameter) nodule.
Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional/instrumentation/*methods ; Lung/radiography ; Lung Neoplasms/*radiography ; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules/*radiography ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule/*radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation/*methods

OBJECTIVE: To determine optimal follow-up time of BAEP for the infants with abnormal BAEP at the initial screening test. METHOD: Control group consisted of 85 infants with normal BAEP and experimental group consisted of 41 infants with abnormal BAEP at the first examination but normalized on regular follow-up examinations. Gestational age (correctional age), intrauterine period, birth weight, delivery method, presence of perinatal asphyxia, Apgar score after 1 minute, the highest serum bilirubin level, and the results of cranial ultrasonography were recorded. The above parameters, peak and interpeak latencies of BAEP were compared between both groups. RESULTS: Lower correctional age at the first BAEP, shorter intrauterine period, and lower birth weight were noted in experimental group (p<0.001). The average correctional age when BAEP had normalized in experimental group was 45.0+/-5.8 weeks, which was much later than 40.2+/-2.8 weeks in control group (p<0.001). 90.2% of infants among experimental group revealed normalized BAEP within 48 weeks, and 95.1% within 51 weeks according to correctional age, or within 12 weeks after initial examination. CONCLUSION: We recommend that BAEP should be rechecked after 48 weeks by correctional age for the high risk infants who were abnormal with initial screening BAEP.
Apgar Score ; Asphyxia ; Bilirubin ; Birth Weight ; Brain Stem* ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Mass Screening ; Ultrasonography

Coronary artery disease (CAD) narrows vessel lumens at the sites of atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of myocardial ischemia or infarction. Early and accurate diagnosis of CAD is crucial to significantly improve prognosis and management. CT angiography (CTA) is a noninvasive imaging technique that enables assessment of vascular structure and stenosis with high resolution and contrast. Coronary CTA is useful in the diagnosis of CAD. Recently, the CAD-reporting and data system (CAD-RADS), a diagnostic classification system based on coronary CTA, has been developed to improve intervention efficacy in patients suspected of CAD. While the CADRAD is based on CTA, it includes borderline categories where interpreting the coronary artery status solely based on CTA findings may be challenging. This review introduces CTA findings that fall within the CAD-RADS categories that necessitate additional tests to decide to perform invasive coronary angiography and discusses appropriate management strategies.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) narrows vessel lumens at the sites of atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of myocardial ischemia or infarction. Early and accurate diagnosis of CAD is crucial to significantly improve prognosis and management. CT angiography (CTA) is a noninvasive imaging technique that enables assessment of vascular structure and stenosis with high resolution and contrast. Coronary CTA is useful in the diagnosis of CAD. Recently, the CAD-reporting and data system (CAD-RADS), a diagnostic classification system based on coronary CTA, has been developed to improve intervention efficacy in patients suspected of CAD. While the CADRAD is based on CTA, it includes borderline categories where interpreting the coronary artery status solely based on CTA findings may be challenging. This review introduces CTA findings that fall within the CAD-RADS categories that necessitate additional tests to decide to perform invasive coronary angiography and discusses appropriate management strategies.

Coronary artery disease (CAD) narrows vessel lumens at the sites of atherosclerosis, increasing the risk of myocardial ischemia or infarction. Early and accurate diagnosis of CAD is crucial to significantly improve prognosis and management. CT angiography (CTA) is a noninvasive imaging technique that enables assessment of vascular structure and stenosis with high resolution and contrast. Coronary CTA is useful in the diagnosis of CAD. Recently, the CAD-reporting and data system (CAD-RADS), a diagnostic classification system based on coronary CTA, has been developed to improve intervention efficacy in patients suspected of CAD. While the CADRAD is based on CTA, it includes borderline categories where interpreting the coronary artery status solely based on CTA findings may be challenging. This review introduces CTA findings that fall within the CAD-RADS categories that necessitate additional tests to decide to perform invasive coronary angiography and discusses appropriate management strategies.

Computed tomography (CT) is an important imaging modality in evaluating thoracic malignancies. The clinical utility of dual-energy spectral computed tomography (DESCT) has recently been realized. DESCT allows for virtual monoenergetic or monochromatic imaging, virtual non-contrast or unenhanced imaging, iodine concentration measurement, and effective atomic number (Zeff map). The application of information gained using this technique in the field of thoracic oncology is important, and therefore many studies have been conducted to explore the use of DESCT in the evaluation and management of thoracic malignancies. Here we summarize and review recent DESCT studies on clinical applications related to thoracic oncology.

PURPOSE: All-terrain vehicle (ATV)-related injuries have increased since the introduction of ATVs to Korea. The purpose of this study is to compare patients with ATV-related injuries (PATV) to patients with motorcycle (MC)-related injuries (PMC). METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical records of PATV and PMC who visited an emergency center in 2008. The cases of PMC were 164, and those of PATV were 52. RESULTS: While PMC are seen evenly in the first half year and the second half year, PATV are seen mainly the first half year (from March to June: 73%). For PMC the most frequent injury mechanism was collision with another vehicle, while for PATV, it was side overturn/roll over. The injury severity score (ISS), the revised trauma score (RTS), the trauma score and the injury severity score (TRISS) were 5.6+/-5.6, 7.7+/-0.7, 5.0+/-2.1 for PMC and 7.1+/-7.5, 7.7+/-1.1, 5.5+/-1.5 for PATV, respectively. The most common injury sites were the lower extremities for PMC and the face for PATV. The rates of admission, surgery and the length of hospital stay were similar between PMC and PATV. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the risk of ATV accidents is similar to that of MC accidents. We recommend that the same safety standards and regulations that are applied to MCs should be used for ATVs. Safe and enjoyable paths have to be sought for drivers of ATVs.
Emergencies ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Lower Extremity ; Motorcycles ; Off-Road Motor Vehicles ; Retrospective Studies ; Social Control, Formal

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between transient bradycardia following cordocentesis and adverse pregnancy outcome. METHODS: 117 cordocentesis was performed at Samsung Cheil hospital and women's healthcare center, between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2002. Clinically significant bradycardia was defined as a drop in the heart rate to less than 120 bpm. The adverse outcome included major anomaly, chromosomal abnormality, intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, and intrauterine fetal death. RESULTS: Bradycardia following cordocentesis was observed in 13 cases (11.1 per cent). The fetal heart rate before (149.2 +/- 0.7 bpm) and after (144.7 +/- 2.8 bpm) cordocenteis was significantly different. The adverse outcome rate was 50.0 per cent (6/12) in cases with bradycardia and 27.7 per cent (26/94) in those without bradycardia (RR=2.6, P=NS). CONCLUSION: Our result is that the association between transient bradycardia following cordocentesis and adverse pregnancy isn't statistically significant, even though adverse outcome is more frequent in pateints with bradycaredia. Therefore, patient with bradycardia following cordocentesis need periodic fetal surveillance.
Bradycardia* ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Cordocentesis* ; Delivery of Health Care ; Female ; Fetal Death ; Heart Rate ; Heart Rate, Fetal ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome* ; Pregnancy* ; Premature Birth