No abstract available.
Child* ; Humans ; Urinary Tract Infections* ; Urinary Tract*

Countries around the world are spending a lot of social costs due to various social problems such as traffic congestion, housing, and living environments caused by urbanization. It is judged that it is urban air mobility (UAM) that can solve these problems, so each country and local government are actively participating in the UAM industry to solve these problems. And it is promoting it to the public with a blueprint as the best alternative that can dramatically solve the congested traffic environment in the city center. However, I don’t think it explains in detail the many limited operating environments and risks to be overcome in order to commercialize UAM. Therefore, I would like to consider the low-altitude airspace operating environment and vertical take-off landing aerodynamic limitations required for stable commercialization of UAM aircraft.

Cauda equina syndrome is a rare neurologic complication in patient with long-standing ankylosing spondylitis. Authors report a case of cauda equina syndrome. in ankylosing spondylitis. On plain radiographs, typical "bamboo spine" and fusion of sacroiliac joints were noted. MRI of the lumbar spine revealed arachnoid diverticulae which were isointense to cerebrospinal fluid on all spin echo sequences, and showed bony erosion and scalloping of posterior arches.
Arachnoid Cysts ; Cauda Equina* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Pectinidae ; Polyradiculopathy* ; Sacroiliac Joint ; Spine ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing*

No abstract available.
Cisplatin* ; Drug Therapy* ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Mitomycin* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

During laparoscopic surgery with carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum, PaCO2 (arterial CO2 gas tension) and P(ET)O2 (end-tidal CO2 gas tension) will be affected by the durations of CO2 pneumo-peritoneum and the body positions. PaCO2 and P(ET)CO2 were investigated 5 minutes after induction of general anesthesia(control value), 10 minutes, 30 minutes and 60 minutes after CO2 gas insufflation, and 15 minutes after CO2 gas excretion. Seventy-two patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were allocated to two study groups: group I, laparoscopic appendectomy under the Trendelenburg position; group II, laparoscopic cholecystectomy under the reverse Trendelenburg position. In results, PaCO2 and P(ET)CO2 were significantly increased during laparoscopic surgery that associated with times of CO2 pneumoperitoneum. PaCO2 and P(ET)CO2 at 60 minutes after CO2 gas insufflation were increased from P(ET)CO2 control value 35.8+/-4.2 mmHg, P(ET)CO2 . control value 34.0+/-3.6 mmHg to P(ET)CO2 . 39.98.0 mmHg, P(ET)CO2 42.3+/-4.7 mmHg(p<0.05). PaCO2 and PO in group I were more increased compared with group II. PaCO and P(ET)CO2 in group I were increased from PaCO2 control value 35.9+/-4.8 mmHg, P(ET)CO2 control value 34.9+/-3.7 mmHg to PaCO2 45.7+/-2.5 mmHg, P(ET)CO2 48.0+/-3.6 mmHg(p<0.05), in group II from PaCO control value 35.7+/-3.2 mmHg, P(ET)CO2 control value 32.8+/-3.0 mmHg to PaCO2 38.4+/-8.3 mmHg, P(ET)CO2 40.4+/-3.2 mmHg(p<0.05). In conclusion, to minimize the risk of a carbon dioxide retension during laparoscopy especially under the Trendelenburg position, we recommend that ventilation should be adjusted to to the normal range of PaCO2 and P(ET)CO2.
Anesthesia, General ; Appendectomy ; Carbon Dioxide ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; Head-Down Tilt ; Humans ; Insufflation ; Laparoscopy* ; Pneumoperitoneum* ; Reference Values ; Ventilation

No abstract available.
Kidney Transplantation*

A parallel group double-blind comparative trial was conducted to study the efficacy and safety of risperidone compared with haloperidol. After a one-week wash-out, 35 chronic schizophrenic patients (17 males, 18 females) were randomly assigned to one of two groups for eight weeks of double-blind treatment. The patients' psychopathology was assessed by means of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI). Safety assessments included the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS), the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale, vital signs, body weight, ECG and laboratory screening. Thirty-two patients completed the trial: there were 3 dropouts in the risperidone group. The results on the PANSS and CGI indicate that the mean changes from baseline on the total PANSS score and on the total BPRS score were comparable in both treatment groups. The number of patients where a clinical improvement at least 20% reduction in baseline score was also similar in both treatment groups. Risperidone caused less extrapyramidal symptoms and less side effects in UKU scale than haloperidol. No significant ECG changes were induced, no relevant changes in blood pressure or clinical laboratory parameters were observed. This study has demonstrated that the combined serotonin 5-HT2 and dopamine-D2 antagonist risperidone is an antipsychotic as potent as haloperidol. Risperidone causes less extrapyramidal symptoms, and is better tolerated than haloperidol.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Chronic Disease ; Comparative Study ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Haloperidol/*therapeutic use ; Human ; Isoxazoles/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Age ; Piperidines/*therapeutic use ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia/*drug therapy

PURPOSE: As modern society has became more open, interest in healthy internal and external growth has increased, including that pertaining to penile length in children. A micropenis is defined as one where penile length is more than 2 SD (standard deviation) below the mean, and it can be traced back to chromosome and endocrine disorders. The authors executed this study to suggest guidelines for the study of the micropenis and standard information for penile length in Korean newborns. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 168 male infants between 37 and 42 weeks of gestational age, none of whom had any complications during pregnancy or birth; each had been born in Daegu Fatima Hospital between February and June 2007. Penile length was measured using conventional stretched penile length measurement (CPLM) and syringe methods. RESULTS: Penile length was 3.02+/-0.25 cm (F=36.467, R(2)=0.180, P<0.001) when measured with CPLM, and 3.29+/-0.26 cm (F=9.149, R(2)=0.052, P<0.001) with the syringe method. There was no statistically significant difference in the penile length of newborn infants as a result of taking measurements with the two methods, and both methods showed significance at 0.631 in terms of Pearson's correlation coefficient, at the level of P=0.01. CONCLUSION: In this study, penile length tended to be longer when gestational age was longer, and a micropenis can be assumed to be one less than 2.5 cm using CPLM and less than 2.8 cm using the syringe method. In the case of a concealed penis, the syringe method is helpful. When a micropenis is assumed, close observation by outpatient department personnel, and additional endocrine and chromosome studies should be undertaken after sufficiently consulting the parents.
Child ; Genital Diseases, Male ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Outpatients ; Parents ; Penis ; Pregnancy ; Reference Values ; Syringes

PURPOSE: As modern society has became more open, interest in healthy internal and external growth has increased, including that pertaining to penile length in children. A micropenis is defined as one where penile length is more than 2 SD (standard deviation) below the mean, and it can be traced back to chromosome and endocrine disorders. The authors executed this study to suggest guidelines for the study of the micropenis and standard information for penile length in Korean newborns. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 168 male infants between 37 and 42 weeks of gestational age, none of whom had any complications during pregnancy or birth; each had been born in Daegu Fatima Hospital between February and June 2007. Penile length was measured using conventional stretched penile length measurement (CPLM) and syringe methods. RESULTS: Penile length was 3.02+/-0.25 cm (F=36.467, R(2)=0.180, P<0.001) when measured with CPLM, and 3.29+/-0.26 cm (F=9.149, R(2)=0.052, P<0.001) with the syringe method. There was no statistically significant difference in the penile length of newborn infants as a result of taking measurements with the two methods, and both methods showed significance at 0.631 in terms of Pearson's correlation coefficient, at the level of P=0.01. CONCLUSION: In this study, penile length tended to be longer when gestational age was longer, and a micropenis can be assumed to be one less than 2.5 cm using CPLM and less than 2.8 cm using the syringe method. In the case of a concealed penis, the syringe method is helpful. When a micropenis is assumed, close observation by outpatient department personnel, and additional endocrine and chromosome studies should be undertaken after sufficiently consulting the parents.
Child ; Genital Diseases, Male ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Outpatients ; Parents ; Penis ; Pregnancy ; Reference Values ; Syringes

Four patients underwent lumbar surgery. In all four patients, the dura was minimally torn during the operation. However, none exhibited signs of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage. In each case, a few days after the operation, the patient suddenly experienced severe recurring pain in the leg. Repeat magnetic resonance imaging showed transdural nerve rootlets entrapped in the intervertebral disc space. On exploration, ventral dural tears and transdural nerve rootlet entrapment were confirmed. Midline durotomy, herniated rootlet repositioning, and ventral dural tear repair were performed, and patients' symptoms improved after rootlet repositioning. Even with minimal dural tearing, nerve rootlets may become entrapped, resulting in severe recurring symptoms. Therefore, the dural tear must be identified and repaired during the first operation.
Diskectomy ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Laminectomy ; Leg ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging