A statistical study on medical students who entered certain college of medicine during 10 years ('73 to '82) was performed in order to evaluate medical educational wastage. The obtained results summerized were as follows; 1. The normal promotion rate of 10 cohorts(CI-CX) was 83.4,% and 5 cohorts(CI to CV) whose members had already graduated(including dropouts) was 77.50. 2. The mean repetition rate in 1st grade was 15.596/, in 2nd grade 5.4%, in 3rd grade 1.4% and in 4th grade 0.60. 3. The predicted number of repetion(spell base) which are attendance at the college in 1st grade was 31.6, in 2nd grade 28.9, in 3rd grade 18.6 and in 4th grade 22.7; 4. The total wastage of 10 cohorts was 224.8 SY, which corresponded to educational resources of 56.2 out-puts for normal demand. 5. The mean unit cost of 10 cohorts was 4. 62 and the mean Input/Output ratio was 1.06.
Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Statistics as Topic* ; Students, Medical

No abstract available.
Aging*

BACKGROUND: Laser facial skin resurfacing has become a method of treatment for photoaging and pigmentary conditions. Although excellent results can be obtained by high-energy, pulsed carbon dioxide(CO2) laser, significant morbidity exists due to the considerable thermal damage to the skin. The Erbium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet(Er: YAG) laser, with a wavelength of 2940 nm, is well absorbed in water. This leads to a very small zone of thermal necrosis, compared ta the CO2 laser. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of the combined use of the char-free CO2 laser and the Er: YAG laser in the treatment of facial wrinkles. METHODS: Forty-six patients, aged between 30 and 68 years, with facial wrinkles, were evaulated. Two types of resurfacing laser systems were utilized in this study, a high-energy, short-pulsed CO2 laser and a Er: YAG 1aser. Wrinkle improvement was evaulated by the patients satisfaction, clinical improvement, and photographic analysis before and after the resurfacing procedure. RESULTS: Twenty-six of the 46 patients had greater than an 80% improvement, and 19 patients had a 60-80% improvement. Only one patient showed a 50% or less improvement. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of char-free CO2 laser and Er: YAG laser for facial wrinkles is a safe and effective modality for laser skin resurfacing.
Aluminum ; Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Erbium* ; Humans ; Lasers, Gas* ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Necrosis ; Skin ; Water ; Yttrium

Chest CT is the most useful modality in the diagnosis of primary lung cancer, particularly in patients with recurrent pneumonia which are resistant to antibiotic therapy and in high risk age groups for cancer, The purpose of this examination is to assess the usefulness of CT in pneumonia types of lung cancer. The authors retrospectively analyzed 15 histologically proven cases of pneumonic type lung cancer, which had no evidence of primary lung mass, mediastinal lymphadenopathy or other metastatic lesion on piain chest radiography. On CT scan, a primary lung mass was identified in 13 patients(87%, bronchial obstruction was identified in 12 patients(80%), and metastatic foci was found in the bone(one patient), liver(one patient), and spleen(one patients). In Conclusion, CT scan is a useful method to detect the mediastinal lymphadenopathy or pulmonary mass and also should be the initial radiolographic procedure for diagnosis of lung cancer in patients with recurrent pneumonia on simple chest radiography.
Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Methods ; Pneumonia* ; Radiography ; Retrospective Studies ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell* ; Cystectomy* ; Urinary Bladder*

No abstract available.
Amniocentesis* ; Cerclage, Cervical* ; Female ; Labor Stage, First* ; Pregnancy

Multiple symmetric lipomatosis is a rare disease and affects almost exclusively middle aged man, usually with a background of excessive a alcohol intake. The disease is characterized by progressive growth of subcutaneous fat masses which are located symmetrically at neck, shoulders, chest, abdomen and groin, and which subsequently penetrate deeply into the surrounding spaces and structures with symptomatic compression of deep organs, such as trachea. A recent survey revealed a high incidence of sometic and autonomic neuropathy. The exact cause of the disease is not known, but a hyperplastic mechanism has been postulated, with in vitro studies demonstrating a defect in adrenergic-stimulated lipolysis of lipomatous tissue. We have experienced two cases of multiple symmetric lipomatosis. Case 1 was a 59-year-old male, complaining of slowly enlarging doughunt ring-shaped mass at his neck. He had a habit of excessive alcohol intake for many years. The subcutaneous mass at the neck was excised. The pathology report described the specimen as "normal adipose tissue". Case 2 was a 49-year-old male, complanining of slowly enlarging multiple symmetric masses at the neck, shoulders, chest, abdomen, flank and groin over a period of 6 years. He also complained of mild muscular weakness. He had a habit of excessive alcohol intake for many years. The subcutaneous mass in the neck was excised. The specimen had a tendency to form globular masses and microscopically indistinguishable from mature adipose tissue.
Incidence

No abstract available.
Prevalence* ; Urinary Calculi* ; Urinary Tract*

No abstract available

No abstract available in English.
Fatigue ; Fractures, Stress