Fractures of the tibial condyles, involving as they do weight-bearing articular surfaces and important soft tissues such as collateral ligaments, cruciate ligaments and semilunar cartilages present a variety of problems in treatment and prognosis. Apley, Slee, and others maintained the opinion that most fractures of the tibial condyles could be managed conservatively. On the other hand, Rombold, Schatzker, and others seemed to consider closed treatment to be virtually a form of therapeutic nihilism and adviced open reduction. But recently most authors agree that the method of treatment has to be selected in each individual case, and recommend anatomical reduction of the fracture as possible and early knee motion. During 7 years period from January 1974 to July 1981, of the tibial condylar fractures treated at the department of orthopaedic surgery, Han Gang Shim Hospital, 41 cases that could be followed have been analysed according to the cause, classification, method of treatment and result. The following results were obtained from the analysis of 41 tibial condylar fractures. l. Of the 41 cases, 34 (83%) were male and 7 (17%) were female. 2. Of the 41 cases, 32 (78%) were due to traffic accident, 25 pedestrian, 7 occupant, 8 (20%) were due to fall from height. 3. Of the 41 cases, 31 (76%) were associated with other injuries. 4. Of the 41 cases, 30 were treated by conservative method with functionally acceptable result in 22 cases (73%) and 11 were treated by open reduction with functionally acceptable result in 9 cases (82%). 5. According to the Hohl and Luck's criteria, acceptable functional result was obtained in 31 (76%) cases.
Accidents, Traffic ; Classification ; Clinical Study ; Collateral Ligaments ; Female ; Hand ; Humans ; Knee ; Ligaments ; Male ; Menisci, Tibial ; Methods ; Prognosis ; Weight-Bearing

No abstract available.
Respiration*

No abstract available in English.
Hemangiosarcoma ; Osteomyelitis

A 24-year-old man visited our hospital with painless scrotal mass 2 weeks in duration. Physical examination revealed about 3cm in diameter, ovoid, hard, movable and painless mass in the left side of the scrotum. He had no history of trauma, voiding difficulty or infection sign. CBC, blood chemistry and tumor marker were normal. Left orchiectomy was done. Tumor was a well encapsulated white-gray ovoid mass filled with yellowish gray material and histogically diagnosed as epidermoid cyst. Benign tumors of testis are rare, acounting for less than 1% of all testicular tumors. Herein we report a case of epidermoid cyst of testis and review the literatures.
Chemistry ; Epidermal Cyst* ; Humans ; Orchiectomy ; Physical Examination ; Scrotum ; Testicular Neoplasms ; Testis* ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular injury is a potentially fatal complication of blunt chest trauma. The diagnosis of cardiovascular injury in blunt chest trauma is not easy because of concomittent injuries of thoracic cage or lungs and early death from cardiovascular injury. Diagnostic tools such as electrocardiography or cardiac enzyme studies are not specific to cardiovascular injury. Two-demensional echocardiography can visualize anatomic and functional disturbances from cardiovascular injuries in patients with blunt chest trauma. Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of echocardiography in detecting cardiovascular injury of patients with blunt chest trauma. METHODS: We performed echocardiography for detecting cardiovascular injury in 151 patients with significant blunt chest trauma including sternal fracture, multiple rib fractures or pulmonary contusion. Echocardiography was performed within 6 hours since patient arrived emergency department. Electrocardiography was traced on arrival and 24 hours after admission. Serial determinations of cardiac enzymes including MB fraction of creatinine phosphokinase were also performed every 8 hours after admission. RESULTS: 37(25%) patients had echocardiographic evidences of cardiovascular injury. Abnormal echocardiographic findings were 10 pericardial effusion, 9 regional wall motion abnormality(RWMA) outright ventricle, 5 aortic injuries, 4 reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, 3 RWMA of left ventricle, 2 right ventricular dilatation, 2 valve injuries, and 2 other cardiovascular injuries. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were associated with echocardiographic findings. However, CK-MB/CK ratio was not associated with echocardiographic findings. Significant proportion(65%) of patients with abnormal echocardiographic findings needed cardiovascular management during hospital stay. CONCLUSION: Two-dimensional echocardiography is useful for detecting cardiovascular injury. Echocardiographic abnormality in blunt chest trauma is associated with high probability of need of cardiovascular management.
Contusions ; Creatinine ; Diagnosis* ; Dilatation ; Echocardiography* ; Electrocardiography ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Heart Ventricles ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Lung ; Pericardial Effusion ; Rib Fractures ; Stroke Volume ; Thorax*

Fibrous histiocytoma is a slow-growing mesenchymal tumor that most commonly occurs in soft tissue and retroperitoneum, with an occasional occurrence in the orbit. This mesenchymal tumor should be included in the differential diagnosis of orbital mass in adults because this tumor is radioresistant and prone to recurrences and malignant potential if incompletely excised. So complete excision is the treatment of choice. A case report of a healthy 27-year-old woman with a gradually increasing, non tender superonasal mass and proptosis in the left orbit. She also developed diplopia. CT scan and MRI showed a well-marginated and encapsulated homo-geneous 2 x3 cmsized mass in the superonasal portion of the left orbit. The tumor was totally excised under the impression of carvenous hemangioma. In H-E stain, tumor cell revealed a marked cellularity, storiform arrangement of ovoid to spindle cells but there was little nuclear polymorphism, atypism and absent mitosis. Results of immunohistochemical study showed positive cytoplasmic immunoreactivity to alpha-1-ntitrypsin antibody but negative to S-100 protein, smooth muscle actin, Neuron specific enolase. Masson-Trichrome stain showed positive. The final diagnosis of a benign fibrous histiocytoma invading the orbit was confirmed by histopathological examination. There was no recurrence for more than 14 months after complete surgical excision. We present the above case with a brief review of literature.
Actins ; Adult ; Cytoplasm ; Diagnosis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Diplopia ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Hemangioma ; Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous* ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mitosis ; Muscle, Smooth ; Orbit* ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; Recurrence ; S100 Proteins ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare vertebral body height restoration rate in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who had undergone percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty (KP) with that of control group who had matched age, sex, body mass index, and bone mineral density. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: There is no report on result of KP in RA patients. METHODS: Postoperative height restoration rate of RA group consisting of 15 patients (18 vertebral bodies) who had undergone KP due to osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with a 30% or higher vertebral compression rate between May 2005 and January 2013 were compared to control group consisting of 38 patients (39 vertebral bodies) who had matched age, sex, body mass index, and bone mineral density. RESULTS: No statically significant difference in age (p=0.846), sex (p=0.366), body mass index (p=0.826), bone mineral density (p=0.349), time to surgery (p=0.528), polymethylmethacrylate injection time (p=0.298), or amount (p=0.830) was found between the RA group and the control group. However, preoperative compression rate in the RA group was significantly (p=0.025) higher compared to that in the control group. In addition, postoperative height restoration rate showed significant correlation with the RA group (p=0.008). Although higher incidence of recollapse occurred in the RA group compared to that in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.305). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to the control group, RA patients showed higher compression rate and higher vertebral restoration rate after KP, indirectly indicating weaker bone quality in patients with RA. Higher incidence of recollapse occurred in the RA group compared to that in the control group, although it was not statistically significant.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Body Height ; Body Mass Index ; Bone Density ; Fractures, Compression* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kyphoplasty* ; Polymethyl Methacrylate ; Retrospective Studies

Purpose: The antitumor activity and toxicity of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) on bladder carcinomas induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) were investigated. Materials and Methods: Sixty 6 to 8-week-old female C3H2 mice were divided into three groups. Bladder carcinomas were induced by the addition of 0.05% BBN to the drinking water for 8 weeks. Group A received an intravesical instillation of 0.25ml KLH-free buffer, Group B received 0.5mg KLH in 0.1ml buffer subcutaneously and Group C received an intravesical instillation of 2mug KLH in 0.25ml buffer twice weekly for 8 weeks (day 15 to day 70). On day 91, all the animals were sacrificed. The tumor incidence, bladder weight and toxicity were evaluated. Results: The incidences of cancer in groups A, B and C were 80, 40 and 60%, respectively. The incidence of cancer was significantly reduced in group B compared to group A (p<0.05). The average bladder weights were 93.63+/-17.746, 71.5+/-7.540 and 77.5+/-9.530mg in groups A, B and C, respectively. The bladder weights in groups B and C were significantly reduced compared to group A (p<0.05). There was no liver, kidney or bone marrow toxicities in groups B and C. Conclusions: These results suggest that KLH act as an effective and safe immunotherapeutic agent for bladder cancer. Prospective randomized clinical trials should be used to evaluate the role of KLH as an immunotherapeutic agent in the prophylaxis of recurrent bladder cancer.
Administration, Intravesical ; Animals ; Bone Marrow ; Drinking Water ; Female ; Hemocyanin* ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Liver ; Mice* ; Models, Animal ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; Urinary Bladder* ; Weights and Measures

To simulate the posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) in the rabbit, 1 IU hyaluronidase and/or 0.2 ml of perfluoropropane gas was intravitreally injected. Ophthalmoscopic, light microscopic examination prepared by cryotechnique, electron microscopic examination, and electroretinogram were done on the 3rd and 28th postoperative days. As a result, the eyes undergone simultaneous intravitreal injection of 1 IU hyaluronidase and 0.2 ml perfluoropropane gas showed membranous structure split from the internal limiting membrane of the superior retina in 3 days after injection. The eyes also demonstrated membranous structure separated from the superior retina after 28 days, simulating vitreous detachment. On the contrary, neither agent alone induced vitreous detachment. No toxic retinal changes associated with simultaneous intravitreal injection of 1 IU hyaluronidase and 0.2 ml perfluoropropane gas were observed. Therefore, with a future support by histologic examination other than cryotechnique and by immunohistochemical analysis, the simultaneous intravitreal injection of perfluoropropane gas and hyaluronidase would be a promising method to induce vitreous detachment in non-vitrectomized eye.
Animals ; Drug Combinations ; Electroretinography ; Eye Diseases/chemically induced/pathology ; Fluorocarbons/*toxicity ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/*toxicity ; Injections ; Rabbits ; Retina/drug effects/physiology ; Vitreous Body/*drug effects/pathology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of serum testosterone, intracavernous pressure, expression of nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) and content of penile smooth muscle in aged rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats were used for this study and divided into control and aging groups. Intracavernous pressure was measured by stimulating the cavernous nerve with 10volt, 2.4mA. Expression of NOS was measured by immunohistochemical staining for NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) diaphorase and the content of penile smooth muscle was measured by Masson's trichrome staining for corpus cavernosum. In each case the stained area-tissue ratio was calculated by computer scanning. RESULTS: Compared with the control group (3.34-0.25ng/ml), the serum testosterone level of the aged group (1.41-0.37ng/ml) was decreased significantly. Compared with the control group (106.7-13.2cmH2O), the intracavernosal pressure of the aged group (71.2-12.3cmH2O) was decreased significantly. Immunohistochemical staining for NOS showed that NADPH diaphorase was stained as brown nerve fiber. Compared with the control group (40.5-3.1%), NOS activity of the aged group (9.5-2.5%) was decreased significantly. On Masson's trichrome staining, the content of penile smooth muscle was 62.8 3.9% in the control group. Compared with the control group, the smooth muscle content of the aged group (35.2-2.4%) was decreased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the factors involved in erectile function were decreased in aged rats.
Adenine ; Aging* ; Animals ; Muscle, Smooth ; NADP ; NADPH Dehydrogenase ; Nerve Fibers ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Testosterone