No abstract available.
Albuterol* ; Asthma* ; Gases* ; Inhalation*

No abstract available.
Antibody Formation* ; Dust* ; Immunotherapy* ; Pyroglyphidae*

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Schizophrenia ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

Death by drowning is a major cause of unnatural death worldwide. It is therefore important to conduct forensic examination of immersed bodies following drowning, in order to determine the diagnosis of drowning, because no specific methods have been established thus far. Therefore, we performed a series of rat experiments to compare autopsy findings between seawater and fresh water drowning cases, which included the presence of pleural effusion and histologic findings of the lung. The results showed that the volume of pleural effusion increased in the seawater drowning group compared to the fresh water drowning group, and the total weight of lung was affected by the type of drowning medium and postmortem interval. However, histologic findings of the lung showed no significant difference between the 2 types of drowning mediums.
Animals ; Autopsy ; Drowning ; Fresh Water ; Lung ; Pleural Effusion ; Rats ; Seawater

Management of the bulbous nasal tip with inadequate projection and drooping is challenging aesthetic plastic surgery. The bulbous nasal tip is influenced by several factors; 1) thick, non-elastic oily skin, 2) soft tissue bulkiness due to supratip fibrous fatty tissue, and 3) a wide intercrural angle or increased interdormal distance. Another common factor among caucasians, hypertrophic alar cartilage, is seen less in orientals. These variable factors can be corrected with various surgical maneuvers for proper tip projection and refined alar shape. All these procedures are performed through open rhinoplasty incision. The fibromuscular fatty tissue on the nasal tip is resected with subdermal tangential excision without violating the detmal blood supply. The proximal part of the lateral crus, dome and the part of medial crus which was isolated from the skin and nasal mucosa are replaced and plicated in midline in the role of a new columellar strut and skeletal support. If more skeletal supports are desired, the new columellar is reinforced with a silicone strut and conchal cartilage onlay grafts are applied. And for lengthening of the columella, a V-Y advancement incision on the columellar base with open rhinoplasty is applied. The pressure splint on the upper third of the columella and nasal tip is applied on the 7th postoperative day and maintained for two months. All procedures are focused on the preservation of catilaginous integrity and in providing skeletal support. We performed nasal tip plasty on the bulbous nasal tip and its simple technique and predictability resulted in improved nasal tip projection and contour.
Adipose Tissue ; Cartilage ; Inlays ; Nasal Mucosa ; Rhinoplasty ; Silicones ; Skin ; Splints ; Surgery, Plastic ; Transplants

OBJECTIVES: A different sequence change, in the mitochondrial tRNA gene, has been proposed as a candidate mutation in the sensorineurnal hearing loss. The purpose of current study is to identify the association between the noise-induced sensorineurnal hearing loss and the A to G mutation at nucleotide 3243 of mitochondrial DNA. METHODS: Subjects were established by history and chart review, and audiological and clinical data were obtained. Blood was sampled from 101 controls, 50 noise-induced hearing loss, and 12 sensorineural deafness. The DNA of these individuals was extracted, and mitochondrial genome was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. Subsequently, the coding sequence of mitochondrial genome was sequenced, and compared to the normal sequence, and all sequence variations were analyzed by restriction endonuclease ApaI. RESULTS: Mitochondrial DNA mutation (3243A->G) was not detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in any patients with noise-induced hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, and normal control without hearing loss in Koreans. The DNA sequencing of PCR products did not revealed an A to G substitution at nucleotide 3243 of mitochondrial DNA. CONCLUSIONS: The noise-induced sensorineural hearing loss was not associated with mitochondrial DNA mutation (3243A->G)
Clinical Coding ; Deafness ; DNA ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Mitochondrial* ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural* ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Transfer ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

It is generally recognized that several chemical mediators are involved in tbe pathogenesis of sunbum; however, the exact mechanism is still to he resolved. Recently, prostaglandin has been found to be one of the inflammatory mediators in sunbum, particularly in the delayed erythema response and several investigators have shown that the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs inhibit the in vivo synthesis of prostaglandin. On the assumption that the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs might exert a beneficial effect on the sunbum through the antiprostaglandin effect, several authors have reported the effect of indomethacin on sunbum. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of topical indomethacin on the delayed erythema response induced by artificial sunlamp and sunlight by clinical and histopathological examination. Indomethacin(2. 5% ointment, 2. 5% solution, 5% solution) was applied immediately after 3 MED irradiation of artificial sunlamp to the shaved back skin of 6 healthy albino guinea pigs weighing 550-850gm and 9 human volunteers and the delayed erythema response was observed at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after irradiation respectively. Punch biopsies of the skin were performed on 6 guinea pigs at 6, 12, 24 a.nd 48 hours after irradiation and the histologic changes were observed. Four human volunters were exposed t,o 3 MED of sunlight and indomethacin preparations were applied immediately after irradiation. The delayed erythema response was observed at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours postirradiation and in one volunteer, the skin was biopsied at 24 hour for histologi.c evaluation. The results were as follows: 1. Topical indomethacin in ointment or solution forms delayed and decreased the appearance and degree of erythema induced by sunlight and artificial sunlamp in both human and animal subjects. 2. Histologically, the number of sunbum cells at 24 hour in the epidermis of one human volunteer was decreased on indomethacin applied sites. The dermis showe6 no difference in histologic changes between control and indomethacin sitea. In animal study, however, no detectable difference in epidermal or dermal changes was observed between control and indomethacin applied sites. The autors confirmed that topical indometha,cin was effective in delaying and blanching of the delayed erythema of sunbum in guinea pigs as well as in human volunteers, though there was no difference in histologic changes between indomethacin and control sites in guinea pigs. The mechanism involvel on this aspect is remained to be resolved.
Animals ; Biopsy ; Dermis ; Epidermis ; Erythema ; Guinea Pigs ; Healthy Volunteers ; Humans ; Indomethacin* ; Research Personnel ; Skin ; Sunburn* ; Sunlight ; Volunteers

PURPOSE:We performed this study to compare correlation between the indices of insulin resistance using fasting insulin and glucose level and body mass index (BMI), and to determine the clinical usefulness of glucose/insulin ratio (G/I ratio), which is easily available in clinical base. METHODS:Total 119 children with simple obesity, whose BMI is over 95th percentile, were evaluated. We calculated G/I ratio, logInsulin, HOMA-IR, logHOMA-IR, and QUICKI and evaluated their relationship to BMI. RESULTS:Children with high-degree obesity had higher insulin resistance than children with mild to moderate-degree obesity (logInsulin, 1.13+/-.23 vs 1.27+/-.29; logHOMA-IR, 0.46+/-.24 vs 0.61+/-.30; QUICKI, 0.33+/-.03, 0.31+/-.03)(P<0.01), and pubertal children had higher insulin resistance than prepubertal children (G/I ratio, 7.39+/-.07 vs 4.85+/-.29; logInsulin, 1.14+/-.27 vs 1.31+/-.22; logHOMA-IR, 0.47+/-.28 vs 0.65+/-.22; QUICKI, 0.33+/-.03 vs 0.31+/-.02) (P<0.001). BMI had correlation coefficient as -0.436 for QUICKI, -0.432 for G/I ratio, 0.430 for logInsulin, and 0.425 for logHOMA-IR (P=0.000). G/I ratio was well correlated with QUICKI (r=0.901, P=0.000), logHOMA-IR (r=-0.865, P=0.000), and logInsulin (r=0.899, P=0.000). The changes of BMI were correlated with changes of G/I ratio (r=-0.547, P<0.01), QUICKI (r=-0.464, P=0.01), and logHOMA-IR (r=0.429, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that the degree of BMI had statistically significant correlation with insulin resistance, which can be reflected by G/I ratio, logHOMA-IR and QUICKI. G/I ratio was well correlated with logHOMA-IR and QUICKI, which suggests that G/I ratio could be used as an bedside index of insulin resistance. The changes of G/I ratio were more correlated with changes of BMI than those of logHOMA-IR and QUICKI.
Body Mass Index ; Child* ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance* ; Insulin* ; Obesity*

To study the development of distraction at the fracture site according to inaccurate insertion of the distal screw in treatment of femoral shaft fracture with interlocking intramedullary nail, we prepared 24 femoral bone model, fixed them with interlocking intramedullary nails after artificially making transverse fracture or spiral fracture at mid 1/3 of femoral shaft and distal 1/3 of femoral shaft. The cephalocaudal insertion angles of the distal screws ranged from 5.2 to 45.4. As the insertion angles increased, the distances between the fractured sites ranged from 0.1 to 8.2mm. Distractions splited more than 5mm were seen in the average insertion angle of 34.3+/-9.4 (28.2 -45.4 ). When the insertion was made few millimeter proximal from the center of the distal screw hole, which was parallel to the transverse section of the femur model, fracture distraction ranged from minimum 1.8mm to maximum 5.0mm. In conclusion, the cephalocaudal insertion angle or location of the distal screw can be reason for the distraction between the fractured sites in internal fixation with intramedullary nail in long bone like femur. To prevent the distraction of fractured site, it is important to make the insertion of the distal screw parallel to the transverse section of the femur and to insert into the center of the screw hole.
Femur ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary*

Purpose: : Patients-clinician communications are not only about information, but also ethical themes. This is because, as medical care is directed at humans. Therefore, medical decisions must be made based on moral considerations. It goes beyond exchanging information and starts with meeting and communication with the interlocutor. In other word, in order to meet each other in existence, it is necessary to continue researching on the basic ideas that constitute ethical dialogue. Methods: : In this Study, there are many points that are not directly revealed in the superficial dialogue between patients and clinician, but there are various factors that lie underneath. The three ethical theories, natural law ethics, utilitarian ethics, and Kant’s ethics, that reveal the principles and actions of ethics under the external dialogue will be examined, focusing on the primary literature, which is important in each theory. Through this study, it es possible to examine in what aspects these ethical views reveal their principle and various ethical positions. Based on the analysis of each ethical theory, it is examined which direction of the three theories could contribute to high-quality communication between patients and clinician. Conclusion : As a common part of the three ethical theories, it can be seen that the principle of “being ethical” is being universally explored. In addition to the common parts, each ethical theory has its own explanation of the basis of ethics and each has its own direction. Based on three different ethical theories, we can examine the differences under the natural and the source of the differences by understanding the ethical theories that are under the ethical view that the other person accepts without question in the patients-clinician communications. And this can be used as a starting point for ethical dialogue to meet each other as a whole, as existence.