No abstract available.
Intussusception* ; Ultrasonography*

No abstract available.
Aspergillosis*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of method for prediction of rotationally neutral state of the femur by comparing with contra-lateral lesser trochanter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rotationally neutral state of the femur was measured by comparing the shape of the opposite side of the lesser trochanter in a normal group of 100 adult. Each examination was performed independently by three observers. The observers predicted a position presumed to be neutral by comparing the shape of lesser trochanter with that of contra-lateral side previously recorded by the C-arm image intensifier. We evaluated the mean angular discrepancy that is different from the neutral point and assessed the inter-observer variations. RESULTS: The mean angular discrepancy (SD) was 3.4 degree(+/-2.4); 3.5 degree(+/-2.4) by observer-1,3.5 degree (+/-2.8) by observer-2, 3.2 degree(+/-2.2) by observer-3. There was no inter-observer variation (p=0.87). 77% of all observers indicated below 4 degree and no one over 15 degree. CONCLUSIONS: The method of comparing the shape of both lesser trochanters is considered to be effective in determining the rotational status of the femur. It could be used as a practical method in the operation of the femoral fracture for prevention of rotational deformity intra-operatively
Adult ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Femoral Fractures ; Femur* ; Humans ; Observer Variation

No abstract available.
Lymphadenitis*

As a modality of effective treatment for trichiasis, authors performed experimental study of the radio frequency application(Mehl's method) to the cilia of four rabbit eyes with the different application times(10, 30, 60, 180 seconds). For the control, electrolysis to the cilia of the two eyes, and two eyes without any application were observed histopathologically. Regardless of the radio frequency application time, the radio frequency applied eyelids did not reveal any gross changes, and the selective degenerative changes(pyknotic, vacuolar, and karyorrhaxis) were observed microscopically in the hair regeneration part(internal root sheath of hair, hair matrix, and papillae of hair). In the electrolysed eyelids, gross scar and severe necrotic changes were appeared in microscopic findings. As a result of our observation, it is indicated that the application of radio frequency as a treatment for trichiasis, in compare with the electrolysis, revealed less destructive to the adjacent tissue, with more selective changes on the portion for hair regeneration.
Cicatrix ; Cilia* ; Electrolysis ; Eyelids ; Hair ; Regeneration ; Trichiasis

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of extensor tendon transfer that involves increased tensioning for delayed repair of ruptured finger extensor tendons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients (11 women and 7 men) with old ruptures of one or more finger extensors underwent tendon transfers was evaluated. Instead of the standard tensioning, the tensioning was performed with the thumb or finger in full extension and the wrist in the neutral position during the tendon transfers. RESULTS: The mean overall range of motion of the fingers improved from 115degrees preoperatively to 160degrees postoperatively. The mean extension lag improved from 47degrees preoperatively to 11degrees postoperatively. The mean fingertip to palm distance was 0.2 cm preoperatively to 0.6 cm postoperatively. The mean finger grip strength was 35 g preoperatively to 27 g postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Extensor tendon transfer with increased tensioning is a reliable alternative for the reconstruction of chronic ruptures of finger extensor mechanism.
Female ; Fingers ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Rupture ; Tendon Transfer ; Tendons ; Thumb ; Wrist

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of varying the time of Mitomycin-C (MMC) subconjunctival injection before, during and after operation. METHOD: We divided rabbits into 3 groups according to injection time. Subconjunctival injections of 0.01% MMC 0.05 ml were given to the preoperative group at 6, 12 and 24 hours before operation, and to the postoperative group at 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation. The control group was given the injections during operation. Bleb formation and histologic analyses were studied for 4 weeks after operation. RESULTS For gross findings, the blebs of the preoperative and control groups were seen on the fourth day and completely formed at one week after operation, and were larger than those of the postoperative group. On the other hand, the blebs of the postoperative group were seen to have poor formation, displaying hypervascularity on the fourth day and disappearing one week after operation. For histologic findings, the proliferation of collagen fibers and the undifferentiation of fibroblasts observed in the preoperative and control groups were almost identical. But, the proliferation of collagen fibers and well-differentiated fibroblasts were seen to increase in the postoperative group, so aqueous flow was obstructed at week 3. CONCLUSIONS: Subconjunctival injections within 24 hours before or during glaucoma filtration surgery were better for bleb formation and preservation than those administerd after surgery.
Blister ; Collagen ; Fibroblasts ; Filtering Surgery* ; Filtration* ; Glaucoma* ; Hand ; Mitomycin* ; Rabbits*

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of varying the time of Mitomycin-C (MMC) subconjunctival injection before, during and after operation. METHOD: We divided rabbits into 3 groups according to injection time. Subconjunctival injections of 0.01% MMC 0.05 ml were given to the preoperative group at 6, 12 and 24 hours before operation, and to the postoperative group at 6, 12 and 24 hours after operation. The control group was given the injections during operation. Bleb formation and histologic analyses were studied for 4 weeks after operation. RESULTS For gross findings, the blebs of the preoperative and control groups were seen on the fourth day and completely formed at one week after operation, and were larger than those of the postoperative group. On the other hand, the blebs of the postoperative group were seen to have poor formation, displaying hypervascularity on the fourth day and disappearing one week after operation. For histologic findings, the proliferation of collagen fibers and the undifferentiation of fibroblasts observed in the preoperative and control groups were almost identical. But, the proliferation of collagen fibers and well-differentiated fibroblasts were seen to increase in the postoperative group, so aqueous flow was obstructed at week 3. CONCLUSIONS: Subconjunctival injections within 24 hours before or during glaucoma filtration surgery were better for bleb formation and preservation than those administerd after surgery.
Blister ; Collagen ; Fibroblasts ; Filtering Surgery* ; Filtration* ; Glaucoma* ; Hand ; Mitomycin* ; Rabbits*

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical and radiological outcomes for the comminuted metadiaphyseal fractures of the proximal humerus treated with a separate minimally invasive approach deltopectoral approach for fracture fragment reduction and deltoid splitting approach for cephalo-diaphyseal plate fixation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen patients (6 men and 12 women), who underwent surgery between March 2007 and February 2011, were included. A deltopectoral approach was used to expose and reduce the fracture fragments and an additional deltoid splitting approach was used to expose the humeral head. A locking plate was inserted under the muscle window and a cephalo-diaphyseal fixation was performed. All patients were examined and interviewed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, Constant score and standardized X-rays to check the time to fracture healing, neck-shaft angle (NSA). RESULTS: All fractures were united, and mean healing time was 20 weeks. The average VAS score was 3.5 points (range, 0-5) and the average Constant score was 66.5 points (range, 30-90). Final functional outcomes were four cases of excellent, six cases of good, six cases of fair and two cases of poor. The average NSA was 127.5degrees (range, 100-140). CONCLUSION: A separate approach and cephalo-diaphyseal plate fixation in operative treatment of the metadiaphyseal fractures of the proximal humerus is an effective, reliable treatment option that could reduce the fracture fragments accurately, with less dissection of the soft tissue and lower the complications. A further study including many cases and longer follow-up will be needed to improve the quality of the study.
Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Healing ; Humans ; Humeral Head ; Humerus ; Male ; Muscles

BACKGROUND: This study examined the clinical outcomes of indirect reduction maneuver and minimally invasive approach for treating displaced proximal humerus fractures in patients older than 60. METHODS: Thirty-two patients (11 male and 21 female) who had undergone treatment for displaced proximal humerus fracture were evaluated. The mean age of the patients was 72.4 years (range, 60 to 92 years). All cases were followed up for at least 12 months. All patients were interviewed and evaluated on the visual analog scale, with gender-specific constant score correction for age, standardized X-rays to check the neck-shaft angle (NSA) and the presence of medial support, and bone mineral density. Statistical analysis was performed with a multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The average visual analog scale score was 2.4, and the average gender-specific constant score correction for age was 80.6 points. Final functional outcomes were 8 excellent, 15 good, 7 fair, and 2 poor. The average NSA was 122.8degrees; and the radiological results were 20 good, 11 fair, and 1 poor. There was significant difference of the gender-specific constant score for age between the group of NSA more than 110degrees and the group of NSA less than 110degrees (p = 0.00). There were 26 cases with and 6 cases without medial support, with significant difference between the gender-specific constant score correction for age of these groups (p = 0.01). Complications occurred in 4 patients (12.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The indirect reduction maneuver and minimally invasive approach were safe and reliable options for the treatment of displaced proximal humerus fractures in the elderly patients. An inadequate reduction (i.e., less than 110degrees NSA) or lack of medial support (e.g., no cortical or screw support) were significant factors contributing to poor functional outcomes.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Manipulation, Orthopedic ; Middle Aged ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder Fractures/*surgery/therapy ; Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive