PURPOSE: We intended to evaluate the results of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using Bone-achilles tendon-bone composite allograft by analyzing the results clinically and radiologically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 1996 to June 1999, we followed 23 patients who had arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using bone-achilles tendon-bone composite allograft for minimum 24 months, and measured laxity using KT-2000 arthrometer, Lysholm score and enlargement of tibial tunnel width on plain radiograph. RESULTS: In KT-2000 arthrometer test, there was only side-to-side differences of 1.67 +/-0.7 mm between the involved and contralateral limb. Lysholm score was 61.7 +/-10.2 preoperatively and 89.3 +/-5.1 at the last follow up. And there was no tibial tunnel enlargement more than 5 mm at the last follow up. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using bone-achilles tendon-bone composite allograft has advantage of preservation of anatomic structure and secure bone-to-bone fixation like the bone-patel-lar tendon-bone graft that bone-achilles tendon-bone composite allograft is a reasonable choice in ACL reconstruction.
Allografts* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction* ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament* ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Transplants

From May to June 2012, a waterborne outbreak of 124 cases of cryptosporidiosis occurred in the plumbing systems of an older high-rise apartment complex in Seoul, Republic of Korea. The residents of this apartment complex had symptoms of watery diarrhea and vomiting. Tap water samples in the apartment complex and its adjacent buildings were collected and tested for 57 parameters under the Korean Drinking Water Standards and for additional 11 microbiological parameters. The microbiological parameters included total colony counts, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus, fecal streptococcus, Salmonella, Shigella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cryptosporidium oocysts, Giardia cysts, total culturable viruses, and Norovirus. While the tap water samples of the adjacent buildings complied with the Korean Drinking Water Standards for all parameters, fecal bacteria and Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in the tap water samples of the outbreak apartment complex. It turned out that the agent of the disease was Cryptosporidium parvum. The drinking water was polluted with sewage from a septic tank in the apartment complex. To remove C. parvum oocysts, we conducted physical processes of cleaning the water storage tanks, flushing the indoor pipes, and replacing old pipes with new ones. Finally we restored the clean drinking water to the apartment complex after identification of no oocysts.
Cryptosporidiosis/*epidemiology/*parasitology ; Cryptosporidium parvum/genetics/growth & development/*isolation & purification ; Disease Outbreaks ; Drinking Water/*parasitology ; Housing ; Humans ; Oocysts/growth & development ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Water Supply/analysis