A study was carried out to evaluate the house rats in southern Korea as reservoir host of intestinal trematodes, in 13 different areas: 7 in inland and 6 in brackish-water zones, during the period from August 1980 to August 1981. A total of 170 house rats was captured; 101 rats from inland and 69 from brackish-water zones. They consisted of 129 Rattus norvegicus, 22 R. rattus rufescens, and 19 unidentified. The infection status of the rats were as follows: Total 29 rats (17.1%) were infected by one or more kinds of intestinal trematodes; 27 from inland and 2 from brackish-water zones by areas. Rats in inland were more heavily infected. The intestinal trematodes collected from rats were identified as Echinostoma hortense, E. cinetorchis, Plagiorchis muris, Fibricola seoulensis, Clonorchis sinensis and Metagonimus yokogawai. As a reservoir host, the rats were very important in Echinostoma hortense and E. cinetorchis infection. Rats infected with these trematodes were found widely in southern Korea, and its infection rates were the highest among the discriminated flukes. In this study, no rats were found to be infected with Heterophyes and Pygidiopsis even in endemic areas. The negligible importance of rats as reservoir host of these heterophyid should be reevaluated in the future.
parasitology-helminth-trematoda ; rat- Rattus norvegicus-Rattus rattus rufescens ; zoonosis ; epidemiology ; Echinostoma hortense ; Echinostoma cinetorchis ; Plagiorchis muris ; Fibricola seoulensis ; Clonorchis sinensis ; intestine ; Metagonimus yokogawai

The reservoir hosts of Thelazia callipaeda were examined. The eyes of the 76 dogs raised at farm, 78 military dogs (shepherds), 96 cattle, and 105 pigs were investigated for the presence of eyeworm. Among them, six worms of T. callipaeda were collected from two dogs raised at farm (2.7%), and 188 worms from 26 shepherds (33.5%). No worms were recovered from the cattle or pigs. These results suggest that the dogs, especially the military dogs are serving as a reservoir host of T. callipaeda. in Korea.
Animals ; Cattle ; Disease Reservoirs/*veterinary ; Dog Diseases/epidemiology/*parasitology ; Dogs ; Eye/parasitology ; Female ; *Host-Parasite Interactions ; Korea/epidemiology ; Male ; Prevalence ; Spirurida Infections/epidemiology/parasitology/*veterinary ; Swine ; Thelazioidea/*isolation & purification

PURPOSE: To evaluate effectiveness of oblique approach under biplane fluoroscopic guidance in transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fourteen consecutive patients underwent transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy for subcarinal lesions. Subcarina was the only accessible biopsy site in 13 patients. Subcarinal biopsy was performed to determine the presence of metastasis in an enlarged subcarinal lymph node in the remaining one patient. Before biopsy, we evaluated the size and location of the lesion on preliminary plain chest X-ray film and CT scan. Under dual projection fluoroscopic guidence, biopsy was performed through right posterior intercostal space with the patient prone by using oblique approach. On 15 degree LAO projection the needle was directed to the area anterior to the spine and advanced to the line extending through the posterior wall of the main bronchus. RESULTS: Cytologic diagnosis was made in 12 out of 14 patients(accuracy 85.7%). The final diagnosis consisted of 5 squamous cell carcinoma, 5 small cell carcinoma, 1 adenocarcinoma and 1 adenosquamous carcinoma. Pneumothorax developed in 2 patients(14%) and was managed by chest tube drainage. Mild hemoptysis was observed in 2. CONCLUSION: Transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy using oblique approach under biplane fluoroscopic guidance is a relatively safe and sensitive method for the histologic diagnosis of subcarinal lesion.
Adenocarcinoma ; Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Bronchi ; Carcinoma, Adenosquamous ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Chest Tubes ; Diagnosis ; Drainage ; Hemoptysis ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Needles ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pneumothorax ; Spine ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; X-Ray Film

In this paper, acknowledgments section was omitted unintentionally.

Researchers have an ethical responsibility to report the results of research involving human subjects. Dissemination of results ensures that patient care is based on good science and that the field of medicine advances based on complete and accurate knowledge. However, current evidence suggests that publication is often neglected or substantially delayed, especially in the case of negative and inconclusive results. Researchers, editors and reviewers should value all high-quality research regardless of the conclusiveness of the results and ensure that all research involving human subjects is registered in a publicly accessible database.
Clinical Trials as Topic/*ethics ; *Ethics, Research ; Human Experimentation/*ethics ; Publishing/*ethics ; Republic of Korea ; *Research Report ; Research Subjects

BACKGROUND: Unexpected deaths of the patients at ED are surprising to the medical staffs as well as the families. It may also increase the possibilities of medico-legal problems. This study was conducted to review the unexpected death in ED and find the predictive factors leading patients to unexpected death. METHODS: A retrospective study with reviewing available medical records of 183 patients who were expired at ED of Shinchon Severance Hospital from Mar. 1997 to Feb. 1998 and 103 patients of Youngdong Severance Hospital from Mar. 1996 to Feb. 1998 was done. Analyses were 4one on 30 variables of physical findings, laboratory results, procedures and therapies. We used univariate analysis, such as t-test and x2-test and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Of the total 286 deaths in ED, 153 cases were enrolled in this analysis. The number of unexpected deaths were 76. Age, mental status, fraction of neutrophil count, BUN level, whether endotracheal incubation was done, use of inotropics were the factors with statistical ,significance on the univariate analysis, but only comatose mentality, endotracheal incubated case, and use of the inotropics were significant on logistic regression analysis. The longer the ED length of stay, the higher the rate of mortality and unexpected death. CONCLUSION: This result suggest that medical attention is needed on the patients with comatose decreased mental stylus, endotracheally intubated case and needing inotropic agents to prevent unexpected deaths. Shortening the ED length of stay may also be a factor for decrease the unexpected death rate.
Coma ; Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Logistic Models ; Medical Records ; Medical Staff ; Mortality ; Neutrophils ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Female ; Granulosa Cells* ; Interferon-alpha* ; Rodentia*

PURPOSE: We applied lateral lithotomy position to the severe ureteral stricture cases supposed to fail with only retrograde approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From October 1997 to April 1999, 13 patients with severe ureteral stricture (lenghth>2cm or complete obstruction) supposed to fail with only retrograde approach and one patient with study. The causes of ureteral strictures were pelvic malignancy in 5, tuberculosis in 4, trauma in 2 and others in 2. The patient's ipsilateral shoulder was rotated and fixed like lateral position. And ipsilateral pelvis was elevated with sandbag or pad and rotated about 45 degrees, too. The retrograde approach was tried at first, if fail, antegrade approach was combined. RESULTS: We could insert ureteral stent via retrograde approach only in 3 patients and we needed aid of antegrade approach for passage through ureteral stricture in the other 11 patients (79%). Percutaneous antegrade approaches were combined in those 11 patients and we could pass the guide wire and indwell the stent in 10 of 11 patients (91%) using this position. CONCLUSIONS: The lateral lithotomy position was very helpful to the simultaneous retrograde and antegrade approach in severe fibrotic or malignant ureteral strictures.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Humans ; Pelvis ; Shoulder ; Stents ; Tuberculosis ; Ureter*

No abstract available.
Mass Screening* ; Prospective Studies*

With improvement of anterior fixation devices, anterior instrumentation-fusion in treatment of thoracolumbar fracture becomes as effective as posterior interbody fusion which has mainly been used up to now. Also, computerized tomography enables us to diagnose the spinal fracture accurately including retropulsive bony fragment and degree of narrowing of spinal canal. We analyzed 18 cases which were treated with anterior interbody fixation in thoracolumbar fracture from Mar. 1977 to Oct. 1986 in Orthopaedic dept. of National Medical Center. The results were as follows ; 1. The mechanism of injury involved falling down in 7 cases, traffic accident 5 cases, and miner injury in 4 cases. 2. The clsssification of fracture by Denis method was compression fracture in 4 cases, bursting fracture in 11 cases, Seat-belt injury in 1 case, Fx-dislocation in 2 cases. 3. The methods of internal fixation were iliac bone graft only in 8 cases, anterior Harrington rod in 2 cases, Webb implant in 6 cases, and Zielke rod in 2 cases. 4. The average preoperative kyphotic angulation was 19.5(range 10 to 22) and immediate postoperative angulation was 10.1(range 2–16). The correction rate was 48%, and the loss of correction was 2.8(range 2–13). The final correction rate was 38.1% with implants, 29.1% without implants. 5. Early operation can get better neurologic recovery. 6. Firm and stsble fixation device is needed.
Accidental Falls ; Accidents, Traffic ; Fractures, Compression ; Methods ; Miners ; Spinal Canal ; Spinal Fractures ; Transplants