No abstract available.
Humans

The bradycardiac and presor to intravenous and intraventricular methoxamine were examined in urethane-anesthetized rabbits 1) Intravenous methoxamine produced bradycardiac pressor responses. Atropine (2 mg/kg, i,v.) weakened but not abloished the bradycardiac effect. 2) The bradycardiac effect elicited by intravenous methoxamine was not affected by int-ravenous prazosin, rehimbiine, guanethidine and propranolol, butt was attenuated by intra venous chlorisondamine reserpine. 3) The pressor effect elioited by intravenous methoxamine was weakened by prazosin, but was scarcely affected, rather potentiated, by intraTenous yohimblne, guanethidine, chlorisondamine, propranolol and resperpine. 4) Intraventricular methoxamine produced pressor and bradycardiac responses. 5) The bradycardiac effect elicited by intraventricular methoxamine was net affected by intravenous atropine, prasosin and yohimbine. This was attenuated by intravenous guane- thidine, chlorisondamine, propranolol and reserpine, and by intraventricular atropine prazosin and propranolol, respectively. 6) The pressor effect elicited by intraventricular methoxamine was attenuated by intra- ventricular and intravenous prazosin. This was not affected by intravenous atropine, gua-nethidine, chlorisondamine, propranolol, reserpine and yohimbine, and by intraventricular atropine, prasosin and Propranolol, respectivelr. 7) From these results it was inferred that bradycardiac effect elicited by methoxamine was not an action through the mediation of aleph 1-adrenoceptors but was a result from non-specific actions on some brain receptors.
Atropine ; Brain ; Chlorisondamine ; Guanethidine ; Methoxamine* ; Negotiating ; Prazosin ; Propranolol ; Rabbits* ; Reserpine ; Yohimbine

Two patients with respiratory paralysis by cervical(C) injury were treated by sequential four-pole stimulation of the phrenic nerves to pace the diaphragm. With sequential four-pole nerve stimulator, full-time bilateral electroventi-lation were achieved and the conditioning of the diaphragm have been performed in 72 hours. According to other papers using unipolar or bipolar electrode, conditioning of the hypotrophic diaphragm took 2 to 1l months, and full-time electroventilation was possible in only about half of the patients, so part-time mechanical ventilation was needed in remained half of the patients. These results suggest that the conditioning time in patients with high quadriplegia could be significantly shortened and it should be possible to achieved independence from the mechani-cal ventilator when sequential four-pole stimulator was used.
Diaphragm* ; Electrodes* ; Humans ; Phrenic Nerve* ; Quadriplegia* ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Paralysis ; Ventilators, Mechanical

Randomly selected 193 patients who received elective operation under general anesthesia and were able to communicate with anesthesiologists and follow up for 5 days between May and September 1994 at Chonnam University Hospital, were interviewed and evaluated on the night before, 2 and 5 days after their operation. Distribution of physieal status by ASA was that more than half the total patients belongs to class I and 36.8% of patients were under class II. Sedation scores did not chang between on the night before and the day of operation. A significant correlation existed among the visibility of pharyngeal structures, the exposure of glottis by laryngoscopy, and the degree of difficulty with intubation. About 83% of patients was readily intubated, and none of patient was impossible to intubate. All of the patients lost consciousness during induction of anesthesia, and did not recall during operation. Postanesthetic complications were sore throat(30%), nausea and vomiting(28%), lumbago(15%), urticaria(3%), and dizziness(3%).
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Consciousness ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glottis ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Intraoperative Awareness* ; Intubation* ; Jeollanam-do ; Laryngoscopy ; Nausea

PURPOSE: We studied to determine whether the degenerative spondylolisthesis has rotary deformity in addition to forward displacement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have made an analysis of difference of rotary deformity between the 31 study groups of symptomatic degenerative spondylolisthesis and 31 control groups without any symptom,statistically. We also reviewed CT findings in 15 study groups. RESULTS: The mean rotary deformity in study groups was 6.1 degree(the standard deviation is 5.20), and the mean rotary deformity in control groups was 2.52 degree(the standard deviation is 2.16)(p <0.01) CONCLUSION: The rotary deformity can be accompanied with degenerative spondylolisthesis. We may consider the rotary deformity as a cause of symptomatic degenerative spondylolisthesis in case that any other cause is not detected.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Spondylolisthesis*

BACKGROUND: The level of physical adaptation through active lifestyle can result in changes in appetite; and caused by physical activity and exercise, physical adaptation may change carbohydrate and fat metabolism during exercise. This study investigated the differences in carbohydrate and fat metabolism after moderate treadmill running and the difference in appetite response before and after exercise in active, regularly exercising individuals and those inactive. METHODS: We analyzed the effects of moderate physical activity (70% of oxygen uptake reserve, 30 minutes on the treadmill) on free fatty acids, glucose, growth hormone, insulin and an appetite visual analogue scale (VAS). Our subjects included 28 healthy males who were divided into two groups, the activity group (n=14) and the inactivity group (n=14) according to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The serum samples and VAS were collected at pre, post and 30 min post-exercise. RESULTS: The results of the serum analysis showed no significant effects on free fatty acids, glucose, growth hormone and insulin between the groups, but showed significant changes in free fatty acids and growth hormone between points of measurement. Significant increases in VAS were seen with moderate exercise in both groups, with the inactivity group expressing greater hunger than the activity group. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that inactive persons were hungrier than active persons after moderate exercise. This information might be useful to staff and participants of weight loss programs.
Appetite ; Energy Metabolism ; Exercise ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; Glucose ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Hunger ; Insulin ; Life Style ; Male ; Motor Activity ; Oxygen ; Running ; Weight Reduction Programs ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the deproteinated bovine bone powder (DBBP) coated with calcium phosphate (Ca-P) on osseous regeneration in the calvarial bone defect of rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The DBBP (Control group, n=6) and the Ca-P coated DBBP (Experimental group, n=6) were grafted in the critical sized calvarial bone defect (8 mm) of rat weighing 250 g. The animals were sacrificed at 1, 4 week. The biopsy specimens were decalcified with 5% formaldehyde and embedded in paraffin. The rats were sacrificed at 8 week received tetracycline (1 week), calcein blue (4 week), and alizarin red (7 week), and the biopsy specimens were taken. The specimens were embedded in methylmethacrylate and ground to 10 micrometer thin sections were made. All of the specimens were stained with H & E and Masson's trichrome and examined under light microscope. The specimens at 8 week were examined under fluorescent microscope. RESULTS: In the Control group, the grafted DBBP was surrounded with connective tissue, and osteoblasts were observed partially around the grafted particles at 1 week. At 4 week, some osteoid was observed and, new bone formation was observed at the periphery of grafted materials at 8 week, In the Experimental group, some osteoid was seen at the periphery of the grafted Ca-P coated DBBP at 1 week, and osteoblast and newly formed bone were observed around the grafted materials. At 8 week, newly formed bone was observed at the periphery of the grafted materials. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Ca-P coated DBBP group was more and faster than DBBP group in new bone formation and Ca-P could contribute to enhance bone formation in the critical sized calvarial bone defect of rat.
Animals ; Biopsy ; Calcium ; Connective Tissue ; Formaldehyde ; Methylmethacrylate ; Osteoblasts ; Osteogenesis ; Paraffin ; Rats* ; Regeneration* ; Tetracycline ; Transplants

OBJECTIVES: Changes in lung function are frequently used as biological markers to assess the health effects of criteria air pollutants. We tried to formulate the prediction models of pulmonary functions based on height, weight, age and gender, especially for children aged 12 years who are commonly selected for the study of health effects of the air pollution. METHODS: The target pulmonary function parameters were forced vital capacity(FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1). Two hundreds and fifity-eight male and 301 female 12-year old children were included in the analysis after excluding unsatisfactory tests to the criteria recommended by American Thoracic Sosiety and excluding more or less than 20% predicted value by previous prediction equations. The weight prediction equation using height as a independent variable was calculated, and then the difference of observed weight and predicted weight (i.e. residual) was used as the independent variable of pulmonary function prediction equations with height. RESULTS: The prediction equations of FVC and FEV1 for male are FVC(ml) = 50.84 x height(cm) + 7.06 x weight residual - 4838.86, FEV1(ml) = 43.57 x height(cm) + 3.16 x weight residual - 4156.66, respectively. The prediction equations of FVC and FEV1 for female are FVC(ml) = 42.57 x height(cm) + 12.50 x weight residual - 3862.39, FEV1(ml) = 36.29 x height(cm) + 7.74 x weight residual - 3200.94, respectively.
Air Pollutants ; Air Pollution ; Biomarkers ; Child* ; Female ; Forced Expiratory Volume ; Humans ; Lung ; Male

It is well known that small dose of belladonna alkaloid(atropine, scopolarnine) has the effect of decreasing the heart rate in normal conscious subjects, but the mechanism involved in it remains still unanswered. Based on various lines of evidence, the most likely mechanism seems to be the blockade of sympathetic ganglion caused by the alkaloids and it is possible that the effect on the slower heart rate may differ in the depressed state of the sympathetic ganglion when under halothane anesthesia. The present study was undertaken, therefore, on comatose patients and halothane anesthetized patients with and without atropine premedication about 1 hour before anesthesia to observe the effect of a small dose of scopolamine(0.1 mg) which affects the heart rate more significantly than atropine in conscious subjects. The results were as follows: 1) In the comatose patients, scopolamine(0.1 mg) produced a significant decrease in heart rate. 2) During halothane anesthesia without atropine premedication, scopolamine produced a slight decrease in heart rate. 3) During halothane anesthesia with atropine premedication, scopolamine produced a significant increase in the heart rate. These results indicate that scopolamine can further affect the sympathetic ganglion already depressed by halothane, and it is suggested that scopolamine is more effective in blocking the sympathetic ganglion than halothane.
Alkaloids ; Anesthesia ; Atropa belladonna ; Atropine ; Coma ; Ganglia, Sympathetic ; Halothane* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Premedication ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide*

Ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, produces an increase in heart rate and blood pressure, but the precise mechanism of the cardiovascular stimulating affects of ketamine is not understood clearly. Clonidine, an antihypertensive agent, is an alpha-2 agonist that appears to act primarily on the CNS, where it apparently produces a decrease in the sympathetic outflow from the brain. Prazosin is antihypertensive agent that appears to evert its vasodilator action through the blockade of postsynaptic alpha-1 receptors. In order to investigate the effects of clonidine and prazosin on the heart rate and blood pressure increased by ketamine, ketamine was administered intravenously following administration of clonidine or prazosin in conscious patients. The results were as follows : 1) Intravenous ketamine (2 mg/kg) produced significant increases in heart rate and blood pressure by as much as 25%. 2) Intravenous clonidine (1.25 ug/kg) produced a decrease in the heart rate by 5 beats per minute and decreased blood pressure significantly. 3) In the clonidine pretreated group (1.25 ug/kg, lV), intravenous ketamine (2 mg/kg/kg, lV) produced significant increases in the heart rate and blood pressure without attenuation with clonidine 4) In the prasosin pretreated group (2 mg/kg~70 kg, PO), ketamine (2 mg/kg, lV) produced increases the in heart rate and blood pressure without attenuation with prasosin. From the above results, it was inferred that the action site of the cardiovascular stimulating effect of ketamine isn't a postsynaptic alpha-1 receptor and is different from the action site of clonidine.
Blood Pressure* ; Brain ; Clonidine* ; Heart Rate* ; Heart* ; Humans ; Ketamine* ; Prazosin*