PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of forced air warming on intraoperative and postoperative body temperature, postoperative shivering and pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design with nonequivalent control group was utilized. Fifty eight patients scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were recruited and assigned to the experimental group (n=29) or control group (n=29). For the experimental group, forced air warming was applied from right after induction and up to one hour after surgery. Body temperature, shivering score and pain score were measured in both groups at 15 minute intervals. Data were collected from September, 2013 to April, 2014. Data were analyzed using t-test, Bonferroni test and repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: The experimental group showed higher body temperature than the control group during surgery. After surgery the experimental group showed higher body temperature, lower shivering and less pain compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Results show that forced air warming is effective in enhancing body temperature and reducing shivering and pain. Therefore, forced air warming is recommended as an operative nursing intervention.
Body Temperature* ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic* ; Humans ; Nursing ; Shivering*

No abstract available.
Echocardiography, Doppler*

In evaluating the esophago-gastric junction, many difficulties are well known in a single contrast study, andit may often be resolved with double contrast technique. By double contrast technique, the special en face viewfor the esophago-gastric junction was obtained in 298 cases at Inje Medical College Paik Hospital from Jan. 1981 to June 1981. Five basic patterns were recognized and classifed from type I to V. Their incidences were obtained.-type I ; 18%, type II; 50%, type III; 23% type IV ; 7%, type V; 2%. The most common position of patients is left lateral, and zero degree is the most common at elevation of fluoroscopic table. Type III is the most common typeof the esophage-gastric junction in inspiration, and type I expiration. Any significant deviations from thesenormal geometry of the esophago-gastric junction as displayed by double contrast study, indicate an abnormality.More special attentions are required to evaluate a minute pathologic condition of the esophago-gastric junction.
Attention ; Humans ; Incidence

Polycystic ovary disease is a heterogenous endocrinopathy with many interacting causal factors. One potential such factor is chronic hyperinsulinemia. multiple, independent lines of evidence suppart the contention that chronic hyperinsulinemia causes ovarian hyperandragenism. This evidence includes: (1) mutations in the insulin receptor gene that cause severe hyperinsulinemia appear to be associated with ovarian hyperandrogenism, (2) insulin stimulates ovarian thecal and sttomal androgen seaetion in vitro, and (3) in some experimental models, manipulation of circulating insulin concentrations results in changes in circulating androgens. Although the association between hyperinsulinemia and hyperandrogenism remains to be fully explained at the molecular level, chronic hyperinsulinemia appears to be an important cause of hyperandrogenism. We have experienced a case of HAIR AN syndrome showing hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans in infertile patient. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Acanthosis Nigricans ; Androgens ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; Hair* ; Humans ; Hyperandrogenism ; Hyperinsulinism ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Models, Theoretical ; Ovary ; Receptor, Insulin

Prenature ovarian failure is a condition causing amenarrhea, hypoestrogenism, and elevated genadotropins in women younger than 40 years. A karyotype should be performed as part of basic laboratory evaluation for all patients with premature ovarian failure and prodromal premature ovarian failure. Development of a malignancy in a dysgenetic gonad is of major concern. The presence of a fragment of the Y chromosome is thought to be a key to the oncogenic potential of these gonads. The search for the testicular determining factor(TDF) has engendered much confusion about which part of the Y chromosome plays a role in malignancy. This was initially postulated to be the H- Y antigen. More recent data, however, localize the area near the centromere of the Y Chromosome, on the long arm(Yq). Malignant potential is clearly not linked to the testicular determining factor itself(SRY). This is a critical point in clinical medicine. Feilure to display SRY or a closely related sequence does not rule out the presence of the segment of the Y chromosome postulated to be associated with the development of malignancies. We have experienced a case of premature ovarian failure with chtomosomal abnormality involving Y chromosome fragment. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Centromere ; Clinical Medicine ; Female ; Gonadal Dysgenesis* ; Gonads* ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Primary Ovarian Insufficiency* ; Y Chromosome

Purpose: The life satisfaction of Korean adolescents tends to decrease beginning in middle school, and this decrease has a negative effect on life satisfaction in adulthood. Gender and perceptions of parental neglect are important variables influencing the life satisfaction of adolescents in Korea. This study examined the longitudinal mediating effects of perceived parental neglect on the life satisfaction of male and female Korean adolescents to assess changes to the relationships between key variables over time. Methods: The present study analyzed data from 2,215 adolescents from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey's fourth-year elementary school panel spanning their first year of middle school (2013) to the first year of high school (2016). A latent growth model was applied to Korean national data. Results: The perceived parental neglect and life satisfaction intercepts differed by gender, and the intercept of perceived parental neglect influenced the life satisfaction intercept. The slope of perceived parental neglect, but not the life satisfaction slope, differed by gender, and the slope of perceived parental neglect influenced the life satisfaction slope. The Sobel method showed that the intercept of perceived parental neglect mediated gender differences in the life satisfaction intercept, and the slope of perceived parental neglect significantly influenced the gender difference in the life satisfaction slope. Conclusion Efforts to improve adolescent life satisfaction should be differentiated by gender regarding perceptions of parental neglect.

Purpose: The life satisfaction of Korean adolescents tends to decrease beginning in middle school, and this decrease has a negative effect on life satisfaction in adulthood. Gender and perceptions of parental neglect are important variables influencing the life satisfaction of adolescents in Korea. This study examined the longitudinal mediating effects of perceived parental neglect on the life satisfaction of male and female Korean adolescents to assess changes to the relationships between key variables over time. Methods: The present study analyzed data from 2,215 adolescents from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey's fourth-year elementary school panel spanning their first year of middle school (2013) to the first year of high school (2016). A latent growth model was applied to Korean national data. Results: The perceived parental neglect and life satisfaction intercepts differed by gender, and the intercept of perceived parental neglect influenced the life satisfaction intercept. The slope of perceived parental neglect, but not the life satisfaction slope, differed by gender, and the slope of perceived parental neglect influenced the life satisfaction slope. The Sobel method showed that the intercept of perceived parental neglect mediated gender differences in the life satisfaction intercept, and the slope of perceived parental neglect significantly influenced the gender difference in the life satisfaction slope. Conclusion Efforts to improve adolescent life satisfaction should be differentiated by gender regarding perceptions of parental neglect.

No abstract available.
Preimplantation Diagnosis*

Aneuploidy results from nondisjunction in either the meiotic division of the parents or the early cleavage divisions of the affected individuals. The sex chromosomes show a wide range of viable aneuploidy than do the autosomes. The incidence of 47,XXY and 47,XYY children increases with maternal age, as does that of autosomal trisomies, whereas the incidence of 45,X children does not increase with maternal age. In the group of sex chromosome aueuploidies, the 47,XXY and 47,XYY conditions occur with nearly equal hequency at birth. Translocations between X or Y chromosomes and an autosome or between an X chromosome and the Y chromosome cause sterility in human males. It has been assumed that a translocation involving either(or both) of the sex chromosomes would interfere with inactivation of the XY bivalent and thaeby disturb spermatogenesis. We bave experienced a case of Y-autosome translocation in azoospermic patient. So we report this case with a brief review of literatures.
Aneuploidy ; Azoospermia* ; Child ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infertility ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Parents ; Parturition ; Sex Chromosomes ; Spermatogenesis ; Trisomy ; X Chromosome ; Y Chromosome

OBJECTIVE: To report the pedigree of Kallmann syndrome inherited in autosomal dominant mode with variable expressivity. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: The patient had amenorrhea and anosmia but did not have a sign of absolute hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Her father had an anosmia and her two elderly sisters also had an anosmia but delivered babies uneventfully. Her two male siblings did not show any signs of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. CONCLUSION: Kallmann syndrome has many different modes of inheritance such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked form. So the careful investigation of family pedigree is required.
Aged ; Amenorrhea ; Fathers ; Female ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Kallmann Syndrome* ; Male ; Olfaction Disorders ; Pedigree ; Siblings ; Wills