No abstract available.
Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms*

coxon test. All the values of experimental groups are significantly lower than those of control, and the vaules among the experimental groups significantly differ from each other. Alkaline phosphatase level was identical order with the viable cell rate. SEM examination revealed that the PDL fibroblasts adherent on culture dish (control) and group A were spindle-shaped, but on group B and C, the cells were round-shaped without processes.
Alkaline Phosphatase ; Collagen* ; Fibroblasts* ; Humans* ; Membranes*

Cells, Cultured ; Cholera Toxin ; Culture Media ; Cytoplasm ; Desmosomes ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Epidermal Growth Factor ; Gingiva ; Humans ; Keratinocytes ; Organelles ; Surgery, Oral ; Transferrin ; Transplants ; Vestibuloplasty

This study was carried out to determine the seropositivity for Orientia tsutsugamushi infection among wild rodents captured in farms and mountains of Korea. A total 965 wild rodents of 7 species and 48 Crocidura laciura were captured in farms and mountains of 6 province during 1997~2000 in Korea. Serological evidence for O. tsutsugamushi infection was obtained using O. tsutsugamushi antigens by indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique (IFA). Four hundred eighty four Apodemus agrariusus, 246 Apodemus peninsulae, 179 Eothenomys regulus, 44 Microtus fortis, 6 Micromys minutus, 5 Mus musculus, and 1 Cricetula triton were captured in Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungnam, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, and Jeonbuk province. Among them, 59 (12.2%) A. agrariusus, 22 (8.9%) A. peninsulae, 12 (6.7%) E. regulus, 5 (11.4%) M. fortis and 1 (16.7%) M. minutus were IF antibody positive against O. tsutsugamushi Gilliam or Karp strain.
Animals ; Arvicolinae ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Gangwon-do ; Gyeonggi-do ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Jeollabuk-do ; Korea* ; Mice ; Murinae ; Neptune ; Orientia tsutsugamushi* ; Rodentia*

The region segmentation of the pap-smear image is known to be a difficult and important part in the automatic image recognition system. Both the pixel based methods(thresholding) and the region based methods(split and merge, region growing and edge detection) are widely used for segmentation of the nucleus, cytoplasm and background in the pap-smear images. The pixel based methods are relatively fast, but not accurate, while the region based methods are accurate, but slow. This paper proposes a multistage segmentation strategy which uses thresholding and incremental color clustering methods to reduce computation time while not sacrificing accuracy. Proposed method consists of three stages. The first stage uses global thresholding method to search nucleus blob position, and the second stage employs incremental color clustering with color information. The final stage segments unsuitable nuclei using thresholding method after calculating suitability for each extracted nucleus blob. The proposed segmentation method is tested under various error measures. The experimental results showed that each stage of the proposed method reduced specific error measures: The second stage reduced false negative error and the third stage false positive error.
Cytoplasm

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to suggest direction and strategy of safety education proper to elementary school children. METHOD: The subject of this survey consisted of 313 3rd-5th grade from 4 elementary schools in Kyungi-Do and Kwangwon-Do. Data were collected from March to May, 2002 using a questionnaire about "safety education needs", "knowledge about injury prevention", "attitude about injury prevention. RESULT: 1. The degree of safety education needs showed averaged 77.50 on the basis of 100 points. 2. The degree of knowledge and attitude about injury prevention showed averaged 72.81 and 81.74 seperately on the basis of 100 points. 3. With the respect to the demographic characteristics, there were stastically significant differences in safety education need according to children's grade(F=8.692, p=.003), sex(t=-2.059, p=.040), family type(t=-2.229, p=.027) and in knowledge & attitude about injury prevention, there statiscally significant difference according to experience of injury prevention education(t=3.058, p=.003; t=5.308, p=.000) each. 4. The level of safety education needs is correlated at signficant level with knowledge and attitude about injury prevention of childrens(r=.166, p=.048; r=.265, p=.001) and between knowledge and attitude about injury prevention, there was significant correlation (r=.427, p=.000). CONCLUSION: From this results, nurses can plan safety education program appropriate to children's needs, level of knowledge and attitude about injury prevention.
Child* ; Education* ; Gangwon-do ; Humans ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study was done to provide basic data for education of elementary school students on life-respect and peer bullying prevention. METHODS: Participants were 5th and 6th grade elementary school students. Data from the questionnaires of 218 participants were analyzed. RESULTS: 1) The mean score for degree of life-respect was 4.23 (+/-0.38). The types of peer bullying were 'defenders of victims' (3.19+/-0.93), 'bullies' (2.04+/-0.72), 'victims' (1.91+/-0.84), 'bystanders' (1.79+/-0.80), and 'bully-followers' (1.66+/-0.60). 2) There was a significant difference in the degree of life-respect according to gender (t=-2.410, p=.017). Likewise, in the degree of peer bullying, among the type of 'bullies' there were significant differences according to grade (t=-2.285, p=.004), and gender (t=3.191, p=.002). Also, among the types of 'bully-followers' there were significant differences according to gender (t=2.053, p=.041), and having a religion or not (t=3.319, p=.001). 3) There was a significant correlation between life-respect and types of peer bullying. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide helps for more effective provision of educational programs regarding life-respect and peer bullying.
Bullying* ; Child ; Education ; Humans ; Peer Group ; Value of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

This study was aimed at primarily to develop a tool to evaluate sexuality education and secondarily to test effectiveness through application of developed evaluation tools in elementary school. The results from this study were summarized below: 1. On the basis of targeting the lower grades (1st- 3th year) and the higher grades (4th-6th year) elementary school students' sexuality education guidebooks published by Korea Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development, 71 preliminary items targeting the lower grades, 90 preliminary items targeting the higher grades were developed. 2. Through the validity test about the contents of the preliminary items three times, the items were regulated to 65 items targeting the lower grads and 57 items targeting the higher grades. And then, the preliminary items were re-regulated to 40 items separately. Then, pre-test which targeting each 30 students was enforced. 3.Finally, the evaluation tools for sexuality education that consisted of 40 items targeting the lower grades and the higher grades were developed. 4.Reliability test of the developed tools, sexuality education evaluation tools showed alpha coefficient of internal consistency were 0.8355 (for the use of the lower grades) and 0.8881 (for the use of the higher grades). 5.To apply the developed sexuality education evaluation tools, 10-times sexuality education were carried out class unit and pre-post test were done using same questionnaire, which contains developed tool, there were significant difference in low grade (t=16.548, p=0.000), high grade (t=14.773, p=0.000). The results of this study suggest that the evaluation tool for sexuality education in elementary school may be a useful tool with a high degree of reliability and validity. In this sense, the evaluation tool for sexuality education developed by this study can be effectively utilized in Korea elementary schools.
Education* ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Humans ; Korea ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sexuality* ; Staff Development ; Child Health ; Surveys and Questionnaires

We experienced a case of unexpected sudden cardiac arrest, which developed during the anhepatic phase of living-related liver transplantation. The patient was a 56-year old man diagnosed with liver cirrosis. He had stable angina and congestive heart failure. Preoperative EKG, chest x-ray, arterial blood gas analysis and vital signs were all within normal limits. Cardiac echography was normal except for left atrial enlargement and diastolic dysfunction (grade I). Coronary angiography showed no coronary stenosis. About 10 min after the inferior vena cava had been clamped, the sinus rhythm changed suddenly to ventricular tachycardia. Lidocaine was administered and the PA catheter removed immediately but ventricular fibrillation and asystolic cardiac arrest followed. Cardiac rhythm returned about 15 min after the onset of asystole, followed by supraventricular tachycardia (up to 180 beats/min). The EKG suddenly returned to a normal sinus rhythm. He had no further episodes of arrhythmia and recovered without complication.
Angina, Stable ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Catheters ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Stenosis ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac* ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Arrest ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Lidocaine ; Liver Transplantation* ; Liver* ; Middle Aged ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular ; Tachycardia, Ventricular ; Thorax ; Ultrasonography ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; Ventricular Fibrillation ; Vital Signs

BACKGROUND: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a unique protein, participating in inflammation, immune response, and cell growth. Previous reports showed that MIF-polymorphisms are associated with an increased risk for various inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the effect of MIF polymorphisms on Behcet's disease (BD). METHODS: A total of 362 patients with BD and 290 healthy controls were genotyped. We also performed RT-PCR analysis, ELISA, and immunohistochemical stain for MIF. RESULTS: We could not find statistically significant differences in the genotype frequencies of the MIF-794[CATT]5-8 repeat polymorphism or MIF-173 G>C polymorphism between BD patients and controls. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that MIF protein was diffusely distributed throughout epidermis and subcutaneous fat tissue from the skin lesions of patients with BD and erythema nodosum. CONCLUSION: Contrary to earlier reports, serum MIF levels were decreased in patients with BD, and the prescence of polymorphisms in the MIF promoter region was not associated with disease susceptibility. Nevertheless, MIF may play a role in cutaneous inflammation in BD.
Disease Susceptibility ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epidermis ; Erythema Nodosum ; Genotype ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Macrophages ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Skin ; Subcutaneous Fat