No abstract available.
Breast* ; Female ; Lactation* ; Milk, Human*

No abstract available.
Myositis Ossificans* ; Myositis*

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the influence of gestational age at exposure on the prenatal effects of gamma-radiation. Pregnant ICR mice were exposed to a single dose of 2.0 Gy gamma-radiation at a gestational 2.5 to 15.5 days post-coitus (p.c.). The animals were sacrificed on day 18 of gestation and the fetuses were examined for mortality, growth retardation, change in head size and any other morphological abnormalities. The only demonstrable effect of irradiation during the preimplantation period was an increase in prenatal mortality. Resorptions were maximal on post-exposure day 2.5 after conception. The pre-implantation irradiated embryos which survived did not show any major fetal abnormalities. Small head, growth retardation, cleft palate, dilatation of the cerebral ventricle, dilatation of the renal pelvis and abnormalities of the extremities and tail were prominent after exposure during the organogenesis period, especially on day 11.5 of gestation. Our results indicate that the late period of organogenesis in the mouse is a particularly sensitive phase in terms of the development of the brain, skull and extremities.
Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced/*pathology ; Animals ; Bone and Bones/abnormalities/radiation effects ; Female ; Fetal Death ; *Gamma Rays ; *Gestational Age ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Animal/*radiation effects ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

No abstract available.
Dislocations* ; Knee*

No abstract available.
Dandy-Walker Syndrome*

PURPOSE: To investigate the trend of refractive change in hyperopic patients according to increases in age. METHODS: Eighty-eight children who had hyperopia of more than +1.50 diopters (D) and could be followed up for at least 5 years were included in this study. We divided the patients into two groups according to the level of initial hyperopia and retrospectively analyzed hyperopic refractive changes over a 5-year period according to age at initial diagnosis, presence of esotropia, amblyopia, astigmatism and anisometropia. RESULTS: We gained the following formula about the aspect of hyperopic reduction in 88 patients over a period of 5 years: Diopter (D)=7.99-2.14 Ln (age). The presence of anisometropia and amblyopia did not affect hyperopic reduction. Hyperopic reduction amounts in the group with a hyperopic eye of more than +5D at initial diagnosis were greater than in the group with a hyperopic eye less than +5D, and greater in the group with an astigmatic eye of more than 1D. The presence of esotropia and the age at initial diagnosis did not affect hyperopic reduction. CONCLUSIONS: We show that emmetropization in hyperopic children occurs according to the following formula: Diopter (D)=7.99-2.14 Ln (age). Both the initial level of hyperopia and the concurrent presence of astigmatism affected hyperopic reduction. However, the presence of anisometropia, amblyopia, esotropia and the age at initial diagnosis did not significantly affect hyperopic reduction.
Amblyopia ; Anisometropia ; Astigmatism ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Esotropia ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; Retrospective Studies

Aplasia cutis congenita is a congenital localized or widespread absence of the skin. We report a case of aplasia cutis congenita, type V, in a 6-day-old male infant born with the stellate and linear skin lesions covered by granulation tissue and soft capsule with slightly elevated erythematous edges on the trunk and lower extremities without any associated family history. The patient had amniotic bands and were diagnosed as aplasia cutis, type V. The patient received conservative treatment such as antiseptic dressing and prophylactic systemic antibiotics with healing of the ulcer.
Amniotic Band Syndrome ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bandages ; Ectodermal Dysplasia* ; Granulation Tissue ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Skin ; Ulcer

A clinical and hematological observation was performed on 136 newborn infants who were admitted to dept. of Pediatrics of Chosun University Hospital from Junly, 1976 to June, 1980 and were diagnosed of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The following results were obtained 1) The incidence of hyperbilirubinemia in male (64.0%) was more than female. 2) The highest monthly incidence was seen in June with 23 cases. (16.9%) 3) In the observation of the gestational period, its incidence was highest in full-term neonate with 103 cases. (79.3%). The mean value of serum bilirubin was highest in postmature neonate (19.70mg%). 4) In the obseervatio of the delivery type, the mean value of serum bilirubin was highest in vacuum and forcep delivery (17.81mg%). 5) The mean value of serum bilirubin was more higher in those of low birth weight group. 6) In the distribution of peak value of serum bilirubin, a group of 10.1~20.0mg% occupied 75.7%. 7) Idiopathic hyperbilirubinemia was the most common cause of pathological hyper bilirubinemia, with 79 cases. (58.1%). In the group of blood incompathibily, visible jaundice was begun earliest and mean value of serum bilirubin was highest. 8) Sepsis among the infection was the most important factor in the cause of neonatal hyper bilirubinemia with 18 cases (51.4%). 9) The most common blood types of mother-baby in ABO blood incompatibility was O-B with 8 cases (61.5%). 10) The exchange transfusions were performed on 13 cases (9.5%) and the rate of performance was the highest in blood incompatibility.
Bilirubin ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal ; Incidence ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice* ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Sepsis ; Surgical Instruments ; Vacuum

We have studied thirty two cases of inappropriately treatable and intractable epileptics to various anti-convulsants. Zonisamide had a definite anti-epileptic activity in eleven subjects(52.4%) of intractble epilepsy. Five patients(45.5%), who were previously inappropriately treatable epileptic patients became seizure free on zonisamide. Two subjects were withdrawn from study because of side effect and two subjects were also withdrawn because of uncontrolled seizure. Zonisamide is not only effective in intractable epileptic patients but also in first trial for untreated epileptic patients.
Epilepsy ; Humans ; Seizures

Hereditary progressive dystonia develope in the first decade of ?life and is characterized by marked diurnal fluctuation of symptoms(dystonic postures and movements), i.e.symptoms aggrevated towards evening and alleviated after sleep. These symptoms and signs responded dramatically to levodopa. With the high incidence of familial cases this disorder is considers to be hereditary, but inheritance is not clear yet. Segawa regarded this disorder as a dystonia different from Parkinson's disease and other types of dystonic movement disorders, thereafter it has been reported under name of hereditary progressive dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuation.
Dystonia* ; Incidence ; Levodopa ; Movement Disorders ; Parkinson Disease ; Posture ; Wills