The present study was conducted to investigate smoking status and the relationship of smoking to hypertension and disease 1,504 subjects who were 30-year-old age in Kyungsan Gunm Jyungpook province, during the period of 12 months from March 1978 to February 1979. The results obtained are summarized as follows : of 1,504 subjects, 52.2 percent smoked. The percentage of males smoking showed 84.8 and the percentage of females was 30.7. There were no statistically significant differences between the rate smoking and educational levels. Protestants demonstrated lower rates of smoking compared with other groups. Regarding the age started to smoke, 66.4 percent of male smokers and 16.9 percent of female smokers commenced smoking before the age of 19. In the regard to the average number of cigarettes smoked daily, 45.8 percent of male smokers consumed some 20 cigarettes and 24.1 percent of female smokers consumed some 10 cigarettes. 3.2 percent of male smokers smoked 40 or more cigarettes a day. Alcohol consumption was closely associated with smoking . 90.7 percent of male alcohol drinkers and 60.1 percent of female drinkers smoked. Cigarette smokers have higher rates of ailments than nonsmokers as a whole. The complaints of cough with sputum and shortness of breath revealed higher rates among smokers than among nonsmokers. Frequency of illnesses showed higher for smokers than for nonsmokers. Smokers were more likely than nonsmokers to suffer from chronic obstructive lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis, asthma, and emphysema. Abnormal systolic blood pressure(>160mmHg) and diastolic(>100) revealed significantly higher among smokers than among nonsmokers.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Asthma ; Bronchitis, Chronic ; Cough ; Dyspnea ; Emphysema ; Female ; Gyeongsangbuk-do ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Lung Diseases, Obstructive ; Male ; Protestantism ; Smoke* ; Smoking* ; Sputum ; Tobacco Products

From January 1985, to June 1986, 7 cases in which supracondylar and intercondylar fractures of the femur were treated at our orthopaedic department using the Extensile Approach for an anatomical reduction and firm internal fixstion, show successful results in follow up stuides. l. All 7 cases were type III fractures of Neers classification. 2. Among the 7 cases treated surgically using the Extensile Approach, 5 cases showed excellent and good results and the remaining 2 csses showed one fair and one failed results. 3. Probably due to the additional open proximal tibia and patella fracture and delayed surgery from trauma one case had a fair results. The case which failed wss due to ipsilsteral ligamentous injuries and a nerve injury in addition to the femur fracture and slso the impossibility of early knee joint exercise due to associated injuries. 4. None of the results of the 7 csses had any relationship with the patients age. 5. One case of postoperative skin necrosis developed around the tibial tuberosity and was treated successfully by a cross leg flap. 6. In comminuted supracondylar and intercondylar fractures of the femur, the Extensile Approach is thought to be an excellent surgical technique by means of a wide surgical field for an anatomical reduction and firm internal fixation with the repair of associated ligamentous injuries.
Adult ; Classification ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Leg ; Ligaments ; Necrosis ; Patella ; Skin ; Tibia

Congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia was accepted as one of the most difficult disease in respect of the frequency and treatment for the orthopaedists. Since April, 1984, we experienced 3 cases of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia, one 2 year-old boy involved left tibia only and the other 4 year-old female involved bilaterally, obtained solid bony union in all which were treated by massive surgical management that contained vascularized bone graft and electric stimulation. Several complications were faced such as refracture, valgus deformities of the ankle, skin irritation sign, angular deformities. But refracture was healed without delayed or nonunion by simple plaster cast immobilization. The vascularized bone graft snd electric stimulation is thought to be more improved methods for the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Althought solid bony union was obtained in congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia, periodic follow-up and adequste management must be mandatory up to the end of the bony growth.
Ankle ; Casts, Surgical ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Male ; Pseudarthrosis ; Skin ; Tibia ; Transplants

Most proximal humeral fractures respond satisfactory to simple conservative treatment. But operative treatment is recornmended in the cases that poor results are anticipated by prolonged immobilization, or because of the severe displacement and comminution. After Neer. in 1970, emphasized the need for operative treatment in displaced proximal humeral fractures, many papers reported better results with the operative management. Twenty five cases of displaced fractures and fracture dislocations of the proximal humerus treated at the department of orthopaedic surgery, Keimyung University with open reduction and internal fixation were analyzed clinically and radiologically. The following results were obtained. 1. The prevalent age distribution was the second snd third decades(average 42.6 years) and ratio of male and female was 2.1: 1. 2. In 10 of the 25 cases, wire loop was used for internal fixation, and the result was satisfactory in 8 cases. However, the disadvantage was difficulty in wire removal after bony union because the loop was buried in the callus or cortex. 3. Over-all results were excellent or satisfactory in 64% of 25 cases. There were 4 excellent and 1 satisfsctory in 5 cases of type Il fracture, 7 excellent, 2 satisfactory and 3 unsatisfactory in 12 cases of type III fracture, 1 excellent and 4 unsatisfactory in 5 cases of type 1V fracture, and 1 excellent, 1 unsatisfactory and 1 failure in 3 cases of fracture dislocation. 4. In 6 patients with four part lesions treated with open reduction and internal fixation and followed up for an average of 23 months(from 18 months to 3 years and 2 months), only one case of fracture dislocation revealed avascular necrosis with resorption of the head.
Age Distribution ; Bony Callus ; Dislocations ; Female ; Head ; Humans ; Humerus ; Immobilization ; Male ; Necrosis ; Shoulder Fractures

No abstract available.
Humans ; Hyperplasia* ; Prostate* ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate* ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction

No abstract available in English.
Patella

Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the tibia is an uncommon condition and its exact etiology and pathogenesis remains unknown. Authors experienced two cases of congenital pseud arthrosis of the tibia.
Pseudarthrosis ; Tibia

Synovial chondromatosis is an uncommon benign lesion characterized by multiple cartilagenous and osteocartilagenous nodules of the synovium and loose bodies. The affection is monoarticular and most commonly involves the knee and has an unknown etiology. Of the five cases of synovial chondromatosis experienced by the authors, both knee joints were involved in a case, two the elbow joint, and one the proximal phalanx of the left middle finger. The diagnosis of synovial chondromatosis was made by the histopathological findings of the excised masses.
Chondromatosis, Synovial ; Diagnosis ; Elbow Joint ; Fingers ; Knee ; Knee Joint ; Synovial Membrane

Sensation is the key element that allows the fingertip to participate effectively in virtually all hand functions. Therefore, it is very important to restore sensation as well as well padded, durable skin coverage following severe fingertip injuries. Many ingenious operations have been described to provide the fingertip with sensate coverage. Among them, the innervated cross-finger flap, reported by Cohen et al. in 1983, is very effective and successful in reconstruction of severe fingertip injuries, We report five cases of severe fingertip injuries treated with innervated cross-finger flap. The results are as follows : 1. The level of sensory return and the functional result is excellent in those fingertips reconstructed with the innervated cross-finger flap. 2. Mean time for flap detachment is 16 days post operative and local anesthesis at outpatient department is sufficient. 3. Four of five treated patients achieved excellent sensibility with measurable two-point discrimination(mean 5.0 mm) and ability to recongnize textures and objects.
Fingers ; Hand ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Sensation ; Skin

Rhabdomyosarcoma which was first described by Weber has generally been considered asan uncommon tumor. Pack and Eberhart were of the opinion that rhabdomyosarcoma represented 13.9 percent of soft tissue sarcomata. Recently it was classified as four types such as pleomorphic, embryonal, botryoid and alveolar type by many authors. We have experienced two cases of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, one arised within left leg and the other within right foot. The former(3 months old, female) showed tumor mass at birth, the latter(13 months old, male) showed at 1 month after birth.
Chungcheongnam-do ; Foot ; Leg ; Parturition ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; Rhabdomyosarcoma, Embryonal